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Amulet z Pafos z formułą magiczną zapisaną jako palindrom

Author(s): Joachim Śliwa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

In 2011, archeologists from the Jagiellonian University found an interesting object in Nea Paphos in Cyprus. The object was a round tablet with a magical text in the form of a palindrome and, on its other side, with schematic drawings of Harpocrates, Osiris, a crocodile, a cock, a serpent, a star and a crescent. The amulet was probably made in the Syro-Palestinian region in the late 5th century AD, when the official religion was Christianity, but Egyptian beliefs were still vivid.

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Digesta po polsku

Author(s): Anna Tarwacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

A review of the first four volumes of the edition and Polish translation of Justinian’s Digest done by Tomasz Palmirski and a team under his guidance. The volumes contain books I–XXVII.

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Cohors V Breucorum: istorie, mobilitate, prosopografie

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Cohors V Breucorum: istorie, mobilitate, prosopografie

Author(s): Ionuţ Acrudoae / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 61/2015

The auxiliary unit entitled cohors V Breucorum was created after the bellum Pannonicum from 6-9 AD, probably at the same time with the other Breucorum units (I to IIII and VI to VIII). In the first century AD, cohors V Breucorum was stationed in Pannonia, but from the end of that century it was moved to Noricum, where it stayed until the second half of the third century, when it disappeared from the written sources. The epigraphic material emphasized eight militaries from this unit in a course of two and a half centuries of existence, most of them being recruited from Pannonia and Noricum.

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Gajusz Oktawiusz i II kampania hiszpańska Cezara. Przyczynek do badań nad augustiańską propagandą historyczną

Author(s): Michał Norbert Faszcza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2015

The author’s aim was to present two literary traditions which refer to the way in which the image of Gaius Octavius, who went on to become Emperor Augustus, which was created in order to legitimate his assumption of power, was presented. The first episode where these traditions are so distinctly perceptible is Gaius Julius Caesar’s second Hispanian campaign (46—45 BC). The representatives of the first tradition (Nicholas of Damascus, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus) attempted to emphasise Octavius’s personal qualities which were supposed to make him a vigorous and resolute leader. This suggests that the sources of this tradition should be sought in the period of the civil wars when Octavius had to face above all the challenge presented by Mark Anthony in the context of propaganda. Whereas the representatives of the second tradition (Velleius Paterculus, Dio Cassius) no longer attempted to emphasise the purported achievements of Octavius and they concentrated instead on the question of legitimisation resulting from the appurtenance to Caesar’s family. This may indicate that the tradition emerged in the period when one was no longer obliged to be held accountable for the doubtful military achievements of the years 44—36 BC, and what results from the following: when one was no longer obliged to respond to political invectives hurled by his adversaries. In this approach instead of emphasising military accomplishments it was much more important to indicate the decision that was made by Caesar, and perhaps the vaticinal signs, for such a distinguished individual as the murdered dictator doubtlessly was, could not misjudge the talents of the successor whose greatness was even foretold by the gods themselves.

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Ocena historyków i historiografii w „Historia Augusta” (w żywotach przypisywanych Flaviusowi Vopiscusowi)

Author(s): Robert Suski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2015

Heretofore little importance was attached to considerations connected with ancient historians presented in “Historia Augusta”, in the biographies bear the name of Flavius Vopiscus of Syracuse. However, these brief texts perhaps may enable us to understand the reason for which the author concealed his name by using six pseudonyms, and they account for the way in which he approached work with the sources. In the principal biographies of the Antonines and the Severi he drew from the imperial biographies by Marius Maximus whose work was positively evaluated in his considerations. The work contained information which was of paramount importance for the imperial biography such as the origin of the ruler or a description of his character. In the subsequent part of the “Historia Augusta” its creator used other sources which represented such literary genres as history and breviaria. We may infer from Scriptor’s methodological considerations that he held these literary genres in low estimation; he did not mention even one author of these sources. This supposedly influenced his polemical attitude to these source materials and the way in which he used them — he frequently interspersed their narrations with themes drawn from the works of other historians.

