Providing Studying Rooms and Hostels for Students of Pedagogical Educational Institutions of National Minorities (20 – 30s of the XX Century)

Author(s): Alexander Komarnitsky,Liudmyla Komarnitska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The article deals with the situation of providing studying rooms and hostels for students. Difficult economic situation in the country caused slow growth of the studying space. It has been proved that rooms unfit for the teaching learning process were given to institutions. The author having used rich database proves that it was too difficult to provide lodging for students, especially in the 1920s. Most institutions of higher education did not have their own hostels. Part of student dwellings was in the buildings unfit for living. It has been shown that living conditions were improving gradually during the 30s of the 20th century. The greater part of hostels was poorly furnished and there was not enough linen. Students hip living in boarding-schools had to follow the rules of residence. At the same time, it often happened that student rooms were unsanitary. Most hostels had no bathhouses, laundries, and barber shops.

Икономика, общество и национална идеология: нов поглед към възрожденския Пловдив

Author(s): Svetla Yaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Принос към историята на висшето икономическо образование в България

Author(s): Pencho D. Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Уебинар „Стопански предпоставки за формирането на българския политически елит (по примера на братята Евлоги и Христо Георгиеви)“

Author(s): Kirila Atanasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Златното сечение на златната маска

Author(s): Nikolay Sirakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Regional Historical Museum “Dr Simeon Tabakov” – Sliven preserves and exhibits a precious golden mask, which was found in 2007 during regular archaeological excavations, led by Dr Georgi Kitov in Dalakova mound, located in the village of Topolchane (Sliven region). As early as 2500 years ago, the ancient Thracian master applied the principles of ideal proportion corresponding to the “golden ratio” in geometry, art and architecture. Also known as the “golden section”, it symbolizes harmony, beauty and perfection, and was kept in strict secrecy by those who had inside knowledge of it.

Replacement of Municipal Political Elite as a Tool for Seizing Power and Consolidating an Authoritarian Regime in Slovakia 1938–1940

Author(s): Martin Pekár / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The main aim of this article is to present a comparative historical analysis of the mechanisms for the replacement of the political elites after the collapse of interwar Czechoslovakia and the declaration of the Slovak State under the influence of Nazi Germany in the years 1938–1940 at the level of municipal self-government with regard to the onset of an authoritarian regime. The subjects of the research are two towns, Prešov and Nitra, which provide an opportunity to look for similarities and differences in the changes implemented in two socio-economically and demographically similar towns with different political climates. The research is based on primary and secondary historical sources confronted mainly with the theories of V. Pareto, R. Michels and J. J. Linz. Historical developments in Slovakia in the years 1938–1940 and the process of the replacement of municipal elites correlates with the framework formulated in the sociological theories of Pareto and Michels. The process of the replacement of municipal elites contributed also to the gaining of characteristic elements of the authoritarian regime in the sense of the definition of J. J. Linz established in Slovakia by the Hlinka Slovak People’s Party.

Address Unknown: Reshaping the Jewish Living Space and Social Mobility in the Slovak State (1939–1945)

Author(s): Michala Lônčíková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Social mobility is a relatively common phenomenon in society; however, in the period of the Slovak State (1939–1945) it was predominantly caused by the economic and social engineering of the single ruling Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party. Anti-Semitism was made one of the main pillars of the internal state policy. Systematic pauperisation of the Jewish community gradually affected each perspective of everyday life of Jews in Slovakia, including the limitation of Jewish people’s living space. This practice led to involuntary moving out from houses and flats in designated urban zones. Subsequently, this process culminated in the Aryanization of the housing formerly owned by Jews. The main aim of this contribution is to analyse spatial and social consequences of the reshaping of the Jewish housing opportunities with special interest in the entangled social mobilities of both Jews and Gentiles, which will be mainly exemplified through selected cases from the Banská Bystrica district.

„Цаката била в кацата…“ или как градският шлагер преживя социализма

Author(s): Anton Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Between the mid-1940s and the late 1950s the centralization and ideologization of culture marginalized the schlager-song practice from pre-socialist times. Performing and listening to this musical genre was recognized by the authorities as a relic of the bourgeois past and was at the same time regarded as non-aesthetic by the professional composers. In the 1960s the generational change and the penetration of the new modern Western popular culture in Bulgaria altered the focus of the institutions of the regime. The old-fashioned pre-war schlager lost its political incorrectness to a significant extent and gradually became a convenient instrument in the hands of the institutions thus allowing to cover the attention of the elderly generations.

Българският XIX век: нови архиви и прочити

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

Първият национален конгрес на делегатите на Независимия самоуправляем профсъюз „Солидарност“ – урок по демокрация

Author(s): Grzegorz Majchrzak / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

Established in September 1980, NSZZ “Solidarność” was not only a trade union, but also a great social movement, and a school of democracy for its own members. Starting from the democratically elected works committees, through National Coordinating Commission, the apogee of this social movement was the 1st National Congress of Delegates of NSZZ “Solidarność” which took place in the autumn of 1981.

