Болгарские диалектизмы как источник пополнения славянских этимологических гнезд

Author(s): Ljubov' V. Kurkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

Bulgarian dialect words from the Bulgarian etymological dictionary will be considered. Taking into account new lexicographic sources and new etymological studies on Slavic vocabulary, the author offers clarifications and additions to the decisions made in the dictionary: зачебрсвам, кокрдав, конàдя, развражувам се, прèвразник, нарè(д)вам, нарㆌвам, рㆌля, нарỳди се, жȇлдè ме, скорèц, прочурвам (се), слàвей). Etymological analysis of the Bulgarian vocabulary helps identify the scope of ancient word-formation models, restore word-formation and semantic connections of Bulgarian dialect words in the Slavic linguistic area.

Актуални наблюдения върху съвременната езикова ситуация

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Several newly created verbs and the corresponding newly formed participles are analyzed. An attempt has been made on the basis of examples and statistics of their uses to assume their place in the dictionary of the contemporary Bulgarian.

LEXIKALISCHE EINFLÜSSE AUF DIE MUNDARTEN VON CHLOI (KOMOTINI/GRIECHENLAND) UND GORNI JURUCI (KRUMOVGRAD/BULGARIEN): KONTRASTIVE BETRACHTUNGEN ZU ISOTOPIEN IM BEREICH DER GESUNDHEITSTERMINOLOGIE

Author(s): Martin Henzelmann,Georgi Mitrinov / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

In this paper, we will focus on some lexical features characteristic of the dialects spoken in the villages of Hloi (Greek Χλόη = Bulgarian Hebilevo/Хебилево) in the Greek region of Komotini (Κομοτηνή = Gyumyurdzhina/Гюмюрджина) and of the related dialects in the nearby village of Gorni Yurutsi (Горни Юруци) in the Bulgarian region of Krumovgrad. In particular, we will pay attention to isotopically significant terminology in the fields of health, healthcare, illness, and related phenomena. The local language variety spoken in both the Greek and the Bulgarian villages is clearly identified as a Bulgarian-based Rhodopean dialect, but the two villages deal with radically different conditions of language contact. In the first section, we will give a short overview of the problems of language contact in general. Then, in section two, we will focus on health terminology. We compare language materials collected on the two sides of the border, and discuss the impact of language contact in this area. Our conclusion is that contact-induced change is observed on both sides of the Bulgarian-Greek border, but it takes very different forms in Bulgaria and Greece due to quite different and very complex language influences.

THE VOTIVE INSCRIPTION OF ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΣ ΡΑΣΔΟY FOUND IN NOZRINA

Author(s): Lyubisha Vasilyevich,Zharko B. Velykovich / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Back in 2008, a marble relief votive to an unknown deity was unearthed on the archaeological site called Grobljište in the village Nozrina, not far from the town Aleksinac in East Central Serbia. The relief was found broken into three segments and fragmented. The Greek votive inscription is visible on the bottom part. These fragments are currently kept at the National museum in Kruševac, as a part of their Collection of antiquities at the Department of archaeology. The deity depicted on the relief was interpreted by researchers as “Sol-Helios (which is considered to be identical to Apollo)”. This votive relief and the personal name of its dedicant, ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΣ, was published in the literature, but the inscription on the relief was left out. Originally, the inscription was not dated. It is written in the Greek majuscule cursive, and in accordance to the shapes of the inscribed letters, this form of the alphabet could be most approximately (we underline most approximately) assigned to the end or the second half of the 1st c. A. D.. In this way, the inscription, that is the votive relief itself, might also be most approximately (we underline most approximately) dated to the end or the second half of the 1st c. A. D., and thus the Greek language of the inscription might be the Hellenistic koiné.

COLOR TERMS FOR BLUE IN THE BALKAN LANGUAGES

Author(s): Alexandra Chivarzina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Blue is one of the most interesting colors for traditional folk culture and the color terms system. Given the theory of color terms evolution by Berlin and Kay (1969), the term for blue is supposed to appear in a language at the stage when the first basic color terms are already defined. The marginality of blue is duplicated in the traditional folk culture, which may directly or indirectly indicate the use of definite lexemes in artifact naming. This article proposes to consider the functioning of the color terms for blue and its shades, using the example of the Balkan Slavic languages in comparison to the Albanian and Romanian ones.

