Динамика значения концептов справедливость и закон в современной России

Author(s): Mikhail Labashchuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 145/2014

This article investigates a relation between two social categories: personality and socjety exemplified by the concepts of справедливость (“justice”) and закон (“law”). In contrary to traditional theories, society, as an abstract and constructivist category, is conceived as part of personality. Also social and personal moral are examined as being contrasted to each other. Over the last twenty years, Russia suffers from a deformation of moral values resulting in elimination of a spiritual element in Russian society. On the other hand, the development of civic society in Russia leads to important changes that have a positive social impact. One of the changes is a reduction of the model of traditional opposition between the state and the community.

АКТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА ‘ПАМЯТЬ’ В СТАРООБРЯДЧЕСКОМ ВОЙНОВСКОМ СИНОДИКЕ

Author(s): Joanna Orzechowska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 130/2010

In the article updating the concept of ‘memory’ was analysed through its material expression in the text. The analytical material consisted of a special kind of religious literature, sinodik, which is an expression of remembrance about the dead and was used to mention them in prayers. With the application of frame analysis and statistic methods of research an artifi cial text was delineated, which is the main form of updating the concept of ‘memory’ in the Sinodik from Wojnowo. In turn, it allowed to differentiate a new subconcept from the latter one, i.e. mentioning the dead in prayers.

Natura uprzedzeń religijnych

Author(s): Olga Nadskakuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 125/2009

The changes, which occurred in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989, revealed domestic problems in each country and contributed to an outburst of antagonisms between neighbouring countries. Such countries are particularly exposed to various confl icts, what in consequence strengthens prejudice and mutual aversion.Firstly, the terminology needs to be specifi ed: there is a fundamental difference between a stereotype and a prejudice. According to Ida Kucz, stereotypes are characterised by rationality, intellectual elegance, and veiled hostility whereas a superstition classified associally more dangerous and may easily switch to an act of and overt hostility and hatred. Both prejudice and superstitions are the consequence of a natural need to distinguish between“us” and “the others”.One of the attributes which determines perceiving the others is religion. As the research show, there is interdependence between the level of religiosity and less tolerance towards others. Religion often fuels ethnic prejudice in an inter-group confl ict. It happens so when national identity is connected with religiosity.Doing the research on deep-rooted and fi xed Russian and Polish mutual prejudice one should pay special attention to cultural distinction of both nations. It emerges form Polish adherence to the Latin culture and Russian adherence to the Byzantine culture. Polish and Russian history, full of disagreements and wars, led to preservation of aversions and hostility. Confl icts were very often supported by the argument of defeating the „truthful faith”. The Romanticism defi nitely strengthened mutual prejudice since religion, as a spiritual foundation of culture and identity, was perceived as a main historic force and a value in itself.When it comes to contemporary Polish-Russian relations, one must agree that their interpretation in the historical context does not make the removal of prejudice easier.

Uwagi o maskulinizmie „Mężczyzn” Wiktora Jerofiejewa

Author(s): Adrian Mrówka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 125/2009

The Men by Victor Erofeev is an important voice for men’s studies. The writer originally describes social situation of a modern man. He analyzes it very precisely. In his essays he’s sometimes amusing, sometimes serious. He shows examples of men, which in world’s opinion are too weak, too sensitive, too kind. Presenting complexity of man’s soul, he focuses on emotions of men, their fears and dreams. He also denies stereotypes. Erofeev divides males into men and unyoung boys, complimenting these first and criticizing others.

Ekwiwalencja językowa i kulturowa w angielskim i rosyjskim przekładzie „Wojny polsko-ruskiej pod flagą biało-czerwoną” Doroty Masłowskiej

Author(s): Wacław Osadnik,Natalia Strzelecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 125/2009

The paper consists of two parts. The first one is devoted to the problem of equivalence in translation from the historical perspective. The authors discuss concepts of full, partial and zero equivalence and their understanding from the ancient times to the polysystem theory.The second part contains an analysis of translations of Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną by Dorota Masłowska into English and Russian. The authors give a short overview of the cultural approach to the language and of the behavioral patterns of the “street-boys”. Following, they attempt to illustrate how both translators coped with the specificity of the language of the novel, in order to translate it not only linguistically but also culturally. In the conclusion the authors point to the issues concerning the untranslatability of some of the elements of the source text as well as evaluate how the translated text has been accepted in the target language and culture.

О ДВУХ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫХ МИКРОСИСТЕМАХ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ГНЕВА В РУССКОМ, ПОЛЬСКОМ И ЧЕШСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Eugeniusz Stefański / Language(s): Russian Issue: 125/2009

The article analyzes two groups of words, which mean different kinds of anger in Russian, Polish and Czech. The author pays special attention to the etymology of these words and reveals peculiarities of these emotion experiences by the Russian, Polish and Czech linguistic personality.

Политика культурного плюрализма и язык

Author(s): Basia Nikiforova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 126/2009

The aim of this study is to challenge the problem of the formation of national identity through a prism of language and language policy. Cultural basic models have been established for the language policy: common public language model, which views language policy as a primarily tool for nation building and views that common language to be shared by all citizens; and language maintenance model (public institutes recognize the right of separate groups to be able to use their own minority languages as a tool for the state dialogue). In the present paper, the policy dilemmas facing the European Union and the more important documents of the EU on problems of the rights of national minorities and its language policy are analyzed. The study includes a concise dictionary of multicultural policy.

Modalités d’imposer la critique marxiste dans les premières années du communisme roumain*

Author(s): Ioana (Andrei Grigor) Nicolae,Simona Marin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

Beginning with the year 1948, the political and cultural Romanian newspapers display an ideological conflict held by the followers of the Soviet Marxist politics against the aesthetics of the decadent burgoisie. Such errors as formalism, cosmopolitism and impresionism which subversively guide the aesthetic criticism are banned by the new critics who plead for re-reading the classical text in an ideological mirror.

Revolta ocultată sau despre revirimentul poetic al amintirii – Norman Manea, Vorbind pietrei

Author(s): Marian Antofi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2015

The poem entitled Vorbind pietrei / Talking to a stone turns into an original lyrical version mirroring Norman Manea's spiritual - scriptural - biographic quest, in fact a text talking about life and death, about human condition and the power of writing to transgress time. Contextually related to the funeral stone with which the outcast lyrically and metaphorically talks - actually to eternal pain - the book (the Holy one and those following It) esthetically redefines death and human degradation beyond any limits - acting as an exorcist mechanism at the same time.

The French Feminine Pattern in the 19th Century Romanian Prose

Author(s): Ramona Mihăilă / Language(s): English Issue: 4-II/2010

Cet article essaie d’analyser les facteurs modeleurs de la construction de l’identité des personnages féminins dans la prose roumaine du XIXe à travers un modèle français qui apparaît dans plusieurs écrits. Je vais développer ce sujet à travers trois perspectives : une perspective socioculturelle et historique qui met en discussion la transition de la société rurale/agraire à la société urbaine/industrielle; une perspective qui met en discussion l’estompage des conventions et des stéréotypies dans la représentation de la féminité moyennant le passage du romantisme au réalisme et une perspective comparative entre la littérature et la culture roumaine et la littérature et la culture française : perspectives comparatives des sujets que les écrivains roumains et français ont choisis: stratégies du discours féministe, indépendance économique des femmes, conformité sociale et accomplissement personnel ou personnages féminins et milieu rural/urbaine.

Linguistic Representations of Style in Women’s Discourse

Author(s): Daniela Şorcaru / Language(s): English Issue: 4-II/2010

La stylistique linguistique est un domaine complexe qui rejoint beaucoup de disciplines dans un réseau discursif très intéressant. La sémantique, la lexicologie, la syntaxe, la morphologie, la psycholinguistique, toutes les sciences se plient sur l’identité littéraire et les idiosyncrasies stylistiques de chaque écrivain. Cette démarche se propose d’identifier et analyser les représentations linguistiques qui caractérisent le style du discours féminin dans To the Lighthouse par Virginia Woolf.

Eugen Ionescu - the theatre of human psychology and social identity

Author(s): Iuliana Barna / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

Eugène Ionesco est l’auteur d’une écriture authentique, qui occupe une place importante dans l’histoire de la littérature roumaine, parce qu’elle peint des personnages liés à leur époque, mais qui, en fait, sont l’expression d’une humanité insufissante, limitée. C’est pourquoi on peut affirmer qu’une oeuvre littéraire de certe valeur esthétique se situe au carrefour du temps et de l’éternité.

Identité, totalitarisme et résistance. Sorana Gurian, Les Mailles du filet

Author(s): Elena FILOTE (PANAIT) / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2013

Le journal de Roumanie de Sorana Gurian, tenu entre les années1947 et 1949, se présente premièrement comme un témoignage toujoursvivant de l’absurdité inhumaine du régime communiste. La contiguïté de sonexistence avec une histoire tragique détermine l’écrivaine, autrement expartisanede l’idéologie communiste, à prendre conscience, avec une amèrelucidité, de la dégénérescence progressive de son profil identitaire. Réfugiéeà Paris, Sorana Gurian publiera ce journal en 1950, aux éditions Calmann-Lévy. Le livre apparaît en roumain en 2002, comme supplément de la revueJurnalul literar. La démarche diaristique de Sorana Gurian de Les mailles dufilet a, dans sa structure de surface, une véritable valeur documentaire, mais,au-delà de celle-ci, le sondage de l’intimité auctoriale exhibe une pluralitéd’identités, assumées ou rejetées, parfois incompatibles, impossible à unifierdans une image homogène.

John Paul II’s speeches to commemorate the Saints Cyril and Methodius along with Bulgarians

Author(s): Natalia Naumow / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2017

This article analyzes the speeches prepared by John Paul II for the annual visits of Bulgarian delegations on the occasion of celebrations of the Saints Cyril and Methodius (around May 24th). The fourteen texts prepared for these visits together with his speeches during the Pope’s Apostolic Journey to Bulgaria in 2002 and during the presentations of letters of credence for Bulgarian Ambassadors to the Holy See present a very interesting and understudied material for a better analysis of the Pope’s Slavic, ecumenical and European ideas. The Pope sees this tradition as a continuation of politics of John XXIII and Paul VI.

Нова практическа граматика на старобългарския език

Author(s): Dimitar Peev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02/2017

Старобългарски те(к)стове

Author(s): Ivan P. Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02/2017

Поезия на подострените моливи

Author(s): Yana Yakimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02/2017

LE VERT : UNE COULEUR « HUMAINE » ?

Author(s): Iuliana-Florina Pandelica / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2015

In this article we will try to demonstrate, on the one hand, the richness of the vocabulary with respect to the formulas created on the basis of a colour name and, on the other hand, to analyse the extent to which the word maintains its original significance if it becomes part of such formulas when used to characterize a person or an object.Thus, the research questions we want to answer in this article are the following: we want to know if colour terms and phrases formed using these colour terms are used to characterize people or objects and if there is a difference according to the semantic-syntactic features such as [+human] and [-human] in the meaning of terms that express colour.

THE EMOJI LANGUAGE – THE HIEROGLYPHIC ALPHABET OF MODERN TIMES

Author(s): Raluca Ghenţulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Although the connection between the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and the modern emoticons has been much debated, the mechanisms through which both these systems of communication operate at the semiotic level have never been analyzed. Therefore, the aim of this article is to offer an overview of the ways in which metaphors and metonymies manage to convey meanings in the emoji language, similarly to the processes implied by the hieroglyphic alphabet, which also contained pictures with the value of either letters or concepts. The relationship between the signifier and the signified in both these systems is based on similar mental processes and it is motivated by almost the same purposes: fastness, the ease with which the sign is inserted into a message, the secrecy of such a type of communication and the fact that most of them transcend language and do not need to be translated, thus facilitating inter-cultural communication.

Analiza stylistyczna nazewnictwa w Księgach narodu i pielgrzymstwa polskiego Adama Mickiewicza

Author(s): Łucja Maria Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/1993

Die Analyse von Namen fremder Provenienz in Księgi narodu i pielgrzymstwa polskiego hat gezeigt, daß sie eine wichtige stilistische Kategorie darstellen. Die genannten Namen wurden hier auf biblische Art stilisiert. Man kann sie in echt biblische Namen und in stilisierte Namen einteilen. Es überwiegen Namen hebräischer und griechischer Herkunft. Sie befinden sich meist im entsprechend stilisierten Kontext. Auf Archaisierung deuten u. a. auch bestimmte grammatische Formen hin, wie z. B. Żydy (=Akk. Pl.), Żydowie, Filistynowie ( = Nom. Pl.), w Polszczę (=L ok. Sg. Fem.). Die Eigennamen und Deskriptionen spielen hier solche Funktionen wie die poetische, anspielende, lokal und temporal anberaumende, wertende und die expressive. Besonders wichtige Funktion kommt der poetischen und der anspieelnden zu, wodurch ein Zusammenhang mit der Bibel, Authentizität und vor allem besondere Ausdruckskraft erzielt werden konnten.