Handover of the buildings and equipment remaining after the dissolution of the Pauline monastery in Leśna Podlaska in 1864 to the Eastern Orthodox Church and its further history

Author(s): Dorota WEREDA / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2019

In Leśna Podlaska, the image of Mother of God has been an object of worship since 1683. In 1727, the Leśna parish was taken over by monks from the Pauline Order. In 1875, on the basis of Tsar Alexander II's decree, the church in Leśna Podlaska, together with the venerated image, the great altar, and votive offerings, were handed over to the Eastern Orthodox Church. The remaining furnishings were transferred to 18 parish churches of the liquidated dioceses of Podlasie and Lublin. The organ was transferred to All Saints Church in Warsaw. The book collection of the Pauline monks from Leśna was donated to the library of the seminary in Lublin. In the years 1879–1881, the exterior of the church was changed, giving the building an appearance characteristic of Orthodox Church temples. Leśna Podlaska became an important centre of Russification policy carried out by Russia.

Europejczyk odkrywa Wschód. Lewant w latach 1096– 1127/28 jako pogranicze trzech cywilizacji i miejsce poszerzania horyzontu geograficznego – analiza źródłoznawcza

Author(s): Dawid Gołąb / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

Zamojski dwór Marii Kazimiery d’Arquien w latach 1658–1665. Uwagi wstępne nad jego organizacją, funkcją i znaczeniem

Author(s): Jarosław Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2019

Proměny etnografických časopisů Slovácka v letech 1936–1950

Author(s): Viktor Janák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 61/2021

From the first half of 1930s until the 1950s, the society of Slovácko as well as the entire Czechoslovak Republic faced significant changes. These changes were inevitably reflected even in areas such as ethnography. Associations and groups, addressing the ethnography of Slovácko in this period, published their own periodicals. Their contributors were both members of these associations and renowned professionals. Their narrative was obviously dependent on the regime as an external source of influence which affected directly or indirectly the quality and direction of ethnographers. One of the changes related to the ethnography of the period was the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; as a consequence, ethnographers had to face pressure from Nazi authorities, and each group of ethnographers dealt with this pressure in a different way. Some were trying to maintain pure ethnography, and the pressure from the outside resulted in publication of contributions to satisfy the governing group which, however, did not change the nature of ethnography. In contrast, other groups were influenced by the pressure to such an extent that they compromised ethnography.

The Road to Freedom?

Author(s): Marie Ryantová / Language(s): English Issue: 62/2022

The contribution draws attention to members of ecclesiastical orders who left the Bohemian Lands after White Mountain and consequently underwent conversion. The situation of ecclesiastical orders in general was closely linked with this phenomenon, which did not in the end achieve too widespread expansion. Many monastic institutions in the Bohemian Lands met with difficult developments in the Hussite and post-Hussite period and consequently experienced a deep crisis in the Early Modern Period. This also concerned the Order of Preachers, in other words, the Dominicans. One of the renegade members of this order was Jiří Holík, who fled over the border in September of the year 1666, and even obtained the position of preacher to the Bohemian exile community, which he, however, quickly lost due to failure to meet his duties. He published a range of non-Catholic books and finally settled in Riga and achieved fame as the author of books dedicated to gardening. Departures across the border from Church orders, with consequent conversion, are also attested to for members of other orders, who can later be found among the authors of so-called revocation preaching (Revocations-Predigte, sometimes also Wiederrufs-Predigte), in other words, preaching in which the authors publicly renounced their Catholic faith and declared their conversion to the Evangelical confession. The study presents three of them: the former Prague Augustinian Gottfried (Godefridus) Rabe, the Franciscan and preacher in Plzeň Raimund(us) Rzimsky and the Český Krumlov functioning Franciscan Walther Busch. These clergymen mostly later justified their departure to the Protestant regions and the related abandonment of their relevant order and conversion by objections to the Catholic confession. A role could have undoubtedly been played, however, by attempts to avoid the rules of the order, understood as being of a binding nature. Conversion to Protestantism could therefore be not only a liberation from ‘incorrect’ confessions, but also a personal liberation, which of course had its limits under the new conditions. The actual motives for the departure and conversion of the original monastics and their actual experiences have remained, however, hidden.