PROF. DR. SC. YORDAN ZAIMOV – A GREAT SCHOLAR AND AN UNFORGETTABLE TEACHER (1921-1987)

Author(s): Anna Choleva-Dimitrova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Prof. Yordan Zaimov, Dr. Sc. is born on 23rd of April 1921 in Sofia. He graduated Slavic Philology at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” in 1944. He has the opportunity to be taught by some of the most prominent scholars. His brilliant linguistic knowledge (he spoke eight languages) will be the basis for his future notable success in some of the most difficult scientific fields such as etymology, onomastics, and diachronic linguistics. All his activities are connected completely with the Institute for Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Significant moments from his life, dedicated to knowledge, are going to be presented as well as from his multidisciplinary work.

ZUR REKONSTRUKTION UND IDENTIFIZIERUNG ZWEIER SLAVISCHER ORTSNAMEN IM TYPIKON DES BAČKOVO-KLOSTERS VOM JAHRE 1083

Author(s): Lora Taseva,Tinatin Chronz / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2021

The article focuses on two toponyms the forms of wich in the Greek and Georgian versions of the Bačkovo Typikon are so different that scholars reconstruct different Slavic names on their basis. The analysis of the records – in terms of philological and geographic arguments – leads to the following conclusions: (1) the identification of Γέλλοβα with the modern village of Gelá is problematic and probably follows the record in the Greek document, while ჟელოვა [želɔva] in the Georgian hides the oikonym Желово of a now extinct village; (2) the identification of Λάλϰουβα with the modern village of Lilkovo is also unacceptable because philological and geographic considerations rather point to the village of Ljaskovo near Asenovgrad whose name is relatively accurately reflected in the Georgian record ლაშკოვა [laʃk’ɔva]; (3) thus, the parallel examination of the two versions of the Bačkovo Typikon can help to reconstruct more exactly the microtoponyms in the region.

К ЭТИМОЛОГИИ НЕКОТОРЫХ СЛАВЯНСКИХ ОЙКОНИМОВ АЛБАНИИ

Author(s): Maxim A. Yuyukin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

This article deals with some oikonyms of Slavic origin on the territory of Albania, mostly in the etymological aspect. They are located in the eastern part of the country, especially in the districts of Elbasan, Berat and Korça. Most of the place names are derived from personal names (Konjazmaniz, Mbjeshovё, Orenjё, Skavicё, Tёrzhnjevё, Uznovё, Zilehova) or from collective inhabitants’ names which are of anthroponymical origin (Bezmisht, Bodar, Dohoshisht, Trepsenisht, Ziçisht); some of them have common names as their stems (Brenogё, Gizavesh, Muzhёnckё, Rashnapojё). From the word-formative point of view, both the morphological names with the suffixes -ov-/-ev- (Mbjeshovё, Tёrzhnjevё, Uznovё, Zilehova), -j- (Muzhёnckё, Orenjё), -ьcь (Gizavesh, Konjazmaniz), -oka (Brenogё), -ьsk- (Kozjaveçko) and the lexico-semantic formations from collective inhabitants’ names with the suffixes -itji (Bezmisht, Dohoshisht, Trepsenisht, Ziçisht) and -i (Bodar) are represented. Different reflexes of the jers indicate the different chronology of the names’ adaptation by the Albanian language. Some motivating stems (*Dox-oš-, *Kon(ę, ’a)sъmanъ) are not otherwise attested in Bulgarian and South Slavic languages as a whole.

BULGARISCHE LEXIK IN EINEM MULTIFAKTORIELLEN MAKROKOMPARATIVISTISCHEN KONTEXT

Author(s): Corinna Leschber / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2021

Bulgarian Lexical Stock in a Multifactorial Macrocomparativistic ContextWhile scientific development is advancing with increasing speed, we are gaining access to fast-growing global databases and being presented with new opportunities for scientific cooperation. Applying this new information allows for a broadened view on word-stock in Europe and in the adjacent regions in general, and at the same time enables conclusions to be drawn in relation to the lexical stock of individual languages, such as the Bulgarian language. Illustrating this with some examples, we will attempt to highlight the potential of a multifactorial macrocomparativistic perspective in terms of the prehistory and history of the Bulgarian language. We have chosen the following examples for this purpose: Bulg. mùga, bàra, lòkva, nirèja, vъrbà, òrex, mòrkov, tìkva, rjàpa, kos, cik/čik.In this way, we aim to demonstrate, that Bulgarian lexical stock (the words of which, in many cases, have also been loaned to the Romanian language) is an important element of a large, global, archaic network which has expanded itself over space and a long period of time, illustrating important milestones in the development of humanity over several millennia and pre-dating the Slavic or even Indo-European context.

