‘The Old is in the New Revealed’: Prophetical Quotations from the Slavonic Translation of Doctrina Iacobi in the Literature of Early Kyivan Rus´

(Part two)

Author(s): Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The second part of this paper (see part one in Palaeobulgarica 40, 1) introduces quotations from the prophets in the Philosopher’s Speech and in Hilarion of Kyiv’s Sermon on Law and Grace (1037–1050) which in form and/or language differ from their counterparts in the received translations available in Kyivan Rus´ and which can be shown to be derived from the Slavonic translation of Doctrina Iacobi. This includes quotations largely coinciding in Philosopher’ Speech and Hilarion (Is 52:10; Is 63:9; Is 51:4–5; and a combination of 2 Cor 5:17 Is 42:9–10, and Is 65:15–16) but also quotations which, in this form, are found only in Hilarion (Is 35:6–7 and Mal 1:10–11). It is demonstrated that two more prophetical quotations in the Tale of Bygone Years outside of the Philosopher’s Speech have their ultimate Slavonic origin in Doctrina (Ez 36:25 and Mic 7:18–19); this is in the so-called Tale of Book-Learning in the entry for 988/9. Some of the prophetical quotations in Speech instead have their source in the Chronicle of George the Monk (Hamartolos), a text of which there are no traces in Hilarion. The author concludes that L. Müller’s thesis of a Spruchsammlung of prophetical testimonies available in early Kyivan Rus´ is fully vindicated. This collection had incorporated material from Doctrina and from the canonical versions of the Bible. It turns out that Hilarion did not draw material directly from Doctrina, and even for mere chronological reasons it is therefore almost impossible that Doctrina would have been translated in Kyivan Rus´. Rather, we should conclude that this is an Old Bulgarian or, just possibly, Moravian translation. At some point in the second half of the 11th century, the Spruchsammlung was culled for material for yet another, probably more aggressively anti-Judaic, collection of prophecies, into which much material from George the Monk was incorporated as well. The prophetical collection extant in the Philosopher’s Speech and the quotations in the Tale of Book-Learning are probably secondary reflections of this work. They were added to a chronicle compilation that already included the Philosopher’s Speech.

“Dar-link, do you vant a kavitchka?” The Interplay of Language and Identity in Charlotte Mendelson’s ‘Almost English’

Author(s): Fanni Feldmann / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

This paper analyses Charlotte Mendelson’s 2013 novel Almost English from the perspective of the relationship between and the interconnectedness of language and identity, and approaches issues of national, cultural and ethnic identities through language. The text is centred on questions such as how many generations it takes to blend into a culture as someone having outlandish origins. For how long is the offspring of immigrants considered as an nth-generation immigrant? When does a foreign past stop defining you and let you pass as a native? I argue that the novel—being the story of three Hungarian immigrant generations in England—depicts different variations of Englishness and Hungarianness. The key element of identity construction as depicted by the text is language, more precisely the ability to use or even recognise the Hungarian language, which is present in the text as a marked language. The main difference between the generations and their assimilation is based on the proximity of how close one has to listen to in order to find anomalies in their language use and therefore their identity. I point out how different identity strategies are underlined by the development of a multiethnic, multicultural, partly multilingual identity in the representative of the third generation. By the end of the novel the binary opposition of being either English or Hungarian is superseded by the text and a new, hybrid identity is being formed.

“IN TWO SUITCASES AND THREE BUNDLES” OR BASARABIA - BUFFER LAND. NONPLACE REPRESENTATION IN THE NOVEL ’BESSARABIA’ BY PAUL GOMA

Author(s): Veronica Nanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 06/2015

In the study “In two suitcases and three bundles” or Basarabia - buffer land are highlighted the main theoretical ideas related to Heidegger's concept of “open place” which became the sine qua non condition of existence. At the same time, the emphasis is on the interpretation of the correlative couple of existential significance "here-there" as a brand for locus/non-locus relationship. It is studied the impact of the phenomenon of exile on Romanian writings after 1945. The reason for interpreting the work of Paul Goma is the fact that his destiny is an emblematic case of an exile from the Romanian culture. In this context, the study of the novel describing the picture of a journey “in two suitcases and three bundles” of the uprooted and landless Basarabian, will outline the image of a split personality, undermined by the passion of writing, caught in its path crossing from a “contagious” unhappiness towards a possible “paradise” which remains always suspended. Beyond the theoretical components, the emphasis will be on the text analysis of the novel Basarabia, where, with the aid of narrative and logic of the included middle, it reveals the idea of irreversible destruction of identity. The refuge draws a parabolic path, determined by the need of unmasking, the return of the character physically absent, however present through the history to which it belongs.

“Look[ing] Into the Fiery Eyes of War”: Byron’s Werner

Author(s): Mirka Horová / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

This article addresses the ways in which Carl von Clausewitz’s theory of modern warfare, as described and studied in his fragmentary magnum opus On War, might elucidate heretofore underappreciated intricacies of Byron’s German drama Werner. Not only does it allow us to uncover new connotations of the drama besides the traditional ones, i.e. the Gothic, the melodrama, the Sturm und Drang, but it also allows us to connect these traditional approaches to our new perspective centred exclusively on the phenomenon of war and its crucial role in Byron’s drama. War is discussed in the immediate historical context (both of the seventeenth-century dramatic plot and of Byron’s own time), as well as in the ontological and the aesthetic sense, laying bare the impact of these on the traditional concept of ethics in relation to the drama and in general.

“Nineteen Eighty-Four” by George Orwell. Chapter I

Author(s): Maria Talaczynska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2015

Zajęcia adresowane są przede wszystkim do studentów polonistyki, politologii i dziennikarstwa

“realms of candour and rapture”: DIVINITY, IDENTITY and personal salvation in Graham Swift’s WATERLAND

Author(s): Lucia Opreanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

This paper aims to trace the various references to the Christian faith and other forms ofspirituality in Graham Swift’s Waterland in an attempt to highlight the extent to which his narrative exposesthe failure of conventional religion to provide viable solutions to the kinds of crises contemporaryindividuals face. The analysis will mainly focus on the evolution of a number of protagonists and theircoping mechanisms in the face of grief, loss, and guilt, as well as on the significance and consequences ofvarious forms of transgression, the lure and dangers of religious fanaticism, and above all the causes andoutcomes of various (con)fusions between personal and Biblical history, with a special emphasis onterrestrial embodiments of the Madonna and the Saviour and their respective lives and martyrdoms. Animportant component of this approach will entail a discussion of the various alternatives to ecclesiasticalinstitutions, traditional worship and salvation by faith featured in Swift’s novel, ranging from the potentialspiritual charge of mundane locations to the redeeming powers of authentic intimacy and communion andthe curative function of narration.

“WE COULD SING BETTER SONGS THAN THOSE”: DRINK IMAGES IN WILLY RUSSELL’S PLAYS

Author(s): Wojciech Klepuszewski / Language(s): English / Issue: XX/2018

Willy Russell is an example of a writer whose popularity and critical reception is not extensively reflected in serious studies. There is a noticeable tendency to appraise rather than analyse Russell’s work. The aim of the present article is to dissect the function of drink images in the context of class-related issues Russell thematises in his plays.

“Weltanschauung”-u postmodern

Author(s): Hans Bertens / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 1/2013

Qasja ime pluraliste mund të parashihet se do të na prijë drejt një pluralizmi të njëllojtë me atë të Weltanschauung-ut postmodern. A do të jetë e mundur që t’i grupojmë këto pikëpamje brenda një përkufizimi të vetëm me shkallë të lartë abstraksioni, mbetet të shihet. Pluralizmi i strategjisë sime, domosdoshmërisht do të hapë diskutimin për relacionet në mes të Postmodernizmit dhe Modernizmit, përfshirë edhe Avangardën e periudhës moderne: Dadaizmin, Surrealizmin dhe lëvizjet e tjera.

”Adaptarea speciei umane la umaniști lasă de dorit”

Author(s): Cristian Patrasconiu,Calin-Andrei Mihailescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 8/2016

„Czarne lądy” Wandy Melcer wobec form egzotyzacji tradycyjnej społeczności żydowskiej

Author(s): Marzena Szugiero / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Czarny Ląd. Warszawa [The Black Land. Warsaw] is a collection of reportages byWanda Melcer, institutionally and ideologically linked to Wiadomości Literackie weekly, and deeply involved in the social campaigns held under the auspices of Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński. Explicitly ideologised, these accounts of the journeys to the “black lands” – Warsaw’s district inhabited by the traditional Jewish people and nearby shtetls – aroused a number of controversies in the last years of interwar Poland. The aim of this article is to show the means of exoticising this community that are undertaken by the writer, taking into consideration the tradition and realised cultural scripts.

„Hermann a înnebunit”: demitizarea nebuniei romantice în „Dama de pică” de A.S. Puşkin

Author(s): Gabriel-Andrei Stan / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2017

Even if at first sight madness seems to be a secondary literary motif in Pushkin's narrative, it nevertheless refers to the painful end of the main character. In this study we want to examine the function of madness and discover the cultural meanings that it develops within the literary tradition of the concept, more precisely within the romantic idealization of madness as an expression of artistic genius. The demystification of romantic madness, performed through the parody of the already ossified romantic canon, will provide the premises for a return to a positivist-physiological sense of madness in terms of mental illness.

„I pusto – smutno – tęskno – jak gdy szczęście minie”. O porównaniach w Marii Antoniego Malczewskiego (struktura formalna)

Author(s): Joanna Scibek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2014

The poetic novel "Maria" [Mary] by Antoni Malczewski published in 1825 is an outstanding work which, according to some researchers, could initialize Polish Romantic literature on equal terms with two volumes of Poezje [Poems] by Adam Mickiewicz. An unquestionable value of Mary is its author’s mature artistic workshop revealed, among others, in a skillful use of linguistic and stylistic devices. The subject of this article is a description of non-graded comparative constructions occurring in A. Malczewski’s poem that are based on cultural associations. A formal side of these clues has been analyzed. The first part of the text depicts a degree of comparisons’ density in the work’s linguistic tissue, their distribution in the narration and dialogues and monologues as well as the dependence between linear extension of comparisons and the volume of the text occupied by them. Whereas the second part of the article is focused on the discussion of the structure of comparative constructions and their grammar characteristics.

„Inwentarz nędzy ludzkiej”. Wszy w narracjach lagrowych

Author(s): Barbara Czarnecka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2017

The article is a polemic with the ahistorical interpretation of animal studies and reveals a meaning of insects that is other than symbolic. Using numerous examples taken from Nazi camp literature, it proves that in extreme conditions, a human – in order to maintain physical existence – cannot fight for ecosystemic animal equality. The text presents the living conditions of prisoners and the camp experience of fighting lice, along with completely unexpected situations brought about in concentration camps by the presence of insects.

„Lamentował Dawid żałobną pieśnią nad Saulem i Jonatanem, jego synem” — egzegeza 2 Sm 1,17–27 jako biblijnego przykładu trenu

Author(s): Janusz Nawrot / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2011

The elegy in question presents and expresses in a poetic way the depth of feelings of a grieving man who suffers from the loss of his closest friends. The elegy belongs to the most illustrious achievements of early Hebrew lyric poetry and though it does not include distinct religious references in itself, it has to be understood within the context of the entire theology of the Old Testament that places God in the very centre of the life of the rulers of Israel and its people. The defeat in the battle so lamented in the Book by David himself is shown not as accidental or as a normal flow of things, but as part of God’s plan that, ultimately and paradoxically, helps the future king of Israel conquer his enemies and ascend to the throne. A characteristic feature of the lamentation is an exclusively favourable presentation of the main protagonists so that due honour, reverence and glory can be rendered to them. Therefore, the only way to treat the song is to consider it as one that expresses grief and mourning over the deceased, and not as a historically reliable review of their life. The way the lives of heroes is presented makes it possible to draw conclusions for the audience that may be important and may shape individual lives and their future progress. Undoubtedly, this is how David viewed his song to be delivered to the audience, as well: his access to rule the country was partly the result of the sacrifice paid by the two heroes slain in the battle.

›Tjam patram‹. Musikalische Poetik beim frühen Brecht

Author(s): Christian Kirchmeier / Language(s): German / Issue: 26/2017

The origins of ›epic theater‹ are often traced back to Brecht’s rejection of classical poetics of drama. This article instead tries to show that in his early years, Brecht rather focuses on a poetics of music in order to develop key elements of epic theater. As a medium, music combines three functions of Brecht’s theater: (2) It provides an intermittent element that interrupts plot contiguity; (2) It creates a musical semantics that can interfere with literary semantics; (3) It is a medium of an aesthetic perceivable ›gestus‹ that makes it possible to observe the agency of an agent.

Ідейно-тематичні та лінгвістичні аспекти літературних пародій Макса Бірбома (на матеріалі есе “Endeavour By J*hn G*lsw*rthy”)

Author(s): Karolina Lototska / Language(s): English,Ukrainian / Issue: 17-18/2014

The article discusses the literary parody of Max Birbom on John Galsworthy; The author studies the linguistic-stylistic, ideological, thematic and historical-cultural aspects of their creativity in the context of the analysis and functioning of this parodic text.

ІМАГОЛОГІЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ОБРАЗУ БІЛОРУСА В СУЧАСНИХ СЛОВ'ЯНСЬКИХ ЛІТЕРАТУРАХ

Author(s): Olena POGREBNYAK / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2019

The author considers the phenomenon of the images of the Belorussian in the works of modern Slavic writers. The following structural components of its paradigm are analyzed: auto-images (images of Belorussians in Belarussian literature) and hetero-image (images of Belarussians in Polish, Czech and Ukrainian literature), their formal characteristics and inner content, modality and interaction, as well as the functional and strategic significance for the formulation of the principles of national Identity and outline of its boundaries at the time of creation (for auto-images). Taking as an example the works of Karpovich, Topol, Urban, Singaevsky, Andrukhovych and some others texts, the author shows that in the non-Belorussian writers’ works, the images of Belarus and the Belorussians have been generally stereotyped (in Ukrainian and Czech literarture) or grotesque (in Czech literature) or even stigmatized (in Polish and Czech litersture). Such images illustrate the cultural and civilization influences and fix certain typological coincidences between the corresponding literary receptions. The imagological image appears to be an extralinguistic phenomenon, a full-fledged subject of interethnic relations, the modality of which forms the scenario of such relationships and determines the role of the author as their social mediator. The article also compares the image of the Belarussian in classical and modern Belarussian literature. There are examples of postmodern ironic rethinking of Kupala autoreflections in the works of Belarussian poets of the 21st century, attempts to deconstruct stereotypical perceptions of Belarussian realities are demonstrated. There is a connection between the updating of the image of Belarus in the writings of modern Belarussian writers and the intensity of the processes of self-identification in the stream of Belarussian culture of the 21st century.

ІСТОРИКО-ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗБІРКИ АГАТАНГЕЛА КРИМСЬКОГО «ПОВІСТКИ І ЕСКІЗИ».

Author(s): Marta Drohomyretska / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2017

The article highlights the historical and functional aspects of debut prose collection "Stories and Sketches from Ukrainian Life" by Agatangel Krymskyi (Kolomyia-Lviv, 1895). Having commenced the era of Ukrainian modernism, this collection became an important factor in the literary development. Getting to her study, the author relied on the conceptual principle that such a significant art paper of the era was not only the object but also the subject of the literary process: touching upon the importance of some traditions, arguing with others and introducing its own innovations, it was able to make changes in the literary landscape. The author highlighted the constructive and representative functions of the book "Stories and Sketches...", comparing it with the works by both predecessors and successors of A. Krymskyi on thematic, genre and stylistic levels. For example, among thematically related works devoted to the problem of "fathers and children" the first priority was given to the short stories "Parental Rights" and "First Debuts of a Radical", which traced social and moral reasons for a young individual’s rebellion against tyranny in the family, school and society. Disagreeing with the traditions of patriarchal Ukrainophilism, the early prose by A. Krymskyi paved the way to the findings of young writers. Thus, three evolutionary stages of Ukrainian prose are defined: 1) the realistic stage of the late nineteenth century. This stage was inherent to the idealization of the common people, which was demonstrated in the novel "Clouds" by Ivan Nechuy- Levytskyi; 2) the phase of "Young Ukraine" in the last decade of the nineteenth century. Its worldview dominants, such as the crisis of populism, the birth of modern Ukrainian philosophy and distributing spirits, were reflected in the stories «fin de siècle», "To the People!", "Orphan Zakharko" by A. Krymskyi; 3) the stage of impressionism and neo-realism in the early twentieth century, during which Mykhailo Kotsyubynskyi, Volodymyr Vynnychenko and other A. Krymskyi’s successors highlighted a huge social and cultural gap between the denationalized intelligentsia and the Ukrainian people through the prism of irony and sarcasm, which led to the revolutionary politicization of social consciousness . Such features of the early collection by A. Krymskyi as ambivalent interpretation of decadence, the tendency to genre- compositional fragmenting and experiments with narrative form, which sometimes approached the "stream of consciousness", obviously had a certain influence on the development of modern Ukrainian prose.

ЈЕВАНЂЕЉЕ ПО ЖЕДНОЈ КАО АНТИЈЕВАНЂЕЉЕJEV

Author(s): Duško Ð. Vucicevic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 61/2016

In dieser Arbit haben wir anhand der Analyse des Cchronotopos festgestellt, dass sich die Handlung dieser Geschichte in der fernen Zukunft entwickelt, was typisch für die phantastische Literatur ist. Dieses Werk gibt deswegen dem Leser einen Eindruck, dass es eine Voraussage der künftigen Ereignisse ist. Anhand der Analyse der intertextuellen Beziehung mit dem Werk von Karl Popper wurde dargestellt, dass die dystopische Gesellschaft in dieser Geschichte durch die Übertreibung einzelner Elemente der Gesellschaftsphilosophie von Popper entstanden ist. Deswegen können wir diese Gesellschaft in diesem Sinne als eine abstrakte Gesellschaft beschreiben. Man hat bemerkt, dass die Religion der Durstigen, die einzige Alternative gegenüber der dystopischen Gesellschaftsordnung aus der Geschichte darstellt, auf undeutlichen Stellungen, dem Willen zur Macht und Lügen beruht. Die endgültigen Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass eine gute Nachricht aus der Zukunft, wie schon der Begriff Evangelium in der Überschrift suggeriert, ein postmodernes Verfahren darstellt, denn die Geschichte bringt keine guten Nachrichten aus der Zukunft, sondern bringt uns in ein moralisches Dilemma. Deswegen kann man Evangelium nach der Durstigen als ein Antienvagelium bezeichnen.

Ярослав Розумний (6 IX 1925 - 8 XII 2013)

Author(s): Walentyna Sobol / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2015