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Az I. világháború története a társadalmi nemek szerint

Author(s): Andrea Pető / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

In the Open Forum on legacy of WWI of The European Journal of Women’s Studies Joanne Nagel claimed that no matter that major changes happened in women’s position in the society the basic structure of patriarchal militarism remained the same. The chapter after analsying the different frameworks of gendering the history of the Great War explores a case study to uncover the different forms of silencing of women’s contribution to history of Hungary.

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„Mit ér a szavazati jog, ha elvész az ország ahol szavazhatunk?” A brit nők és a munka világa, 1914-1918

Author(s): Anita M. Madarász / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

From the beginning of the call for the first petition in 1866 until 1914 the lesser or greater groups were unable presenting considerable results. The government regarded the potential consequences – sometimes mentioned extremely ridiculous exceptions - and the members declined the suffrage for women until 1918. The breaking out of the First World War (or Great War) and the events of the four years following it contributed the fact that changing in the women’s social role and their political role should occur: the roles were changed, there was a need for the women and their work. It was necessary to say thanks to them for their vague work made in the course of four years and their voluntary willingnesses to make sacrifice somehow. So, the government granted the franchise, the opportunity that the women should be allowed to interfere in the establishment of the country’s politics among other things.

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Miként befolyásolta a nők magyarországi helyzetét az első világháború?

Author(s): Balázs Sipos / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The Hungarian society was modernized after 1867 as a consequence of the economical prosperity and the liberal political atmosphere. The first period of the emancipation of women started in the same decades of the 19th century. The process of this emancipation became powerful during the Great War because of the mobilization of the whole society when the women replaced the men on the home front. In the short period of the bourgeois republic of 1918 the women could enjoy civic and political rights from the right to vote to the right to study at all faculties in the same conditions as men. First the so called Christian and national counterrevolutionary political regime gave voting right to women in 1919 too but it restricted the opportunities of women’s education in the next year and also restricted the female voting right in 1922. Despite of those facts the fight for emancipation of women was continued by right wing and/or conservative female societies and hybrid types of women: they promoted the Christian and national regime on the one hand and wanted to got the same or similar rights as men on the other hand. So we can call them right wing feminists. And it needs to be mentioned the bourgeois feminists who changed their vocabulary and used the right wing and national frames in the political communication.

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Antifašistička borba

Author(s): Adna Nalić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U Bosni i Hercegovini period Drugog svjetskog rata obilježavaju drugarice, ilegalke, komunistkinje, borkinje, partizanske ljekarke i narodne heroine. Žene počinju da se uključuju u politiku postajući članice Komunističke partije Jugoslavije i javlja se sve veća želja da javno djeluju. Prvi put se javlja ideja o ravnopravnosti spolova te se dovode u pitanje stereotipi i tradicionalne vrijednosti, što rezultira stvaranjem organizacije Antifašističkog fronta žena.

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Socijalizam

Author(s): Mirza Halilčević / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ravnopravnost spolova je bila važan segment komunističke ideologije. Ona je imala značaj kada je riječ o različitim oblicima uključivanja žena u narodnooslobodilačku borbu. Međutim, kada analiziramo učešće žena na mjestima donošenja značajnih političkih i vojnih odluka, onda možemo zaključiti da je ravnopravnost spolova bila prilično deklarativnog karaktera. Ipak ne možemo poreći da su se u ovom raskoraku između stvarnog i deklarativnog desile ogromne promjene koje će otvoriti novo poglavlje u priči o položaju žena u BiH.

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Преплитање патријархалности и модерности: утицај политичких и друштвених промена на живот жене у Србији током друге половине 20. века

Author(s): Vera Gudac-Dodić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The interweaving of patriarchal and emancipatory values in Serbian society during the second half of the twentieth century was manifested in various social segments, shaping the everyday life of women and affecting their lifestyle habits and practices. However, the overcoming patriarchal social inhibitions in socialism were not comprehensive at all. Тhe essential continuities of patriarchal value system and their rootedness in everyday life were often concealed underneath formal changes facilitated by the state. On the other hand, many strongholds of social inequalities have collapsed during the socialist Yugoslavia and Serbia, while the effects of emancipatory politics were evident in many spheres of life. The socialist model of development and transformation led to changes, primarily in the domain of formal gender relations, as well as in education and women employment policy. Regardless of this, an unequal participation of men and women in family chores has survived which produced a gender inequality again, leading to further conflicts regarding the role of a working woman. The coexistence of traditional and modern forms, values and behavior, had more conspicuous demarcation in distinction between urban and rural, among other things. Finally, the apparent differences between the urban and rural women life have remained almost the same even in socialist period.

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Жена и породица у Србији у другој половини 20. века

Author(s): Vera Gudac-Dodić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Modernization measures of the socialist state and the changes occurring within the family after the Second World War influenced the situation of women and were reflected in their lives. The situation of women was strongly influenced by full legal equality between men and women, extended education and increased economic independence based on the fact that the proportion of employed women was much larger than previously. The process of family nuclearization, liberalization of divorce and the possibility of birth control were also important determinants of the status of women in socialism. All this did not suffice to completely overcome traditional ways of thinking about female being and social function, to overcome the traditional values and change the deep ingrained roles of man and woman within the family. Women still did most of the housework, and they took unto themselves care of children, even when they were employed. Despite all the changes which took place during the after-war years, the perceptible differences that marked the ways of living of men and women in town and in the country in the inter-war period were not disposed of. The system of norms and behaviour typical for patriarchal ideology was more important and exercised greater influence in the country than in towns and cities. Many signs point to the fact that the modernization process of rural families and changes within them are neither clear-cut nor that they completely overcame the patriarchal system. Together with pronounced differences in the status and way of life of women in urban and rural areas, in various types of families, with the echo of emancipation on the one hand, and the strong influence of tradition on the other, as well as with all the changes which came about during the socialist modernization, female inferiority remained a constant, particularly within the framework of traditional family roles.

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Женский костюм черняховской культуры с двупластинчатыми фибулами

Author(s): Anna V. Mastykova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author studies Chernyakhov feminine costume, which is typical for the Eastern Germanic peoples of the late Roman times. It is characterized by presence of a pair of crossbow fibulae or fibulae with two plates. The fibulae are arranged in pairs on the shoulders or chest, but there are known cases where a burial contained three and even four fibulae. The number of these items is determinative for the typology of the Eastern Germanic clothing, suggested by M. Mączyńska (Tempelmann-Mączyńska 1989). This typology is used in this study to examine Chernyakhov burials with two-plate fibulae.

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Ekofeminizam i feministička teorija

Author(s): Carolyn Merchant / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Autorica donosi prikaz razvoja ekofeminizma kroz prizmu feminističke teorije, tematizirajući različite pravce feminizma I ekofeminizma (liberalni, radikalni, socijalistički, marksistički) te njihov suodnos s ekofeminizmom. Uočava kako različiti ekofeminizmi imaju dugoročno drugačije ciljeve, no kratkoročno su veoma bliski.

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Dekolonizacija pisanjem kroz metodološke leće Linde Tuhiwai Smith

Author(s): Dina Glavan / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The subject of this paper is the concept of decolonization and its elaboration through the methodology of Linda Tuhiwai Smith. Smith quotes 25 »Indigenous Projects« as 25 different ways through which decolonization can be achieved. By placing the whole process somewhere between personal and political, the work of decolonization is approached through the display of postcolonial literature by choosing writing as the release medium. As demonstrated by the development of writing as a decolonizing tool of Dalit or »the untouchables« through the prism of the caste system of India, the paper shows the mapping of individual male and female voices that re–create their history and identity through short stories, poetry, novels, essays. In conclusion, the paper tries to give a feminist perspective of the subject by focusing on women’s writing.

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4.50 €

Osmanli Toplumu Son Döneminde Kadın Dergileri ve Feminist Uyanış Feminist Awakening Through

Author(s): Zeynep Banu Dalaman / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Although the development of the women's movement in Ottoman society was different from that in Western countries, it is a fact that they were affected by the women's movement and publications that developed in the West. As a result of the liberation of the press, communication and transportation opportunities that started with the Tanzimat era, the Ottoman intellectual was able to follow the developments in Europe closely. This follow-up broadened the horizons of literate Ottoman women by providing close monitoring of western women's organizations and women's media. Ottoman men also supported the women's movement that flourished in the Ottoman Empire, sometimes by opposing the modernist protectionist discourse, and sometimes by including women writers in their publications. In this study, the formation of Ottoman feminism is examined based on Ottoman women's magazines published in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the writings of Ottoman male intellectuals of the period. The work in which feminist theory of history forms the theoretical framework of the historical process of the emergence of feminism in the world and its debate in Ottoman society, and argues that the roots of the discussions on feminism lie in the late Ottoman women's publications and associations, and extend to the struggle they waged with Ottoman men. It produces a discourse contrary to the expression of women's movements and feminism identified with the Republican period. Archive work was carried out and discussions over the concept of “feminism” were analyzed in Ottoman journals published between 1908-1920.

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Kadın Hakları Konusunda Bir Öncü: Süreyya Ağaoğlu

Author(s): Zeynep Özlem Üskül Engin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

It is extremely recent for women to talk about their rights, and obtaining these rights includes many challenges and struggles. Süreyya Ağaoğlu, the subject of the article, was born in the late Ottoman Empire and wanted to exist as a lawyer in a world where women were not in the public space. Perhaps the difference from other women is that she had a wealthy and educated family, as well as the will to work and succeed. The long life of Ağaoğlu, who was recognized as the first female lawyer, also offered her the opportunity to work in many other areas: she represented Turkey abroad many times through professional associations and explained the importance Turkey attaches to women, development and advances in women's rights. In addition, he worked in associations that focused on children's education, and even became the founder of two

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ЖЕНСКИЕ ОБРАЗЫ В ПРОЗЕ В.Ф. ОДОЕВСКОГО И СИМВОЛИСТОВ: К ВОПРОСУ О ПРЕЕМСТВЕННОСТИ

Author(s): Galina Zavgorodnyaya,Alexey M. Zavgorodnii / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper is aimed at revealing stylistic continuity between romanticism and symbolism in Russian literature by doing a case study. The works of a prominent representative of Russian romanticism, theorist and innovator V.F. Odoevsky as well as the prose of symbolist writers serve as material for analysis. Images of women and the specificity of their depiction by the above mentioned authors are selected as a research object. The research has shown that although the symbolists did not proclaim V.F. Odoevsky their literary precursor and his name did not emerge in symbolist manifestos and theoretical works (as in case of F. Tyutchev and A. Fet), it is from his conceptually thematic and stylistic trials that one can draw “straight lines” to symbolist experiments clearly illustrating the continuity between two literary directions and confirming the important role of V.F. Odoevsky in the Russian literary process. The analysis of some prose works by V.F. Odoevsky allowed to reveal, for instance, the following recurrent (with some variations) female types: woman possessing arcane knowledge or/and magic powers; woman having dual nature – human and mystical; woman from the picture coming alive. The noted images, depicted highly originally, demonstrate, however, the indubitable influence of Hermeticism (including alchemical symbolism), Schelling’s philosophy and the work of German romanticists. The resemblance between female images in the prose of V.F. Odoevsky and the most frequently encountered ones in the symbolism becomes apparent when making a comparative analysis. It is revealing that semantic accumulations of the images at the beginning of the XX century are carried out in general in line with the directions traced by romanticists and, in the first place, by V.F. Odoevsky – an appeal to mythology, Hermeticism, theosophy in a broad sense; an aspiration to embody artistically the idea of synthesis of arts, religion and philosophy.

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Feminizam je i muško pitanje

Author(s): Nikola Vučić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Iako se primarno odnose na problematiku podređenosti žena u društvu, feminizam i feministički pokreti ne bi trebali predstavljati isključivo žensku borbu u postizanju ravnopravnosti, već je svakako važna i podrška muškaraca. Stoga ću, u ovome članku, pokušati potvrditi tezu iz naslova i ujedno kritički propitati ustaljene prakse patrijarhalnoga govora o feminizmu, ženskim pravima i praksama potčinjavanja.

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Olupine historije

Author(s): Arnela Fazlić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Sigurno se sjećate priče o Šeherzadi iz 1001 noći (perz. رازه و كي بش Hezār-o Yek shab). Cara Šahrijara žena je prevarila s robom. Naredio je da preljubnike ubiju. Od tada je Šahrijar patio zbog pretrpljene sramote i nanesene boli. Svoju bol je gušio sveteći se cijelom ženskom rodu tako što bi svaku noć dovodio djevicu, spavao s njom i ujutro je ubijao. Na isti način, i sa istim ciljem, dovedena mu je Šeherzada. Međutim, Šeherzada je bila obrazovana i mudra vezirova kćer.

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Türkiye’de Toplumsal Cinsiyet Tartışmaları Bağlamında Eşcinsellik ve LGBT Aktivizmi: Sosyo-Politik Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Emrah Eker / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Çalıştay düzenleme heyetinden davet telefonu aldıktan ve görüştükten sonra tarafıma gönderilen çalıştay içeriği ve bu bağlamda bana düşen konu başlıkları aslında başlı başına üzerine kitaplar yazılabilecek (ve hatta yazılan), sempozyumlar düzenlenecek (ve hatta düzenlenen) muhtevayı haiz idi. Bu bağlamda 30 dakikalık bir sunumda bu beklentiyi karşılamak tümüyle mümkün olmasa da -çalıştay katılımcılarının sahip olduğunu varsaydığım müktesebata da güvenerek- malumun ilanı türünden bir sunumdan ziyade en önemli gördüğüm, ayrıca iki müzakerecinin eleştiri ve katkılarıyla eğilmelerini arzuladığım ve ardından da programın -bence en verimli kısmı olacak olan- 1,5 saatlik “Serbest Müzakereler” bölümünde tüm hazirunun kritik ve değerlendirmeleriyle mesafe kat edebileceğimizi düşündüğüm hususları netleştirmek adına meseleleri üç ana başlık altında toplayarak tartışmaya açmanın faydalı olacağına kanaat getirdim.

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Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kavramı: Kapsam ve Tartışmalar

Author(s): Sümeyra Ünalan Turan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Akademik yazında hatırı sayılır bir yer işgal etmesine karşın toplumsal cinsiyet (gender) kavramı, gündelik dildeki kullanımıyla kafa karışıklığına yol açmakta; özellikle son yıllarda kavramın LGBTQ+ hareketiyle yan yana anılması, muhafazakâr camiada kavramın kullanılmasına yönelik güçlü bir reflekse neden olmaktadır. Bu tepkiler bazen makul sınırın ötesine geçerek kavrama ilişkin akademik müktesebat topyekûn yok sayılabilmektedir. Çalıştay esnasında kavrama yönelik tartışmaların olması, hatta artık kavramın kullanılmaması gerektiğine yönelik fikirlerin dile getirilmesi, beni, çelişkili şekillerde kullanılan toplumsal cinsiyet kavramının geçmişten bugüne serüvenini ele almaya ve hâlâ işlevsel bir araç olup olmadığını tartışmaya sevk etti. Zira kavrama yönelik tartışmaların etkin bir parçası olabilmek için önce kavramın geçmişten bugüne kapsam ve içeriğini, kavrama yönelik eleştirileri bilmek, sonra kavramın işlevselliğini tartışmak ve kelimeyi sadece popüler kullanımına hapsederek akademik fonksiyonunu gözden kaçırmamak gerektiğini düşünüyorum.

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Cinsel Sapkınlık: Patolojik Bir Sosyal Apoptoz - Üstesinden Nasıl Gelinir?

Author(s): Turgay Gündüz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İnsanlık tarihi, evrendeki varlık serüveninde insanın zaman zaman belli dönüm noktalarından geçtiği, ölüm kalım savaşı verdiği zamanlara tanıklık etmiştir. Büyük toplumsal hareketler, göçler, savaşlar, kitlesel ölümlere sebebiyet veren hastalıklar, geniş çaplı doğal afetler ve benzerlerinin yaşandığı zamanlar bu anlar arasında sayılabilir. İnsanın varlığını tehdit eden, kimi zaman ortadan kaldıran bu tür hadiseler, meydana geldiği toplumlarda çoğu kere kısa sürede büyük kayıplar ortaya çıkarır ve ciddi travmalar oluşturur, derin etkiler bırakır. Ancak bu tür olaylar, genellikle hemen ardından hızlı bir dayanışmayı, yeniden var olmak için bilinçli bir toparlanmayı, maddi ve manevi yeniden dirilme ve inşayı da beraberinde getirir.

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İkinci Dünya Savaşi’nda Kadinlar: Yeniden Üretim ve Toplumsal Riza Bağlaminda Kadinlara Yönelik Söylem ve Politikalar

Author(s): Ayla Ezgi Akyol Giagtzoglou / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Wars were periods when, the state’s concern for legitimacy, its need for the social consent relatively increased. In such a conjuncture, women as a social subject find more space on the agenda of political elites. One of the main reasons for this is that the political support of the male population at the front for the mobilization policy is closely tied to ensuring the livelihood of their families and guaranteeing the role of their wives in the household. Another reason is that women at the home front become more dependent on wages, they are also more affected by the economic consequences of the war such as the black market, inflation, price speculation and lack of access to necessities; this creates a social contradiction that needs to be resolved by political elites. A third reason is that the control and discipline of female fertility has become one of the main issues of politics due to the social role of women in the reproduction of “human resources”. Thus, from the reproduction of social consent during wartime to the management of poverty, from the legitimization of war to the continuity of production and social reproduction, women become one of the main agendas of political elites.During the Second World War, although the Republic of Turkey did not officially participate in the war, a policy of mobilization was adopted, a statist war economy based on excessive taxation was pursued and access to necessities became difficult due to the high rate of inflation, price speculation and black market. This article scrutinizes the involvement of women in the political agenda during the Second World War. Drawing upon the reports of the Parliament and state archives and newspapers and magazines of the era, it investigates the discourse crafted by political actors to reinforce the war’s legitimacy vis-à-vis women. It also examines the policies pursued by political elites to address the increasing poverty among women during the war, along with the contradictions experienced by women in production and reproduction processes. Furthermore, the article addresses the formulation of social policies concerning reproduction of women’s domestic societal roles, family and birth control.

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Crtica o Rozi

Author(s): Svetlana Slapšak / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Moderni feminizam je jedva nešto stariji od dva veka. Sam termin je još mlađi, tako da u nevolji definisanja, istoričarke za starije periode često upotrebljavaju termin ’feminizmi pre feminizma’. Već tu je jasno da feminizam ima jaku potrebu za preciznošću i samoograničavanjem, koje svedoče o dugoj borbi za ulazak u prihvaćeno područje političkog rečnika, naučne terminologije, i istorije ideja. U situaciji stalnog ispitivanja i samoispitivanja iznutra, i stalnog poricanja i prećutkivanja spolja, možda bi zaista bilo jednostavnije nazvati feminizmom sve političke pokrete, krugove i situacije u kojima se proizvodila ideja jednakosti polova, promocija ženskih kvaliteta, i slavljenje ženskog doprinosa razvoju ljudskoga roda. (…)

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