Epilog zbójnickiego żywota

Author(s): Urszula Janicka-Krzywda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

Robbery in the Carpathians and the Carpathian Foothills region lasted from the early 16th till the mid-19th century, causing problems first for Poland and next, after the Partitions of Poland, for the Austrians who struggled with this phenomenon with varying success., In times before the Partitions, the person responsible for the prosecution of crime was called Starosta Grodowy. However, the best results were achieved by summary courts called Standrecht, introduced in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in late 18th century. In cases of robbery courts sentenced to the so-called qualified death, which meant quartering, tortures on a breaking wheel, impalement or dismemberment by horses, often preceded by mutilation: cutting arms, legs or ears, gouging eyes out or flaying. The most “deserving” criminals were sentenced to death by hanging on a hook by the inferior rib. The executions took place in the city markets or more often in special places of execution, located outside the settlements usually on a nearby hill. The convict was accompanied to the place of execution by members of judicial panel and priests.

L’ITALIA E IL CONFLITTO DOGANALE AUSTRO-SERBO (1906 1911). PREVISIONI, STRATEGIE, SOLUZIONI

Author(s): Fabrizio Rudi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 71/2022

The way in which Italian diplomacy paid attention to the two phases of the Austro-Serbian customs war of 1906–1911 is the subject of this essay, which proposes a complete and careful examination of the problem on the basis of diplomatic sources, both published and unpublished, Italian and Serbian, compared with each other. Great attention will then be paid to the state of Italian-Serbian trade in the most acute phase of the customs conflict and how the Italian-Serbian trade treaty of 14 January 1907 was stipulated, what it envisaged, and how its contents influenced the negotiations for a new Austro-Serbian trade treaty in 1910.

Bazylejski mieszczanin w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów – Reinhard Wasserhun (1586–1652) i jego sztambuch

Author(s): Robert T. Tomczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2022

The aim of the article is to present the journey of burgher from Basel – Reinhard Wasserhun (1586–1652) to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was part of his Grand Tour. R. Wasserhun stayed in the lands subordinate to the Polish-Lithuanian state for less than two months in 1614 (entries from 15 september to 13 november), where he visited at least Gdańsk, Malbork, Królewiec, Szczytno, Warszawa, Elbląg and Kraków and met with a total of 42 people. The itinerary of his stay in Poland and Prussia, as well as the circle of people he met during his journey, have been reconstructed (and statistically compiled) on the basis of the extensive album amicorum kept by R. Wasserhun during his journey. In addition to presenting his stay in the Polish state, the article aims to analyse R. Wasserhun’s journeys in the context of the self-creation of the Calvinist burgher in Poland, as well as to indicate the type of journey Wasserhun made during the „Polish” stage of his peregrination. How was this type diff erent from the type of journey he made in the Kingdom of Bohemia. The study of the above mentioned topics is also a contribution to a more in-depth source analysis of the entire album amicorum of R. Wasserhun, which is part of a vast social network of European intellectuals.

Duńskie koncepcje Origo gentis w nowożytnej historiografii

Author(s): Krystyna Szelągowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2022

The aim of this paper is to show how Early Modern (16th and 17th centuries) Danish historiography, within the pursuit of the goal of forming a new vision of national history, constructed the new theory of the nation’s origin. Simultaneosly, the paper att empts to trace the dependencies on the medieval heritage and present the evolution of the ideas. To fullfi l those goals, the confrontation of medieval theories (Saxo Grammaticus, Annales Ryenses and the Danish Rhymed Chronicle) with the Early Modern creations was performer, with the purpose of pointing which elements were preserved and which needed to be supplemented. The Bible and the ancient classical historians and geographers delivered necessary information to the scholars (Niels Pedersen – Petreius, Claus Lyschander, Niels Strelow) making it possible to proof the Cimbrian origin of the Danish nation. The ways in which this reasoning was accomplished show the variety of forms and methodological approaches together with diff erent ideological standpoints.

Monotematické číslo na tému: na ceste k modernej spoločnovovekunosti – tri storočia

Author(s): / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2022

Editorial.

Profesionalizácia uhorského meštianstva a začiatky Bildungsbürgertumu v mestách Uhorského kráľovstva

Author(s): István H. Németh / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2022

NÉMETH, István. The Professionalization of the Bourgeoisie and the Beginnings of the Bildungsbürgertum in the Cities of the Kingdom of Hungary. Historický časopis, 2022, 70, 4, pp. 609–637, Bratislava.In Hungarian historiography, the term Bildungsbürgertum is primarily used to describe the bourgeoisie of the 19th century, although German historiography dates the roots of the term back to the 16th and 17th centuries. The content of the term also differs between Hungarian and German historiography: Hungarian historiography, using primarily Péter Hanák‘s definition, uses the term to refer to the free-spirited intellectuals, while German historiography generally uses the term to refer to the educated intellectuals, including clergy, state officials, etc.I describe a process in the context of the ruling elite of the city of Košice that also indicates the extent to which the higher level of society was diverse. By the beginning of the 18th century, the elite in this city was made up of a very wide variety of persons of higher status, which I will show by means of a prosopographical analysis. However, the members of the elite were also very closely related, an analysis which I have carried out primarily on the basis of the registers of births. In the course of the analysis, I will show that even in this early phase of the Hungarian bourgeoisie, a qualified class of city leaders with knowledge of state administration was formed, or was beginning to form, which was very diverse in its social relations: it extended its network of contacts to the local bourgeoisie, the state official class and the local nobility. This heterogeneous group was bound together by a very mixed sense of order and occupation, which also created this socially distinct, intermediate layer. I present the early history and development of this group.

Nowożytne naczynia szklane z działki z domniemaną karczmą miejską przy rynku w Radomiu

Author(s): Sebastian Siembora / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2022

In the article, a modern-period collection of glass material discovered during the archaeological excavations carried out on a plot at the frontage of the market square in Radom have been presented. A detailed study of finds classified as glass tableware was performed. Distinctive features of different forms of vessels, mainly those used for drinking, have been presented with references to analogous finds from archaeological excavations in Poland. The results of an analysis of chemical composition of glass for selected artefacts were discussed and the history of glassmaking in the region was outlined. The artefacts have been identified as a part of equipment of a modern-period inn and they were interpreted against a broader historical background, including the history of the city and the knowledge on the functioning of inns on Polish lands in the modern-period. The presented article is the first published study of a glass collection that was discovered at an archaeological site with an inn.

Casa Prefectului din Turnu Măgurele, ultimul martor conservat al unui ansamblu istoric de la sfârşitul secolului al XIX-lea

Author(s): Stângă Alexandra / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2022

The house located on Calea Dunării 1, in the municipality of Turnu Măgurele, known by the historic name of the Prefect's House, is a local historic monument built in 1890, at the same time as the Administrative Palace, the headquarters of the Teleorman County prefecture, which is no longer preserved. The dating of the Prefect's House is supported by the construction authorization document given by the city mayor on May 20/June 1, 1890. The original builder was a certain Frantz Barth, a professional from the locality. In 1900, only a decade after construction, it was necessary to conduct the first consolidation works and radical repairs to both buildings, under the coordination of Ilie S. Mateescu, another local entrepreneur, and based on an estimate by architect Ion D. Berindei. The building is made in the manner of French school eclecticism, specific to the end of the 19th Century, in accordance with the stylistic orientation of the main building, the Administrative Palace, which it replicates on a smaller scale. The historic monument had the original function of a service residence for the prefect in office and reflects a certain standard of living as well as aesthetic options specific to the period.

ЛИКВИДИРАНЕТО НА МАЛАРИЯТА В НАШАТА СТРАНА И ПРИНОСЪТ НА ВАРНЕНСКИЯ ИНСТИТУТ ЗА БОРБА С МАЛАРИЯТА В ТОЗИ ПРОЦЕС

Author(s): Aneta Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Malaria has been known in Bulgarian territory since ancient times. The social significance of this parasitosis is determined by the severe consequences for people’s health and the country’s economy. The study traces and analyzes the methods and means of the fight against malaria in the period between 1910 and 1957 with the latter marking the last case of locally transmitted malaria registered in Varna region. The main articles and the contribution of the Varna health specialists, who were involved in the eradication of the disease, were examined. Special attention was paid to the activities of the Varna Institute for the Fight against Malaria (1945-1948) in population prevention, treatment of the sick, conducting remedial measures in swampy areas, and development of scientific activity.

Archaeological research results of the settlement micro-region in the area of Ulów in Middle Roztocze in the light of the project "Roztocze - the ancient terra incognita?..."

Author(s): Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska / Language(s): English Issue: 85/2017

Many years of archaeological research near Ulów in the Middle Roztocze contributed to the discovery of a multicultural settlement complex, functioning from the Palaeolithic to the 17th/18th century, refuting the existing myth of Roztocze as a white spot on the map of prehistoric settlement. The results of an archaeological research became the basis for the implementation of the project “Roztocze – the ancient terra incognita? (Settlement micro-region in the area of Ulów in Middle Roztocze in the prehistory and its background. Interdisciplinary studies)”. Comprehensive and interdisciplinary research has enabled the reconstruction of settling processes in the micro-region of Ulów in prehistory and in the Modern Age. The main reason for the rise of a multicultural enclave, encompassed by areas devoid of traces of the prehistoric settlement, should be seen in the favourable environmental conditions. Many aspects of the ritual and everyday life of particular archaeological cultures populations recorded in Ulów, do not find analogies in other areas of Poland. A series of several dozen radiocarbon dates confirmed all the stages of the Ulów micro-region settlement recorded in the archaeological sources. It also highlighted a whole range of the problems related to the interpretation of some cultural phenomena, especially with regard to the intensive settlement of the Corded Ware culture and the Wielbark culture, as well as the early phase of the Migration Period and initial phases of the early Middle Ages.

DIN CARLINGA AVIONULUI ÎN CELULA ÎNCHISORII. BIOGRAFIA AVIATORULUI CONSTANTIN AGARICI

Author(s): Lucian Vasile / Language(s): Romanian Issue: V seria 3/2023

Perhaps undeservedly overshadowed by his cousin, Horia Agarici,the one known as the "hunter of Bolsheviks" or the "savior of Constanta",Constantin Agarici was, like his relative, an excellent pilot who flew under thetricolor cockade on the eastern front. Participation in the Second World War wasonly one chapter in a much more complex and, unfortunately, tragic biography. Involved after 1945 in the activity of the British Military Missions, ConstantinAgarici collaborated with the intelligence officers of the Western secret services. Exposed and arrested, the former aviator experienced a long and difficult prisonterm as a political prisoner in communist Romania. Freed in 1964, Constantin Agarici wore the stamp of a former political prisoner until the end of his life. After 1989, his memory remained somewhat in the shadows, both as a result of the revival of the myth of his cousin and the importance that the memory of his mother acquired, the woman receiving the distinction of " Righteous Among the Nations" for her courageous actions from the summer of 1941.

ROBII ȚIGANI ÎNTRE JUDECATA DIVANULUI BOIERESC ȘI CEA A TRIBUNALULUI CRIMINALICESC

Author(s): Monica Chicuş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

When we discuss the history of gypsies, we must pay attention to the historical period we are talking about. Of course, today we call them Roma, but until the 20th century they were known as gypsies, a nickname that we will use because this is the way they were mentioned in the documents of the time. We chose as our time-frame the end of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century in order to observe the evolution of the court structures in relation to the gypsies. Regarding the researched territory, our attention will be focused on the area of Moldova, especially on the outskirts of Iasi. The paper aims to find answers to questions such as how the judicial system worked in the first half of the 19th century? and whether the principle of “an eye for an eye” was still relevant in large murder cases?”.

Kresy, które już nie istnieją… Rozważania wokół monografii Marceliny Jakimowicz Świat, który już nie istnieje. Polskie i ukraińskie opowieści biograficzne (1918-1956), Wydawnictwo Ośrodek „Pamięć i Przyszłość”, Wrocław 2022, 366 ss.

Author(s): Wiktoria Kudela-Świątek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2023

The Legacy of Monastic Apothecaries: S. Martinho De Tibães

Author(s): Maria do Sameiro Barroso / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

After the definitive establishment of liberalism in Portugal in 1834, characterized by profound anti-clericalism, the religious orders became extinct, and their properties, which included valuable libraries and their assets, infirmaries and pharmacies, were confiscated or sold. Bibliographic collections were frequently dismembered throughout the change process, and many works were lost. The National Archive of Torre do Tombo and regional and local city libraries received many collections. However, most medical and pharmaceutical equipment was sold or lost. The infirmary and apothecary of the Monastery of S. Martinho de Tibães, in the outskirts of Braga (North of Portugal), the motherhouse of the Monastery of Saint Benedict in Portugal since 1579, were no exception. However, preserved medical and pharmaceutical books and manuscripts from the library ensured our knowledge of their operating standards of social and medical assistance. Monastic apothecaries were essential in assisting people experiencing poverty and largely contributed to the evolution of the scientific development of Pharmacy in Portugal. This essay will briefly survey the recovery of the history of the infirmary and apothecary of the Monastery of S. Martinho de Tibães and present mortars and jars housed at the Biscainhos Museum, which possibly belonged to the Monastery and among which, those referring to the treatment of syphilis are of particular relevance.

Fejezetek az albán–magyar kapcsolatok történetéből

Author(s): Robert Pichler / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2023

“These were hard times for Skanderbeg, but he had an ally, the Hungarian Hunyadi”: Episodes in Albanian– Hungarian Historical Contacts. Edited by Krisztián Csaplár Degovics. Budapest, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Centre for the Humanities, 2019. 340 p.