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L’auteur surprend l’historique et l’évolution architecturale des édifices religieux médiévale de la région de Tutova, qui existe actuallment en zone de Bacău pour qu’on les connaisse mieux et pour mettre en évidence ce qui les rapproche et ce qui les distingue par rapport à d’autres aires culturelles et artistiques roumaines. L’effort constructif vise aussi à faire ressortir la place et l’importance des établissements de culte de la vaille de Tutova dans l’ensemble de l’architecture médiévale roumaine.
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Cet oeuvre met en évidence la lutte pour l’unité et l’independence chez Roumains, reflété au contenue des inscriptions historiques. On a noté les principaux moments de l’unité et de la lutte pour la liberté des Daces, des DacoRomans et des Roumains, surtout de la période ancienne, prémédieval et le début de l’époque moderne, jusqu’à la Grande Union de 1918.
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Grâce ă des preoccupations plus anciennes, l'auteur etudie l'evolution des periodes de famine sur le territoire de la Moldavie ă partir du Xe siecle jusqu'aux trois premieres decennies du XIXe siecle. Dans la premiere partie de cette etude publiee dans ce numero, l'auteur envisage l'evolution des calamites de genre jusqu'ă la fin du XVIIe siecle.
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Ă Ia Direction Departamentale Iassy d' Archives Nationales on trouve des fonds et des collections archiviques nombreux, qui totalise plus de 15 kilometres de documents historiques. Dans le notre depât sont les documents relativement a l'histoire de Moldavie jusqu'â l'annee 1862 et les documents contemporains concemant a la viile et a Ia region d'lassy.
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Provenant d'une familie de paysans libres enrichis du but du XVIe siecle, par une maniere moderee et des economies les descendants de la familie Agarici devienra, graduellernent, grands proprietaires de terre et d'autres biens mobiliers et imrnobiliers, comme ils sont connus jusqu'a la rnoitie du XX: siecle, quand le pays a ere occupe des troupes sovietiques. L'uns d'entre les representants de cette familie, avec des etudes effectuees dans les grandes capitales de I'Europe - Paris, London, Berlin - ils sont affirmes aussi comme specialistes aux divers domaines, par exemple: economique, militaire ou juridique.
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Starting from the methodological suggestions specific to business history, this article proposes an investigation into family businesses, business strategies and the adaptation mechanisms to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution and its related phenomena. In the space of the former Habsburg Monarchy there were a whole series of companies and family businesses that managed to adapt to the requirements of the industrial age and to survive for several generations. In addition to explaining the strategies of branding and evoking the “myths of the founding fathers,” economic historians have studied and integrated them into the historical and socio-economic context of the time. Also, the organizational changes and adaptations were extremely important for the success or failure of these businesses, an important role being played by the professionalization of management. Who were these entrepreneurs and what kind of background did they have? What were the beginnings of businesses and what favored their promotion and success in business? What were the resources they originally relied on? What role did family relationships and social networks play in business development? Based on these questions, this article aims to reconstruct the evolution of entrepreneurial initiatives in Transylvanian cities that later evolved into the prestigious companies of that time. What is worth noting in this context is the fact that entrepreneurship in Transylvania tried to highlight local resources and opportunities. Most successful entrepreneurs think broadly, focusing on complementary and integrated areas of business development, and on long-term decisions. The case study will refer to the Friedrich Czell & Sons Company of Brasov (Kronstadt, Brassó), respectively the Sigmond Brothers from Cluj (Klausenburg, Kolozsvár).
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After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, one of the priorities of the Hungarian government was the creation of a railway network that would facilitate the economic development of the country. The boom in railway constructions and the general demand for iron products in the economy stimulated the investments in the metallurgic industry. Transylvania, the easternmost statistical region of the Kingdom of Hungary, was one of the richest lands in iron ore and coal. The state iron ore mines and furnaces around Hunedoara and the private company at Cãlan (Kalán, Klandorf) became the most important actors in the field. The state investments in Hunedoara and the German (later Viennese) capital inflow to Cãlan increased the production capacities and the quality of the products. The need for coal of the developing railway network encouraged coalmining. In Transylvania, the 1880s saw the beginning of large-scale coalmining in the Jiu Valley. Alongside the State Coal Mining Company, two large companies and a smaller private business were interested in the region. The French, and the Viennese capital in partnership with the big investors from Budapest, brought about the most important industrial developments in the southwestern part of Transylvania. Apart from coal extraction, they were interested in the processing of brown coal. The Uricani-Jiu Valley Company (with French and Austrian capital) also built coke ovens and a benzene distillery.
