We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Rodno zasnovano nasilje, seksualno uznemiravanje i podzastupljenost žena u političkom i javnom životu – teme su o kojima se danas najčešće raspravlja kada se govori o položaju žena u savremenom društvu. Izvještaje o tome dobijamo zahvaljujući uticajnosti organizacija iz sfere civilnog društva i usljed institucionalnog djelovanja na međunarodnom nivou te kroz usvajanja novih zakona i promjene postojećih zakona na nacionalnim nivoima. Imajući to u vidu, može se reći da savremene države prepoznaju negativne posljedice koje nastaju iz zanemarivanja opresije i nejednakog statusa na osnovu roda, te kroz svoje politike jednim dijelom nastoje i da riješe te probleme. Uspostavljanje formalnih okvira i razvijanje brojnih procedura za poboljšanje položaja svih građana i građanki u društvu važan je korak, ali još uvijek nedovoljan ako nema razvijene građanske svijesti o tome šta uistinu znači biti potlačen/a. To pokazuje u kojoj mjeri neravnopravnost i dalje bitno utiče na živote žena i muškaraca, iako možemo govoriti o skoro 150 godina borbe za rodnu ravnopravnost.
More...
Feminizam prvog vala (vidi rad I.1 Istorija borbe za prava žena i rodnu ravnopravnost autorice Milene Karapetrović) počivao je na uvjerenju da će se položaj žena u društvu bitno promijeniti onda kada žene dobiju određeni set prava (prije svega, pravo glasa, pravo na jednako obrazovanje i pravo na slobodno raspolaganje imovinom). Na teorijskoj ravni, preuzima se prosvjetiteljski ideal jednakopravnosti i slobode, uviđa se da spolno neutralni racionalni pojedinac na pravno-političkoj ravni podrazumijeva muškarca, te se diskurs proširuje na naglašavanje supstancijalne istosti žena i muškaraca kao ljudskih bića. Međutim, nakon što su se žene izborile za određena prava, očekivana važna društvena promjena se nije desila. Tokom drugog vala, lista zahtjeva je proširena, a feminizam je postao označitelj skupa teorija. Unatoč raznovrsnosti teorijskih diskursa, mogu se izdvojiti dva zajednička i međusobno povezana uvida teorija drugog vala, koji će odrediti kako sadržaj, tako i dalju evoluciju i današnju poziciju feminističkih teorija i pokreta.
More...
Pisanje, a i istraživanje o ženskom pokretu predstavlja značajan izazov i podstrek s obzirom na dominantan „razmrvljen“ pristup koji je najčešće okrenut određenim aspektima položaja žena i njihove podređenosti. Društveni pokreti imaju, kako ističe poznati teoretičar i istraživač ovog fenomena Čarls Tili (Charles Tilly), tzv. WUNC obeležja (worthiness, unity, number i commitment) te iz tog razloga predstavljaju značajnu i kolektivnu pokretačku snagu usmerenu ka društvenim promenama (Tilly, 2004, str. 3–4).
More...
Urodnjavanje (gender mainstreaming), odnosno uvođenje rodne perspektive u politike i prakse na svim nivoima odlučivanja organa javne vlasti, relativno je nova feministička strategija promene. Njen primarni cilj je smanjivanje i iskorenjivanje rodnih nejednakosti, pre svega kroz državni aparat, ali i međunarodne organizacije. Međutim, put do urodnjavanja kao strategije nije bio ni lak ni jednostavan. Naime, na Prvoj međunarodnoj konferenciji žena u Meksiko Sitiju 1975. godine definisana je obaveza država članica Ujedinjenih nacija da formulišu nacionalne strategije, ciljeve i prioritete kako bi unapredili rodnu ravnopravnost i iskorenili rodnu diskriminaciju.
More...
