NORMATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF GENDER EQUALITY

Author(s): Amila Ždralović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The formal and legal aspects of gender equality in BiH need tobe seen through two levels - international and national, which have their own reflections on the other levels including the lowest level - the local community. For the needs of this research, here are some of the most important ones: The CEDAW Convention (the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979), the Beijing Declaration and the Action Platform (1995), Resolution 1325 ("Women, Peace and Security", 2000) and the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (2011, the so-called Istanbul Convention). Regarding domestic legislation, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the Gender Equality Law in BiH and the Anti-Discrimination Law in BiH.

Trauma oraz strategie pamięci i zaświadczania w kobiecych narracjach (anty)wojennych w literaturze Bośni i Hercegowiny. Opowieści – rodzaj żeński, liczba mnoga Šejli Šehabović

Author(s): Magdalena Koch,Katarzyna Dylewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is collection of Šejla Šehabović’s short stories A Plural Noun of Feminine Gender (Priče – ženski rod, množina) as an example of the women’s Bosnian (anti)war prose. The stories are interpreted by analysing trauma present in narratives, ways in which traumatic memories are remembered and how the memories are presented in a story. Particular attention is devoted to the narrative itself, which in many aspects is viewed as a form of articulation of trauma. The analysis focuses on the feminine perspective in war experience as well as its differences from previous predominantly masculine narratives. The article indicates the relationship between traumatic narrative, literature of testimony and women’s writing.

Žene i priroda

Author(s): Susan Griffin / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Autorica piše o složenom odnosu između roda (žena) i prirode (u najširem smislu te riječi obuhvaćajući sva živa bića) naglašavajući važnost povezivanja ovih tema. Ključna je postavka promjena paradigme promišljanja o rodnim i prirodnim (»okolišnim «) temama, što će dovesti do stvarnih praktičnih promjena. Time bi se redefinirale tradicionalne uloge žena, prirode I svega na što se odnosi termin Drugi.

Identiteti feministkinje i aktivistkinje za prava životinja

Author(s): Snježana Klopotan / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Experience over several centuries of discrimination and exploitation led to consideration about the connection between female and animal issues, even before ecofeminist theory. The dominant patriarchal structure of the world reduced both women and animals to objects with little or no power at all, positioning women as the ones closer to nature and animals (what is non–human can be maltreated and abused). Feminists in the animal rights movement experience differently the involvement of women and women’s bodies in the fight for animal rights, thus showing that heterogeneousness in evaluation of the methods being used in the fight against oppression also exists within the same interest group. Whilst some think that animal liberation over female bodies is not justified and that such a practice dehumanizes women and encourages a misogynous view of them, others think that being involved in actions like Rather go naked than wear fur leads to re–evaluation of ethical and moral issues and enables engagement in more important and efficacious political action. The identities of animal rights activists are being formed through a polyphony of feminist voices, agreeing that the consistently raised issue of women rights in modern times also raises issues about animal rights.

When the Word for Peacemaker was a Woman: War and Gender in the Former Yugoslavia

Author(s): Slobodan Drakulić,Sonja Liht / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Women were prominent within the anti-war movements and pacifist circles throughout history-even when the wars they opposed were widely considered holy, as in the Middle Ages.1 Closer to our time, there was a high presence of women in both 19th- and 20th-century pacifist and anti-war movements. Finally, the notable prevalence of women in peace movements on different sides involved in the Yugoslav War-in Belgrade, Zagreb and Sarajevo-was one of the more conspicuous features of this conflict.

The Opposition Between Nature and Culture as the "Natural" Definition and Interpretation of Sexual Difference - Levi-Strauss’ Projection of the Origins of Culture as a Social Contract Between Men

Author(s): Žarana Papić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Why is a Woman a Symptom of Rights?