ЖІНОЧЕ ПИТАННЯ В НАЦІОНАЛЬНО-ВИЗВОЛЬНОМУ РУСІ МУСУЛЬМАНСЬКИХ КРАЇН (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТУНІСУ)

Author(s): Svitlana Gladchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 30/2019

The main idea of the article is the specificity of the modernization of the Tunisian society, as well as its gender aspect, is largely due to the fact that this process, thanks to the efforts of the ruling elite, began before the establishment of the colonial regime. In the context of the existing Islamic tradition, the degree of engagement of women in the social or productive spheres was conditioned by social differentiation. After establishing the French protectorate, actively using the administrative apparatus, encouraging the growth of the non-Muslim population, the French pursued a policy of cultural colonialism, which led to the design of the ideological and political realities of Tunisia in two directions. Representatives of the first direction continued the traditions of pre-colonial reformism, substantiating the idea of self-sufficiency of Islam. Representatives of the second, not denying the cultural significance of Islam, considered the prospects of modernization with the absorption of European experience. Representatives of Islamic modernism argued that, reformed and adapted to the spirit of time, Islam became the ideological basis of social development, in particular the release of women, whose primary role was to play education. The most radical of them questioned the use of hijab, as a purely Islamic tradition. Without denying the traditions of Islam, they advocated assimilation of the achievements of European culture, science and public opinion. The ideal of a new Tunisian woman appeared in the context of the synthesis of Islamic and Western cultures. He called for the emancipation of women and the reform of family-marital relations, taking into account the socio-cultural traditions of the Tunisian society.

THE SOUNDS OF MODERNITY: EXPLORING THE BALKAN CAPITALS’ SOUNDSCAPE (LATE 19th – EARLY 20th C.)

Author(s): Andreas Lyberatos / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Despite the fact that urban modernity and modernization in the Balkans has been a celebrated topic among social and cultural historians and historians of architecture and urban planning, the dimension of sound has been almost entirely absent from these discussions. The present paper is based on fresh research aiming to fill this gap. It initiates a comparative inquiry about the sonic environment of three Balkan capital cities (Belgrade, Sofia and Athens) during their transition to the industrial era. It offers a panorama of testimonies on the various dimensions, factors and actors creating and transforming the fin-de-siècle Balkan capitals’ soundscape (the role of climate and built environment, the natural and biological keynote sounds, the sounds of street vendors and musicians and the mechanical sounds of trams and motorcars). It finally demonstrates, through the example of the noisiest of the three cities, i.e. Athens, the importance of the “soundscape” as a field of signification and socio-cultural conflict in a transitional period for the Balkan city.

MASTERING OF THE SPACE IN THE HINTERLAND OF THE TOWN OF EDIRNE: CONTINUITY AND CHANGES (14th-16th C.)

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This article examines and analyses the degree of succession among the settlements which existed in the pre-Ottoman and the Ottoman period in the northern hinterland of the city of Adrianople /Edirne/ in the period of 14th – 16th century; the changes in their status which occurred after the establishment of the new Ottoman authority and the demographic development changes of the Muslim and non-Muslim population in the settlements. The present survey highlights three settlements – Skutarion, Bukelon and Provaton which in the Middle Ages were part of a group of castles protecting Adrianople from the North. After the conquest of the Balkans and their inclusion into the Ottoman military – administrative system their status changed and the three castles were transformed into centers of administrative units. Our conclusions draw on the achievements of contemporary historiography and on information, found in unpublished Ottoman tax registers from the collections of the Ottoman archives in Istanbul (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi).

“THE BULGARIAN SALONICA”

Author(s): Yura Konstantinova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The Balkan Wars put an end to the Bulgarian presence in Salonica, but not to the Bulgarian imagination relative to the city. Almost until the second decade of the 20th c. Ottoman Salonica used to be a bigger, richer and more modern city than the Bulgarian capital. It evoked much feeling and interest among Bulgarians, who saw in it many economic, political and cultural opportunities. For Bulgarians, however, Salonica was primarily linked with their freedom fighting, so its image is dominated by themes of death and self-sacrifice, of fear and courage, of prisons and concentration camps. To them it is simultaneously a city of prisons and a city of light, a city of youth and nostalgia, of education and pogrom, of economic opportunity and wasted effort.