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Temps, espace, mémoire dans la culture mésopotamienne

Author(s): Teodora Costache / Language(s): French Issue: IV/2018

Time and space were the core of the Mesopotamian civilization. They were the principles by which the Mesopotamians guided themselves, be they kings or simple citizens of the Empire. Time was considered to be a primordial element, being treated with the utmost respect, and, was perceived in a counter-intuitive way, as if the past was the future, and vice-versa. Time allowed the Mesopotamians to be one of the first history-oriented civilization, as they always used the events in the past to avoid mistakes in the present, and in the same time to pay respect to their ancestors. For them, time was not linear, but cyclic, and everything that had a beginning had to have an ending. Since time in the beginning was at its purest condition, we can assume that the end of time should also bring this purity and serenity back. Space was also a very important concept that created the Mesopotamian civilization, being the instrument par excellence of the royal ideology, as the Mesopotamians always defined themselves in opposition with the enemies, by an interior-exterior/good-bad discourse. Space was also important as it allowed self-knowledge, and self-improvement by means of voyages, that very often transgressed the limits of the known world.

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SACRED SPACE IN TORAH

Author(s): Ionut Constantin / Language(s): English Issue: IV/2018

Sacredness is the fundamental characteristic characterizing the Old Testament. Its foundations are found in the Old Testament, especially in the book of Leviticus. The people and anything else encountering YHWH had to be sanctified, otherwise it would bear the consequences.

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LE CARACTÈRE ET L’HISTOIRE DU TRAITE GALÉNIQUE DE DIGNOTIONE EX INSOMNIIS

Author(s): Mijomir Mecu / Language(s): French Issue: IV/2018

This study presents the arguments advanced by various philologists regarding the nature and history of the galenic treatise De dignotione ex insomniis and discusses the proofs from a (philo)logical point of view.

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Marble in the Roman World (II BC - AD II)

Author(s): Adriana-Geanina Butiseacă / Language(s): English Issue: IV/2018

Rocks and minerals always fascinated people who used them as jewelleries, make-up, construction material, to build roads, aqueducts, but above all-they used them to express themselves, to express art. My study is focused both on the economic and the artistic sides and for this paper I chose as a subject the marble due to the extraordinary attention that was given to it inside the Roman Empire during the antiquity. The romans started to excavate and use rocks first at local scale – from and within the Italian Peninsula. The appetite grew with the expansion of the roman dominance and it got more and more diverse while the empire was engulfing new territories. We are speaking here about every possible stone that you can imagine. Everything that could cost something was brought to Rome. It is the case of marble too which had a sort of VIP status due to her physical properties. The goal of this paper is to make the connection between geology, archaeology and art and present history through another perspective, through perspective of marble.

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The Influence of Events and Scandals on the Market of Antiquities from North-Mediterranean Countries

Author(s): Bianca Hălălău,Fernando Sánchez-Lasheras,Francisco Javier de Cos Juez / Language(s): English Issue: IV/2018

Conservation of cultural heritage is directly influenced by domestic and international economic and political pressure. In the last decades, new categories of consumers have emerged on the antiquities markets that put pressure on the antiquities market, felt in the member countries of the European Union. In the present research, the Kruskal-Wallis test is used to determine the impact that illicit events in the field of cultural heritage and antiquities market has on the auction price. The accuracy of this approach is tested in a real background consisting of a database of 8893 objects or series of objects marketed between 1991 and 2015. The results of research show that the great scandals caused by criminal offenses or suspicious practices that we have described and we included in our prediction model shows that these cases have immediate effects in the market.

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Texte magice egiptene antice

Author(s): Miron Ciho / Language(s): Romanian Issue: V/2019

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Water. Instrument and Judge of the Mesopotamian Witch

Author(s): Elena Isabela Popa / Language(s): English Issue: V/2019

This article is a selective review of the roles that water played in the Mesopotamian imaginary. It is not only a natural resource that sustains the people’s daily existence, but it is also the embodiment of a plethora of terrifying forces that could both help and harm the humans. Sometimes water could act as a tool in the hands of malevolent individuals, such as the witch and warlock, whose main purpose is to bring misfortune to their peers, but the same element is considered to hold supernatural powers and could impersonate human roles such as the ones of judge and sometimes executioner of those who use it with evil intentions.

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Galen and his Legacy concerning Humoral Theory and Diet: De subtiliante dieta

Author(s): Gabriela-Florentina Doțe,Agatha-Cristiana Georgescu / Language(s): English Issue: V/2019

Through this paper, we want to analyze the evolution of Ancient Hippocratic philosophy regarding the humoral theory (the medical concept humorism or humoralism) synthesized by Galen and spread through space and time because of his writings. Starting from Galen's work, De Subtiliante Diaeta, we will try to see how the diet, especially one rich in liquids, modifies the ratio between the four constituent elements of the organism and therefore influences the individual`s relationship with their water and food supply needed for proper bodily functions.In drawing up this analysis we will pursue both a historiographical approach, regarding Galen's theory, as well as a systematic approach to the primary source. The relationship a man has with the water he drinks or extracts from the consumed food is approached by all written cultures, from the beginning of history to the present day, water being the main necessary element of survival. As many of the Ancient, Medieval and Pre-Modern conceptions have their root in the humoral theories of Hippocrates and Galen, the issue becomes even more relevant as drinking water was not easily accessible (compared to the Contemporary period in developed countries), and water-rich foods provided a great supply of liquids.

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A mundus Cereris szerepe Róma alapításában

Author(s): Tamás Magdus / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

One of the most important rites of passage associated with the goddess Ceres was the opening of the mundus. The mundus was an object in Rome, the opening of which was a state ritual and held on special occasions. As long as the mundus was open, the spirits of the dead roamed the world, so any activity carried out at that time was threatened by bad omens. Much controversy surrounds the issue of the mundus, since we do not know the form of its appearance, its exact location and origin are also shrouded in darkness. In our study, we are looking for the answer to how Ceres, as an agricultural deity, was connected to the duality of life and death, why the mundus is connected to her figure, and how this appears in the works of Roman authors. We would also like to pay attention to how the mundus Cereris came to be when Rome was founded, what its purpose was and what it could mean to the Romans of the time.

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Marcus Tullius Cicero: Levelek (Kr. e. 45–44)

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Marcus Tullius Cicero: Levelek (Kr. e. 45–44)

Author(s): Sebestyén Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

Marcus Tullius Cicero: Levelek (Kr. e. 45–44). Fordította: Havas László, Óbis Hajnalka. Budapest, Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem – L’Harmattan Kiadó, 2021

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A városi követségek helyi szabályozása a Római Birodalomban

Author(s): Imre Áron Illés / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2023

The aim of this study is to briefly present the most important features of Roman municipal embassies, mainly on the basis of Roman legal sources (municipal laws and late Roman codification), with brief but far from exhaustive references to some literary and inscriptional sources. Accordingly, I will describe the process of appointing ambassadors, the most important exemptions, and other reasons that, in the interests of the city, prevented someone from becoming an ambassador; the conditions under which a deputy could be appointed; how the funding of embassies was managed; and the consequences of not or not properly performing the duties of an ambassador.

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Roman Religion in the Danubian Provinces: Space Sacralisation and Religious Communication during the Principate (1st–3rd Century AD). By Csaba Szabó.

Author(s): Tünde Vágási / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Roman Religion in the Danubian Provinces: Space Sacralisation and Religious Communication during the Principate (1st–3rd Century AD). By Csaba Szabó. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2022. 312 pp.

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Notes on Medical Practice in Southern Dalmatia (Testimonies from the Eastern Adriatic Coast and Its Hinterland)

Author(s): Gligor M. Samardžić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This paper presents testimonies of ancient medical practices in the southern part of the province of Dalmatia. Epigraphic records and archaeological discoveries reveal the presence of physicians and their healthcare practices among the population of southern Dalmatia during Roman rule. Evidence from inscriptions that detail patient care from that era, alongside a limited number of physical artefacts related to medical practice, supports the existence of this tradition. These discoveries hold great historical significance, providing clearer insight and understanding of medical practices in ancient southern Dalmatia.

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Információs haszon vagy veszteség? II. Sarrukín asszír király i. e. 714-es urartui hadjáratának értelmezési családjai

Author(s): Tamás Kristóf Árvai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2024

The text of the 8th campaign of Sargon II of Assyria (714 B.C.) was published in 1912 by François Thureau-Dangin. What should a scholar at the beginning of the 20th century do with such a text? The French Assyriologist laid down the direction of the research: to reconstruct the campaign in space (historical geography) and time (chronology). These aspects dominated the research until the end of the 20th century. Leo Oppenheim was the first, who in the year 1960 asked a completely different question: What function did the text fulfil in contemporary Assyrian society? Italian scholars like Carlo Zaccagnini or Frederick Mario Fales began to ask the same question from the 1980s. This new perspective became a paradigm shift in the interpretation of the 8th campaign of Sargon II of Assyria. Thomas S. Kuhn – who constructed the concept of paradigm shift – observed, that scholars belonging to the same paradigm refer only to the studies of their own “family” in the footnotes and bibliographies of their works. This is true also in the case of the interpretation of the 8th campaign of Sargon II. My investigation is to show the historiography of these two – modern and postmodern – paradigms.

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