Author(s): Renata Salecl / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Çiller Hükümetlerinin (1993-1996) Kadın Politikaları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Ece Yüksel / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

As one of the important figures of Turkish political life; Tansu Ciller, an economics professor whom President Suleyman Demirel addressed as “My Daughter” and led her to step in politics, started her political career at the True Path Party (Doğru Yol Partisi) in 1990. She was elected as the member of parliament from Istanbul in 1991 elections. Ciller served as the state minister in charge of the economy in the coalition government established with the Social Democratic People's Party with Suleyman Demirel as prime minister.After the death of the 8th President Turgut Ozal, Suleyman Demirel was elected as the president and left the position of the prime minister and chairman of the True Path Party. Tansu Ciller elected as the chairman of the True Path Party on June 13, 1993, with the highest number of votes and also became Turkey's first female prime minister. She served as prime minister in the 50th, 51st and 52nd governments formed from June 1993 to March 1996. Since she is Turkey's first female prime minister, Tansu Ciller governments are periods that should be examined specifically with women's projects and women's policies. Within the scope of this study; the perspective of the current ideology of the period on the concept of women will be essentially examined in the first part. The introduction will provide information on the women's policies of the governments formed before the Ciller Governments. Studies on women's problems and women's rights conducted during the periods of these governments will be evaluated. In Chapter 1, data on Ciller governments' (1993-1996) women's policies and practices conducted on women will be presented, supported by media reports. In Chapter 2, how successful the government programs were and their shortcomings will be focused on and the study will be concluded with an overall assessment. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to both women's projects and literature of Turkish Political Life by analyzing the women's policies of Governments of Tansu Ciller, Turkey's first and only elected female prime minister so far.

Türkiye’de Kadınların Siyasal Katılımda Konumu

Author(s): Ceren Avcil / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Certain reforms and regulations have been implemented in Turkey to allow women to play an active role in politics. Women were granted the right to vote and stand for election in 1934 empowering women to actively participate in politics. Such regulations granting women access to decision-making mechanisms as equal citizens are regarded as a significant step towards the ideal of “reaching the level of contemporary civilisations”. Nevertheless, to this day women are observed not to enjoy the desired level of representation in politics and notably in the parliament in Turkey. Equal political representation for women is currently hindered by obstacles, as well as certain viewpoints against the acknowledgment of women in politics. The present study addresses the position of female representation in the parliament of Turkey between 1935 and 2018. The study conducted a literature review on the concept of gender and the specific factors of consequence for women’s engagement in politics. It has furthermore assessed the data concerning the representation of women. The most fundamental finding is underrepresentation of women. The study emphasises that lack of active positioning of women in politics is not a problem of mere figures, but essentially represents a problem of democracy and recommends enforcement of targeted regulations that will encourage women to take part and play an active role in politics (e. g. gender quotas).

Yerelde Eşitlik Mücadelesi: Muhtar Kadınlar

Author(s): Hilal Dokuzcan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The Mukhtar institution entered our lives from the beginning of the 19th century and made a great contribution to the formation of local dynamics as the smallest management unit. As a unique model, it also has a different value. The election and nomination processes of the muhtar and their administrations create an important opportunity for participation and representation, starting from the local point of view for voters. Its proximity to the public, its availability, intervention to local problems and the provision of solutions are very important for local dynamics. There is the possibility of solidarity and sharing. All these features have a great potential for change and development in terms of women's representation and participation. Despite this potential, women are represented very little or even negligibly in the mukhtars. As of 2021, there are 50.284 mukhtars in our country, including villages and neighborhoods. Only 1.101 of these mukhtars are women. Although the rate of women mukhtars, which was 1.3% in the 2014 elections, increased to 2.1% in 2019, it points to a serious representation problem. It is a situation that deserves to be examined in terms of many areas in itself, because women who make up half of the society have so little place in a structure that is so close and within their lives. This can also provide a basis for the need to create different sensitivities, models and awareness in terms of democracy and equality.The main purpose of the study is to trace how the mukhtar model can be an exemplary model on the road to ensuring equality between men and women in the developing world of the 21st century. This study will also be examined in terms of local dynamics, with the participation of women and representation in an mukhtar scale from an egalitarian perspective. Experiences of women mukhtars during their candidate and election processes, their studies, their organization styles will be conveyed through one-to-one interviews. Service examples of women mukhtars after they are selected will be included in the study.

27. Dönem Milletvekili Seçiminde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği

Author(s): Nuray Karaoğlu,Ayşe Kaşıkırık / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The right of women to vote and be elected is the output of a difficult and long-term struggle. In Turkey, women won the right to vote and be elected in 5 December, 1934. The Swiss women were 36 years later, in 1971. In 2021, the rate of female deputies in the Turkish Grand National Assembly is 17.2% and in Switzerland it is 42%!Although the number of female MPs in the Turkish Grand National Asembly reached the highest rate (17.8%) in the June 2015 elections, it has been decreasing since 2015. It is seen that there is no positive situation regarding equal representation of women in decision-making mechanisms and the current situation is below the global average. In order to ensure equal participation of women and men in socio-economic life, it is critical that the government implements gender equality policies and that the selected women create pressure on this issue.In this study, the programs, statutes and election manifestos of 11 parties (AK Party, BTP, BBP, CHP, DP, HDP, IYI Party, MHP, SP, VP and HÜDA-PAR) that entered the 27th term parliamentary elections will be analyzed in a gender equality perspective. However, the data of the parties on women's representation during the election period and the election results will be evaluated comprehensively.

Toplumsal Hafızanın Karanlık Dehlizine Sızan Işık: “Alyazma Anıtı”

Author(s): Lütfiye Bozdağ / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

This paper contains research on the traces left in social memory by a monument built in public space by the sculpture artist Meriç Hızal in order to express the reaction that she felt against femicides. The “Alyazma Monument”, which was built in cooperation with the Antalya City Council's Women Assembly and the Muratpaşa Municipality, was opened on 07 March 2012 in the Palmiye Park in Muratpaşa district. This monument, built on the concept of femicide, represents women killed by male violence. The artist who designed the “alyazma” form using the concept of a red metal pyramid in order to symbolize the women who were killed in Anatolia, carved the names of women who had been victims of violence and thus let the light leak from the holes of the characters. The fact that the light passing through the female names carved on Alyazma falls on the people entering the monument creates an intense state of emotion for the people who experience this artwork. The audience, upon seeing these names, shivers and feel a confrontation with these murders. Thanks to the light that leak from these names, the names of female victims are reflected on the ground, and visitors do not want to step on the names reflected on the ground.The aestheticization of a social pain in a pyramidal monument form invokes a thought-provoking, questioning feeling within the viewers. When it rains, the raindrops that slide from the cavities are identified with the tears of the deceased women. Can a work of art leave a trace in social memory? Is art merely an area of aesthetic pleasure experience? The paper will be developed on these questions and an evaluation will be made in the conclusion section.

The Aura of the Actress

Author(s): Lada Čale Feldman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

ARE ACTING THEORY AND HISTORY GENDER-INFLECTED DISCOURSES, HAVING IN MIND ACTING’S MAIN VEHICLE OF EXPRESSION – THE HUMAN BODY – AND THE CONCOMITANT FACT THAT SEPARATE CHAPTERS OF ACTING THEORY AND HISTORY NECESSARILY, IF IMPLICITLY, RELIED ON PHILOSOPHICAL AND MEDICAL, LATER ALSO PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTUALISATIONS OF SEXUAL DIFFERENCE? THIS ARTICLE OFFERS A SHORT SURVEY OF SHIFTING HISTORICAL IDEAS REGARDING THE FEMALE ACTING PRACTICE AS AN EITHER NEGLECTED OR OVERVALUED, “INDOMITABLE” SUPPLÉMENT DISTURBING ALL ATTEMPTS TO CONSTRUCT A UNIFIED AESTHETIC, HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL DISCOURSE ON ACTING, LET ALONE THE ONE WHICH WOULD PROVE INDEPENDENT OF WHAT BOURDIEU CALLS THE HISTORICAL LABOUR OF DEHISTORICIZING THE PROCESS OF OVERALL SEXUALISATION OF COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO CATEGORIES DERIVED FROM THE ANDOCENTRIC UNCONSCIOUS.

The Fiction of Gender Constructing the Fiction of Nation: On How Fictions Are Normative, and Norms Produce Exceptions

Author(s): Rada Iveković / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

THE FICTION OF GENDER CONSTRUCTING THE FICTION OF NATION: ON HOW FICTIONS ARE NORMATIVE, AND NORMS PRODUCE EXCEPTIONS, “NATION”, CLAIMING AN IMAGINARY COMMON BIRTH, RECONSTRUCTS ITSELF A POSTERIORI AS A REALITY AS IF IT HAD ALWAYS EXISTED. IT NEEDS PATRIARCHY FOR THIS. BOTH THE GENDER DIVISION, AS WELL AS THE EXCLUSION ON WHICH THE NATION IS ESTABLISHED, THOUGH CAUSALLY INTERTWINED, EXPRESS THE SAME UNIVERSAL "SHARING/SPLITTING OF REASON" (PARTAGE DE LA RAISON). BOTH CLAIM “NATURE” ESSENTIALISING THE INEQUALITY AS NATURAL. REASON IS NORMATIVE, ESPECIALLY IN ITS DIVIDED FORM. THE SEX (OR GENDER) DIFFERENCE IS POLITICAL. IT IS THE POLITICAL DIFFÉREND REPRESENTING THE HETEROSEXUAL NORMATIVE PARADIGM THROUGH SYMBOLIC ANALOGIES, FOR OTHER INJUSTICES AND INEQUALITIES. IT IS A HIERARCHY INCLUDING WOMEN AS SUBORDINATE. IT IS THE DICHOTOMY THAT FIXES GENDER AND SEX, NOT THE OPPOSITE. THE SEXUAL DIFFERENCE IS A VERY POWERFUL IDEA SHOWING THE INADEQUACY OF THE SELF WITH ITSELF.

Identity and Liberal Culture

Author(s): Tijana Milosavljević-Čajetinac / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

IF WE UNDERSTAND SELF AS A COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION, EXPRESSED AND CREATED THROUGH THE PROCESS OF SELF-REPRESENTING AND THAT THE ESSENTIAL GENRE OF SELF-REPRESENTING IS NARRATIVE, THE IDENTITY WILL APPEAR AS A MATTER OF RELATIONS MADE WITHIN OUR LINGUISTIC COMMUNITY, NOT OF SOME “PRIMORDIAL SUBJECT” TO WHICH ALL INDIVIDUAL IDENTITIES SHOULD RESPOND. THAT'S WHY INTROSPECTION, TENDING TO FIND SOME "REAL GROUND OF THE SELF" SEEMS HOPELESS… TWO EXTREME EXAMPLES IN SERBIAN MEDIEVAL HISTORY AND MYTHOLOGY ILLUSTRATE THE ROLE OF WOMAN AS A REAL TRAUMATIC ONE WITHIN THE SYMBOLIC CONSTRUCTION. THE FIRST ONE IS THE WELL KNOWN MYTH THE BUILDING OF SKADAR – ALREADY FULLY ANALYZED IN BRANKA ARSIĆ'S TEXT "QUEER SERBS" –AND THE SECOND IS A HISTORICAL PERSON – DAMNED JERINA. IN BOTH CASES, THE TOPIC IS THE BUILDING OF A TOWN/FORTRESS AND THE KEY ROLES ARE GIVEN TO WOMEN. WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO PROBLEMATIZE HERE, RELATED TO THESE EXAMPLES, IS THE MANIPULATION WITH GUILT IN STRUCTURING THE FEMALE IDENTITY AND TO TRY TO SHOW HOW THIS PROJECTION OF GUILT TO THE OTHER FIGURED IN THE EX-YUGOSLAV CONFLICT AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE.

The Politics of Representation as a Projection of Identity: Female Body in Context of its Oriental Construction in Serbian Art

Author(s): Simona Čupić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

THIS ARTICLE DEALS WITH QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE NATURE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE FEMALE BODY WITHIN THE SO-CALLED “ORIENTAL” DISCOURSE IN SERBIAN ART: WHO IS THE PAINTER? FOR WHOM IS THE WORK PAINTED? WITH WHOM IS THE WORK IDENTIFIED? WITH WHAT OTHER POSSIBILITIES OF IDENTIFICATION DOES THE WORK LEAVE US? IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL CODES, A STANCE TOWARDS A BODY IS SEEN AS A PROJECTION OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND POWER IMPULSES. IN THE FIRST CASE STUDIED, THE ARTIST, DJORDJE KRSTIC, WAS A MALE COMMISSIONED BY THE SERBIAN COURT TO PAINT A SERIES OF PAINTINGS FOR THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION AND FOREIGNERS. IN THE SECOND CASE STUDY, THE ARTIST, PAJA JOVANOVIC, WAS ALSO A MALE, A SERB WORKING IN VIENNA, WHO PAINTED FOR THE AUDIENCE OF THE “REAL EUROPE” FROM THE POSITION OF AN ALTERNATIVE IDENTITY. THE THIRD CASE STUDY FOCUSES ON A FEMALE ARTIST, BABETT BACHMAYER VUKANOVIC, WHO WAS BORN IN GERMANY BUT AFTER MARRYING A SERB MOVED TO HER HUSBAND’S HOMELAND. VISUAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF FEMALE BODIES ARE USED AS THE STARTING POINT FOR THE DECONSTRUCTION OF GENDER-RELATED QUESTIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN IGNORED IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE ÉPOQUE.

The Construction of Woman's Identity in Socialism: The Case of Slovenia

Author(s): Milica Antić Gaber,Ksenija Vidmar Horvat / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

THE PAPER EXAMINES THE SOCIAL, POLITICAL, LEGAL AND CULTURAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF WOMAN’S IDENTITY IN POST- WORLD WAR 2 SLOVENIA. IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, SOCIALIST DOCTRINE DISASSOCIATED ITSELF SHARPLY FROM WESTERN FEMINISM THAT IT SAW AS AN IDEOLOGICAL OUTLET OF THE BOURGEOIS CONSCIOUSNESS. INSTEAD, THE »WOMAN'S QUESTION« WAS PROMOTED AS, IN THE WORDS OF THE LEADING POST-WAR SLOVENE IDEOLOGUE VIDA TOMSIC, AN INTEGRAL QUESTION OF OVERALL MATERIAL AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. HOWEVER, SCHOLARS OF GENDER IN THE FORMER SOCIALIST BLOC HAVE ARGUED THAT IN THE EFFORTS TO CONTROL WOMEN'S ROLE IN SOCIETY, THE OFFICIAL DISCOURSE AND POLITICS CREATED A SPECIFIC SOCIALIST DICHOTOMY BETWEEN THE PRIVATE AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE WHICH WAS THE EXACT OPPOSITE OF THE WESTERN SOCIETIES: WHEREAS IN THE WEST, THE FEMINIST DISCOURSES LOCATED THE PUBLIC SPHERE AS THE SITE OF THE STRUGGLE FOR GENDER EQUALITY, AND STROVE TO LIBERATE WOMAN FROM HER »DOMESTIC CONTAINMENT«, IN THE SOCIALIST SOCIETY, IT WAS THE PRIVATE SPHERE WHICH PRESENTED ITSELF AS A SPHERE OF FREEDOM AND RESISTANCE. ISOLATED FROM STATE IMPOSED POLITICS OF »WOMAN'S LIBERATION« IN THE WORKPLACE, THE SPHERES OF FAMILY LIFE AND DOMESTICITY OFFERED TO WOMEN AN IDEOLOGICAL SANCTUARY TO CONSTRUCT THEIR OWN IDENTITIES AS WELL AS A TERRAIN TO CONTEST THE SOCIALIST PARADIGM OF WOMANHOOD. THE PAPER LOOKS AT THE IDEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL COMPLEXITIES OF THIS DICHOTOMY OF GENDER FROM THE SPECIFIC VANTAGE POINT OF SOCIALIST SLOVENIA. IT DEFINES A DISTINCT GEO-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC POSITION OF SLOVENIA AND DISCUSS THE INFLUENCE OF PARTY IDEOLOGY IN WHICH EYES WOMEN WERE MORE OR LESS ONLY COMRADES AND WORKING MOTHERS ON THE ONE SIDE AND WESTERN FEMINISM WHICH THESE WOMEN MOSTLY SAW AS DOUBLE-BURDENED AND DE-FEMINISED WOMEN ON THE OTHER AS WELL AS THEIR MULTI-CULTURAL EXPERIENCES OF EVERYDAY LIVES ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOMEN'S IDENTITY. IT ALSO ADDRESSES THE ROLE OF MASS CULTURE AND CONSUMERISM AS IMPORTANT SITES OF CONTESTATION AVAILABLE TO WOMEN IN THEIR DAILY LIVES ESPECIALLY THROUGH ADVERTISING AND WOMEN'S MAGAZINES. THE PAPER OBSERVES IDEOLOGICAL CLASHES BETWEEN SOCIALIST IDEOLOGY AND THE WESTERN-STYLE IMAGERY AS THEY STRUGGLE TO DEFINE WOMAN'S IDENTITY UNDER THE GROWING PRESSURE OF LIBERALIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION OF SOCIETY.

The Father/Son Relationship: On Constructing Masculinity in the Contemporary Serbian Novel

Author(s): Tatjana Rosić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

THE PAPER FOCUSES ON THE THE POSITION OF SON/NARATOR IN CONTEMPORARY SERBIAN NOVEL. ALTHOUGH STILL THE PRIVILEGED INHERITOR OF ALL SYMBOLIC GOODS OF PATRIARCHAL COMMUNITY, THE SON/NARATOR IS NO LONGER IN AN ABSOLUTELY DESIRABLY BUT IN A MARGINAL AND OUTSIDERISH POSITION WHICH REVEALS SIGNIFICANT CULTURAL SHIFTS AND SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN POSTMODERN NARRATIVE STRATEGIES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF NEW CONCEPTS OF MASCULINITIES IN SERBIAN CULTURE.

Violence against Women in France: Actions and New Tools: The 7 Golden Rules of conduct to follow

Author(s): Efstratia Oktapoda / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

According to the High Council for Equality between Women and Men (HCE/fh) in France, “Violence against women is the basis of inequalities between women and men. They fuel on the one hand the feeling of domination among the perpetrators, and on the other hand the feeling of fear and loss of self-confidence among the victims.” (Bousquet, D. and al., 2016, p. 7) . The same study points out that “women are still widely considered to be responsible for the sexual violence they endure.” (p.7)

IDEÁLNA CESTA NEVESTY VE STREDOVEKU

Author(s): Patrik Pastrnak / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

One of the most important events in the life of a medieval woman was the journey of a bride. As a part of the nuptials this journey consisted of numerous ceremonies and rites. Along with thisjourney a woman was transferred from childhood to adulthood, from the authority of her father to the authority of her husband. Thus, it was not only the journey in a geographical point of view, but in a symbolical one as well. Despite the fact that virtually every medieval highborn woman set out on this journey, only one normative source concerning an ideal version of the journey is preserved. It is De institutione vivendi by Neapolitan nobleman Diomede Carafa and it was written as a wedding gift for Beatrix of Aragon and Matthias Corvinus in 1476. De institutione contains the genre aspects of a mirror for the queen and an guide for the journey. This unusual part – guide for the journey could have be added by an initiave of addressee, queen Beatrix, or more likely it was an invention of the author himself. Apart from advice on how to travel, how to take care of servants and household etc., Carafa recommends the young queen to seize this way as a chance. The chance to prepare herself for her future life and to visit special places and persons during the journey in order to get a personal prestige which will be vital to her fate. Beatrix is supposed to visit devotional places, important persons (pope, cardinals, her elder sister Eleonora, duchess of Ferrara). As a preparation for her future life she should gain every valuable information by which she would achieve the grace of her husband and mother-in-law – the information about how to govern one‘s household, how to learn the language of her new kingdom. An ideal journey of the bride, at least according to Diomede Carafa, is a well spent preparation for the future life and the role of queen. It is a time of maturation which may facilitate the process of transition.