Horror przemocy wobec dzieci wczoraj i dziś

Author(s): Ewelina Rąbkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Golus, A. (2019). Dzieciństwo w cieniu rózgi. Historia i oblicza przemocy wobec dzieci. Gliwice: Helion. The review article discusses a monograph by Anna Golus, Dzieciństwo w cieniu rózgi. Historia i oblicza przemocy wobec dzieci [Childhood in the Shadow of a Rod: The History and Faces of Violence against Children] (2019). Its purpose is to outline the history, cultural context of violence towards children and young people, as well as its current state, both in relation to applicable legal regulations in this area and social discussions related to the presented issues. In the final part of the article, those fragments of the book by Golus are analysed in which the author reveals her affective attitude towards the topic of violence against children. Despite the legal ban, some forms of seemingly innocent punishments, such as a smack or time-out, are sometimes propagated in Poland in the 21st century.

ON THE PAST, MEMORY, RECOLLECTIONS AND HISTORY OF THE BULGARIANS IN “SIMVASILEVUSA”

Author(s): Malamir Spasov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In the past one feels at home. One comes from that home, where the ones before him are, to go back one day and become one of them, a home for those that are to come. Think of it, that home is in one and one is that home. That’s why the past is cozy. Our awareness of the past is rooted in memory. Memory permeates all aspects of our life. Even our present is largely dedicated to memory, insofar as we spend a great part of it in fortifying our ties with the past. Our memory of the past is an indispensable condition for our sense of identity. We need the collective memory, i.e. the recollections of others, in order to affirm our own recollections, and in this way give them value. The opposite is also fully true, for life is fundamentally dialogical and the discovery of self is unthinkable without the others. If memory and history are processes penetrating the past, the vestiges of the past would put one on the track of processes that have produced that past. Often such traces are sparse, which makes them all the more valuable. Sometimes a few old photographs are the only remnants that have remained in place of one’s roots. In other cases only recollections replace places left long ago. Well, such places don’t have to be outstanding in order to be unforgettable. For many Bulgarians Salonica is just that kind of place. But Salonica is not some ordinary, unremarkable and insignificant city.

Благовеста Иванова. Българският архитектурен комплекс на Златния рог. София, Изд. „Парадигма“, 2018. 471 с.

Author(s): Yordan Zhelev / Language(s): German Issue: 1-2/2020

Book Review

Чий е бронзът с типовете „кръгъл щит//кипселе“ от разкопките на тракийското селище, наричано „емпорион Пистирос“

Author(s): Boryana Russeva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

The paper presents the extremely interesting bronze coin of the types of round shield // two-handled cup (kypsele, kotyle, diota) (Fig. 1a–1b) discovered in 1996 during the archaeological excavations of the Thracian settlement located in the area of Adzhiyska Vodenitsa near the village (now a town) of Vetren, Septemvri Municipality, better known as “Emporion Pistiros”. Grounded on both informative types known as parasema, the author tries to interpret (issuer and time of minting) this unique bronze issue – an allusion of the Odrysian Royal court from the first half of the 4th c. BC under Seuthes II, Kotys I and their successors via the unambiguous presence of the cult cup – the kypsele or kotyle decorating the reverses of their coins.

Морска храна в диетата на траките от Егейска Тракия

Author(s): Petya Ilieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

The paper presents the still limited evidence on consumption of seafood by the native Thracian population of Aegean Thrace before the establishment of the Greek colonies in the area. Remains of various shellfish (shallow- and deep-water species) from several sites indicate that the local population knew how and where to collect it. The sites where evidence for the consumption of shellfish was found include the LBA – EIA inland settlement at Kastri on Thasos, the late 8th – early 7th c. BC coastal settlement below the later Parian apoikia on Thasos, the LBA – EIA hilltop settlement at Asar tepe, as well as the Samothracian apoikia of Zone (fig. 1). The pre-Greek settlement below the polis of Thasos is the source of a large amount of shellfish remains. However, such were not discovered in the upper strata associated with the Archaic Greek polis. The situation compares to that at Archaic Syracuse where stable isotop analysis of bones from the cemetery at Scala Greca indicates little if any seafood in the diet.

Харпократ в Тракия през Гръко-римската епоха

Author(s): Vessela Atanassova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

When Ptolemy I became ruler of Egypt (306 BC), he continued to have interests in Thrace and Asia Minor where Lysimachus, its ruler, married his daughter Arsinoe II. Most likely, their wedding was fixed with certain benefits, which led to the permanent presence of the Ptolemy in Southern Thrace. In fact, the whole 3rd century was marked by the presence of the Ptolemies in Thrace. This for sure, but also for some other unclear reasons facilitated the spreading of the Egyptian cults in that region. Several Egyptian deities, mainly Isis and Sarapis, but some other deities in relation with them, were found on various documents attesting their presence in Thrace from the Hellenistic period to the end of the Roman Era. Harpocrates, the presumed son of Isis and Sarapis in Greco-roman period, was one of those deities. Unlike his divine parents, he was a synnaos theos and his cult spread on a different manner. According to the monuments he was more likely worshiped because of his qualities as savior god and his magical competences. The study will examine the existing documentation and will discuss the mechanisms of spreading of the Harpocrates cult in Ancient Thrace from the Hellenistic period onward.