Although the »women’s issue« has been founded as a political issue several decades ago, along with the development of »new wave« feminism, or neo–feminism, that brought to changes in the approach within the whole series of social issues, only with the emergence of »the green movement« and forwarding of »green« issues as political »women issues« as well as environmental issues, have they assumed a new importance within ecofeminist alternative groups. Ecofeminism encompasses different approaches, from liberal to ecocentric ecofeminism groups. In the course of numerous discussions between ecofeminist and feminist groups and their standpoint, there are also other intrinsic environmental groups and their standpoints, from which most prominent group representing deep ecology viewpoints, with which ecofeminist orientations are frequently in disagreement. Regardless of, however, certain disagreements within certain ecofeminist groups and their approaches, some of which are even useless or derogatory for (eco)feminism, as well as conflicts with the deep ecology, from the standpoint of social ecology it is important to take into account and take into the consideration all these (eco) )feminist standpoints, because they direct us to the situation where we should move beyond faulty dualism of the opinion model that characterizes West social and philosophical tradition, and towards which women are inferior to men, nature towards culture, emotions towards reason and body towards mind, under the condition that we want to achieve environmentally harmonious living, integrating nature with culture into an organic eco–cultural whole.
More...
The first philosopher Hypathia and her tragic death are less well known, and the Minoan Age of Crete Island management represents an egalitarian society in which women are equal to men. The eco– feminist movement was founded during radical and turbulent social changes in the early eighties. Due to the effects of wars, global environmental movements and minority rights movements have joined forces to create a significant subversion of patriarchal–based theory. The author and environmental pragmatist, leading sociologist Jane Adams, winner of the Nobel Prize, who received her doctoral degree at Yale University and organized the Hull House project to investigate the behavior of immigrants, influenced the eco feminist pragmatism of Charlotte P. Gilman and Caroline Bartlett Crane. This position is later found in the works of well–known neo eco feminists and sociologists. It is necessary to implement deconstruction and demystification of patriarchal approaches to society and education, in order to form a contemporary sociological theory, involving women as authors and their achievements.
More...
During the 19th century a new idea of a different belief system began to take root. The formation of this system took place with the help of a more serious approach to the treasure of folk traditions, skills, knowledge and practice. However, the system was also modernized by occultism, following contemporary culture and society, and very soon became adaptable to changes in the world. The name for both the system of faith and the members of that system is Wicca and it functions according to the vertical system. The aspiration is to grow upwards, towards the spiritual experience of the divine in and out of oneself. This movement is based on the philosophy of the religions of nature, folklore and mythology, adding the experience of the ancient, the arrangement of the occult, and the need to create a relationship with the modern world. The system is linked to the Code — set out in the Wiccan’s Rede (basic Wiccan ethical rules), and The Thirteen Principles of Wiccan Belief adopted in April 1974. In the Principles, in points 1., 2., and 13., they emphasize intellectual responsibility towards the environment, harmony of life with nature and ecological balance, and that within the Nature we should look for everything that contributes to our health and well–being.
More...
Instituţiile vechi de învăţământ fac parte dintre depozitarele patrimoniului cultural şi ştiinţific al unei societăţi. Valorificând sursele inedite ale Arhivelor Naționale a Republicii Moldova, surse ce ţin de trecutul şi evoluţia unor instituţii de învățământ cu cele mai vechi tradiţii din spaţiul dintre Prut şi Nistru, suntem în măsură să afirmăm că istoria școlii este o oglindă a societății, ea conservând mentalitatea și cultura unei epoci uitate.
More...
During socialist Yugoslavia, in Bosnian-Herzegovinian historiography, the emancipation of women was associated with her participation in the People’s Liberation Struggle. From 1942, when the organization of the Anti-Fascist Women’s Front of Yugoslavia was formally established, until 1953, when it was abolished at the Fourth Congress, this mass organization was more or less, and even under the full influence of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, depending on political circumstances. Although this women’s organization was publicly thanked for its successful work, with the constant remark that more women and better results are expected, prominent women members, as well as women fighters and women members of the Party did not participate in the highest emerging government institution during the war, as well as postwar period. The promises of the revolutionary government during the war time were fulfilled immediately after the war by constitutional and legal solutions. Women in socialist Yugoslavia received active and passive voting rights, equal pay with men for equal work, equality in family and inheritance law, the right to divorce, the right to share marital property, the right to protection of illegitimate children, paid maternity leave, the right to guardianship, etc., with tendency to expend legislation in favor of women. However, equality between women and men was more based on legislation and less on a fundamental change in female-male relations in everyday life because it was difficult to change the stereotype of the women as a caring mother, hardworking housewife and exemplary worker – so women did not have much time to socio-political activities. In addition, women were not brave enough to get rid of the imposed restrictions.
More...
From a theoretical point of view, for many decades the discipline of International Relations was dominated by the triad of realism, which remained the overwhelmingly dominant theoretical approach. It was not until 1980 that other political approaches began to gain some momentum. International relations is one of the last areas to accept feminism. This has contributed greatly to its use in almost all areas of research. Compared to other disciplines, the feminist aspect in international relations appeared much later. Feminism is a series of movements aimed at defending equal opportunities for women in the different areas of politics, social rights and other aspects of society. Feminist approaches to international relations became widespread in the late 20th century, and these approaches called for women’s experiences to be ignored from studies of international relations theory. Feminists who study international relations have argued that gender issues apply to international relations. Women succeed through their ambition, diplomacy and oratory to excel in the leadership area, which is the main premise for women to lead fully, dynamically but also in an original way. Throughout history, women have gone through several stages that have finally brought her to the position where the male elite give respect, love and attention to women throughout society. This paper fully demonstrates the vitality and continued viability of feminist projects in a variety of forms and contexts, assesses the challenges facing feminism and strongly advocates its continued relevance to contemporary global politics. The main objective of this paper is to present the importance of feminism today and its role as a paradigm in international relations.
More...
Nasilje u porodici je široko rasprostranjen društveni problem koji ozbiljno pogađa sve zemlje svijeta, kako socijalno osjetljiva tako i bogata društva, neovisno o stepenu socijalne i ekonomske razvijenosti (Ajduković i Pavleković, 2004). Bosna i Hercegovina se ne razlikuje od ostatka svijeta u pogledu prisustva problema. Međutim, bitno je naglasiti da je razlika između pojedinih zemalja u nivou odgovornosti institucija sistema u vezi sa pitanjem preventivnog djelovanja i postupanja u slučajevima nasilja u porodici
More...
This study will analyze the lifestyles of Sephardic women in the Turkish city of Istanbul from the 1930s through the 1980s collected via oral history interviews from a Centropa project by Sephardim from Istanbul. The interviews with Turkish Sephardic women in the Centropa interview database will be supported by research conducted in the Şalom Newspaper archives in Istanbul, the Turkish Official Journal archival database research, as well as historical and anthropological material search at libraries. As Sephardic Jews speak Judeo-Spanish, this study aims to shed light on Judeo-Spanish words used by Sephardic women on social activities, emphasizing the importance of the Judeo-Spanish language. Besides, this study also aims to analyze the societal roles of Sephardic women as professionals, their pastime activities, their culinary traditions, the historical information about their quarters’ surroundings, and the occupations that disappeared, underlining the importance of the reforms Atatürk brought to all the women living in Turkey as a way of history and culture education.
More...
This article focuses on the position of women in medieval Slavonian towns regarding their right to possessing real estate and disposing with their immovable property. Even though there were many towns in the territory of medieval Slavonia or present-day north-western Croatia, be it free royal towns, which were directly subjected to the crown, or marketplaces, which formed a part of noble estates and enjoyed only limited autonomy, my research primarily focuses on Zagreb’s Gradec and Varaždin, mostly because their sources have been best preserved.
More...