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The paper presents the history of the city of Reșița between 3 July 1771, when the first furnace became operational, and the year 2021, when Reșița University became part of Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, highlighting the major moments in the industrial and political history of the Banat Highlands: the Revolution of 1848–1849, the purchase of the local mills by the Steg, which integrated them in the larger European family of the heavy industry, the period of economic liberalism after 1918, the communist period and, finally, the post-communist period. The drastic reduction in industrial activity after 1990 was one of the greatest blows suffered by the region. The last decade of the communist period also saw the massive emigration of local Germans, followed into exile by many Romanians. However, the most important feature of this industrial city was the cohabitation by several ethnic groups, which shaped a lifestyle and a civil society with a vivid cultural life, carried out in the framework of book clubs, musical and canto associations, chamber orchestras, and also within the sports and leisure movement
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The study focuses on the relationship with the forest in the Transylvanian town of Sebeș (Mühlbach, Szászsebes) in the eighteenth century by starting from the following basic questions: “What do eighteenth-century maps tell about the forests around Sebeș?” and “How can these sources be interpreted?” The use of forests in this town during the period under analysis was mainly determined by agriculture and viticulture. At the time, these two economic branches were complementary because the expansion of farmland was conducted at the expense of forests, but in favor of viticulture which was the population’s main source of revenue. The development of viticulture led the rise of guilds specialized in wood-processing, especially coopers. In addition, tanners also contributed to the decline of oak trees as they used their bark to obtain tannin. The second half of the eighteenth century witnessed a heightened construction activity which was reflected in the growing use of stone and brick for better protection against fire, on the one hand, and in the reduction of forested areas due to increased demand for timber and firewood as well as due to deforestation for agricultural purposes, on the other. Its intensive use as well as the devastation caused by Wallachian shepherds in the area as a result of their pastoral activities led to the reduction of woodland on the territory of the Mühlbach Seat. This situation prompted authorities to adopt a set of measures aiming at the rational use of the town’s woodland. They were first mentioned in a speech by Councilor Andreas Welther considered the initiator of forest sustainability in Transylvania. The second major instance was the passing of the 1781 Forestry Act which, four years later, would complete this process of forestry modernization. One should also mention the creation of an alder park in Sebeș before the Forestry Act was passed, which did not serve economic purposes, but proves the existence of a walking culture in eighteenth-century Transylvania.
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The paper is an English translation of Gospodarcze podłoże rozbiorów Polski by Jan Rutkowski, published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1930. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
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The paper is an English translation of O kodyfikacji prawa międzynarodowego by Bohdan Winiarski, published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1930. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
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Ocupându-ne cu ani în urmă de formaţiunile prestatale de pe teritoriul Moldovei, afirmam că în regiunea Târgu Trotuş - Adjud - Sascut - Bacău a existat u n voievodat sau cnezat. Într-un alt studiu ne-am ocupat de Ocolul domnesc al Bacăului, unde am abordat şi la general problema acestei unităţi administrative ale domeniului public din Ţara Moldovej. Ne propunem în studiul de faţă să abordăm problema Ocolului domnesc Trotuş.
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Walerian Koronowicz-Wróblewski’s Słowo dziejów polskich (Th e Word of Polish History), published in 1858–1860, was a very popular work in the second half of the nineteenth century. His author proposed his own interpretation of Polish history, idealising the role and activities of the nobility to the extreme. Koronowicz-Wróblewski focused primarily on eastern issues, including the relations of the Polish state with its eastern neighbours. Th e following text aims to examine how the West (understood both as Western Europe and as the Polish-German and Polish-Czech borderlands, changing their nationality in the course of history) is perceived in this author’s conception.
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L’étude s’inscrit sur le ligne de la rénovation de la démarche historiographique, par la recherche de certaines aspects, de certaines domaines, moins pris en discurssion jusqu’à present.
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The study attempts to look at Old Polish translation strategies in the light of the evaluation of the early Renaissance translation work by an anonymous translator of one of Erasmus’ lesser-known works, Lingua. The article focuses not only on indicating and discussing the methods of translation, but above all on revealing – on the example of one plot – the thinking procedures of both authors, the aesthetics of words, the culture and pragmatics of transposing erudite resources, and finally – the intercultural dialogue that undoubtedly opens up every confrontation of the original with translation.
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Par la suite d'étude avec le même titre publie, première partie dans la revue Carpica XXVI/2, 1997, p. 59-75, seconde partie Carpica, XXVIII, 1998, p. 65-128, l'auteur continuera avec troisième parti (fine) dans ce numéro.
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L'étude presente chronologiquement certains phenornenes qui se sont manifestes sur la bornaine du village de Drăgeşti, situé sur le cours moyen d'Ia rivière de Siret, phénomènes spécifiques aux propriétés des paysans libres possédant un lopin de terre, d'Ia Moldavie du moyen Âge.
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The study presents some documents concerning the immortalization of the figures of some personalities from Năsăud border, resulting in the creation of busts/statues. In the first part, the concerns of this field are presented, thanks to Victor Moldovan, a politician of the interwar period and to his close collaborator, Emil Sângeorzan, as well as the author’s considerations regarding the personality of Vasile Naşcu. The second part includes edited sources, but not valued, related to the poet George Coşbuc.
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Review of: Gheorghe Şişeştean, Români care s‐au stins. Valahii din Carpaţii Nordici şi românii din Ungaria. Cluj‐Napoca, Academia Română. Centrul de Studii Transilvane, 2012, 207 p., ISBN: 978‐973‐ 7784‐68‐1. (Radu Mârza)
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