DES DESIRS ET DES MOTS

Author(s): Bilyana Mihaylova / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2021

This article analyzes the etymology of the words expressing the notion of ‘desire’ in Bulgarian and Romanian, two of the members of the Balkan Sprachbund. The Romanian language is particularly interesting as it has undergone a strong Slavic influence. The etymological comparison of the words designating the notion of desire in the two languages shows us that there is no common etymon in Bulgarian and Romanian, which is inherited from Indo-European via Old Bulgarian and Latin respectively. Words expressing ‘desire’ in Romanian have a heterogeneous origin. Of the 16 words examined, only 6 are inherited from Latin, 2 are borrowed from French, and only one from Greek, while 7 lexemes are of Slavic origin. Six of the borrowed words show a semantic evolution from the source term. Four Romanian words, denoting the notion of desire in Romanian, are etymologically or semantically related to the notion of pain. Bulgarian words for desire manifest a greater diversity compared to Romanian words. The semantic fields of the primary notions from which the lexemes denoting ‘desire’ coincide in the two languages are the following: ‘to be thirsty’; ‘to seek, to ask’; ‘to say, to pronounce’; ‘aspiration’; ‘daydream’. In Bulgarian, there are no words which are linked to the original notion of pain (except for one dialectal verb), but instead another primary meanings such as ‘to be gluttonous’, ‘to melt’ and ‘to languish in love’ appear.

СУБСТАНТИВИРОВАННЬІЕ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЬІЕ И ПРИЧАСТИЯ С КОНКРЕТНЬІМ ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ В СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬІХ СЛАВЯНСКИХ ПИСЬМЕННЬІХ ПАМЯТНИКАХ

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

The article examines the substantive use of adjectives and participles of concrete meaning in medieval Slavic written monuments. An attempt has been made for semantic classification, according to the named substantive base of the motivational phrase, and within its framework – according to the named adjectival base of the substantive. Some peculiarities of their usage are traced, as well as the arising paradigmatic relations in the system. A comparison is made between the analyzed category of words historically and its status in our modern discourse.

BUCHBESPRECHUNG: BARDHYL DEMIRAJ (HG.) (2020). ALTALBANISCHE SCHRIFTKULTUR – AUS DER PERSPEKTIVE DER HISTORISCHEN LEXIKOGRAPHIE UND DER PHILOLOGIE DER GEGENWART – AKTEN DER 6. DEUTSCH-ALBANISCHEN KULTURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN TAGUNG (27. SEPTEMBER 2019. B

Author(s): Helmut Wilhelm Schaller / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2021

Review of latest

За някои българо-полски паралели в областта на разговорната лексика

Author(s): Petar Sotirov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Polish Issue: XXXIII/2020

Colloquial lexis formed as a result of metaphorization is analysed in more detail. At the end of the article, conclusions are presented which show both similarities and some significant differences between the two languages. The author’s interpretation of the reasons that led to this condition is also suggested.

Пояснените думи в среднородопските възрожденски писмени паметници с гръцко писмо (Особености и тенденции в речниковото вариране)

Author(s): Georgi Mitrinov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Issue: XXXIII/2020

Rhodopean revival; history of Bulgarian language; Rhodope revival written tradition; lexical features

Степен на проява на признака при превод от руски (върху оценъчни прилагателни от оригиналния текст на „Майстора и Маргарита“ на Булгаков и неговия превод на български и на английски)

Author(s): Ivo B. Panchev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian Issue: XXXIII/2020

The comparative study of languages with various degree of relation is a linguistic subject that would always be relevant. Foreign language knowledge is an essential requirement for the deep analysis of a native language against the backdrop of an extensive palette of lexical phenomena. Foreign language learning in its own right is closely connected with the theory and practice of translation, and therefore, as a number of scholars have duly observed, the attribute of translatability could be included as a prerequisite for interlinguistic comparison. The interest in the contrastive study of vocabulary most certainly indicates a confirmed interest in translation and the practice of translation. Among the noteworthy linguistic situations in view of translation, there are those with discernible degree of sign expression. The contrastive analysis of such examples provides us with valuable information.

New edition of Yordan Zaimov’s study of the Bitola inscription

Author(s): Ivona Karachorova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Shigeaki Sugeta. Manuale di Linguistica Romanza (Romance Gengogaku Gairon) Tokyo: Waseda University Press, 2019, viii + 243pp.

