Author(s): Victoria Makedon / Language(s): Ukrainian
Issue: 29/2018
The article is dealing with the study of women's national
and cultural association activities in the public and social life of
Odesa in the XIX century and in the early XX century, to determine the
women's national and cultural association development peculiarities,
their personal composition. National and cultural associations are the
main means of the national community to realize their own rights, an
instrument of national consolidation, and mutual assistance. The main
thesis of the article is that the national and cultural societies existence
allows non-citizens of the title ethnic group to implement the fullest
right exercise to study their ethnic culture, language and traditions
when, under difficult economic conditions, the state may not always
have this to provide.
The regulation documents of many Odesa national and cultural societies
declared the gender equality in membership, and in fact - encouraging
women to participate in the public movement, but we have
only isolated cases of the women’s active participation.
Based on the archival material usage, the sources and literature
publication, the formation process and organizational design of women's
national and cultural associations in Odesa were analyzed, the
specifics and directions of their activities were revealed, their association
role in the social and cultural life of certain nationalities and the
city as a whole was examined, the national and cultural association
process of Odessa and their plans for life was analyzed.
It is determined that the national and cultural associations, including
women's, are the main means for the national communities (in
particular, minorities) to realize their rights, an instrument of national
consolidation, mutual assistance.
The article refers to polyfunctional associations, which mainly had
the name and status of societies, represented a certain national or
cultural and confessional community, and pursued more or less broad
cultural tasks, primarily of a charitable direction, but again aimed at
their compatriots.
53
It was determined that the main areas of charity and patronage of
women's national and cultural associations in Odessa were: assistance
to churches and priests; care for orphans; assistance in the event of a
natural disaster or war; assistance to compatriots in their desire to go
to their homeland; foundation and assistance to educational institutions;
assistance in the creation and arrangement of cultural centers;
support of talents; funding research and supporting scientists.
The main directions of educational work were: holding parties and
lectures, both in Russian and in national languages; publication of
books and periodicals; distribution of books and periodicals among
the masses; struggle against alcoholism; the awakening of historical
memory; providing information support for those wishing to emigrate;
organization of libraries and museums; struggle against national discrimination.
Conclusions are drawn that national and cultural associations allow
citizens who are not related to the title ethnic group to fully realize
the right to study their ethnic culture, language, traditions. In addition,
we have identified the specifics and activities of women’s national
and cultural associations, their role in the social and cultural life of
certain nationalities and the city as a whole. All of the above arguments
prove thesis of this article.
More...