Author(s): Yusuke Kanazawa / Language(s): Italian Issue: 16/2021

Questo volume è un‘introduzione in lingua giapponese alla linguistica romanza. Il suo obiettivo è chiarire i processi grazie ai quali le lingue romanze si sono formate e sviluppate dal latino (i). In altre parole, si tratta di uno studio sulla diacronia delle lingue romanze o sulla linguistica romanza nel quadro tradizionale, tramandata dal tempo di F. Diez e W. Meyer-Lübke.Shigeaki Sugeta, Professore Emerito presso l‘Università Waseda di Tokyo e autore di questo volume, è un linguista specializzato in linguistica romanza, soprattutto nell‘ambito dell‘italiano e del sardo. L‘autore sostiene da molto tempo l‘importanza dello studio delle lingue romanze minoritarie per conoscere l‘intera storia dei loro sviluppi. Tra i manuali di linguistica romanza pubblicati dai ricercatori giapponesi, abbiamo Shimaoka (1986), Ito (2007), Kobayashi (2019) ecc.1. Rispetto a questi studi, il presente manuale è un‘introduzione ben bilanciata nel senso che guarda non solo alle lingue romanze maggioritarie, ma anche a quelle minoritarie. Inoltre, il capitolo VI tratta la formazione delle parole nelle lingue romanze, argomento che non è stato ancora discusso in maniera soddisfacente all‘interno degli studi pubblicati finora in Giappone.L‘indice di questo volume è il seguente: I. Introduzione, II. Il latino volgare come fonte comune, III. Fonetica e fonologia delle lingue romanze, IV. Grammatica delle lingue romanze, V. Lessico delle lingue romanze, VI. Formazione delle parole nelle lingue romanze, e VII. Proprietà delle singole lingue romanze.

Сръбските окцидентализми на –ичар в т.нар. „македонски jазик“ – огромен елемент на лексикална сърбизация

Author(s): Venelin Nikolaev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article thoroughly exemplifies all 168 headwords ending in –ičar in so called ‘Makedonski jazik’ (i.e. the official language standard of the Republic of North Macedonia) of Western European origin (Occidentalisms) in comparison with Standard Bulgarian as well as with Serbo-Croatian by tracing their origin and history of borrowing through Serbo-Croatian from German as their most plausible primary source. The language in question is labelled as “Yugo-Macedonian” – an author’s proposal in his previous publication. The primary conclusion was that those Occidentalisms give a more Serbian look to the whole lexical stock examined, wich contributes to the further distancing of Yugo-Macedonian from its Bulgarian character at least in its more sophisticated lexicon.

JAPANESE PROVERBS BETWEEN EQUIVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE AND ENGLISH INTO ROMANIAN. AN ANALYSIS FROM THE SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC POINT OF VIEW

Author(s): Oana Florina Avornicesei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The current paper takes a comparative look at a selection of Japanese proverbs and their translation into English to their Romanian equivalents. The English translation belongs to David Galeff, the author of the book ‘Japanese Proverbs. Wit and Wisdom’ from which stems the selection of proverbs which are the object of the current analysis. The Romanian translation applies two methods. It tries to find an equivalent in Romanian, both in terms of wit i.e. wording or sense and in terms of wisdom i.e. meaning or reference. As such the two perspectives of analysis are semantic and pragmatic. The aim is firstly to find an equivalent in meaning and reference to a relevant wisdom inspired by reality and life. If such an equivalent is not found, alternative translations are attempted using other translation procedures,such as modulation or even adaptation. The theoretical framework used is the one Vinay and Dalbernet outlined in their ‘Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation’. This is a translational attempt to look towards the East and towards the West and see how different and how similar they are in the way they understand life and express that understanding. The aim of the analysis is to see to what extent it can identify corresponding ways of wording or equivalent forms of expression in Romanian for the wit and the wisdom incapsulated in the Japanese proverbs, via the English language.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF DONALD TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECH VIA TWITTER

Author(s): Shaalan Najem Abdullah Shammari / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Although social media was used in the 2008 presidential campaign, it became increasingly important in the 2016 election. Presidents have had to adopt and adapt to new technology in the past as well, and this has had a long-term effect on political discourse. Politicians now have new tools for communicating with the public, thanks to the internet and social media. An important goal of this paper is to examine how political speech has evolved over time, particularly in light of social media's role in political campaigning, and how Donald Trump used social media as a means of political communications. A discourse-historical approach of critical discourse analysis (CDA), has been applied in this study to carry out the analysis that would determine Trump's speech techniques. The results of this study demonstrate how President Trump's used language to influence his audience. Overall, this research paper will focus on Trump’s discourse strategies and how he employed them to create positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation.