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Parfianowicz-Vertun examines the role of literacy practices and verbal creativity in Czech underground culture. She focuses on ways in which underground artists used writing and the written words; the tension between writing and alternative culture, which was largely based on the spoken word; as well as situations in which the act of writing became a performance of sorts. The article explores various aspects of underground culture: music, poetry, fine art and samizdat publishing.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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Defended PhD theses in Bulgaria in the field of linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography and art studies
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„La buona figliuola” („The Accomplish’d Maid”) is an opera buffa in three acts by Niccolò Piccinni and Carlo Goldoni. The librettist based his text on Samuel Richardson’s novel „Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded”. It was performed for the first time at the Teatro delle Dame, Rome on 6th February 1760 with an all male cast. It was a big success and „La buona figliuola” took Europe by storm. Every European opera house had this opera in its repertoire. The performances were in: Barcelona, Prague, Vien, Dresden, London, Berlin, Mannheim and Paris. This opera was probably performed even in Beijing by Jesuits in 1778. „La buona figliuola” was so popular in Europe that Stanisław August Poniatowski, the King of Poland, wished it for his coronation ceremony. The performance took place at the National Theatre on 7th August 1765, just five years after the world premiere. This opera was also very popular in Warsaw. People loved the story of a simple and good maid Cecchina. Seventeen years later, Wojciech Bogusławski, the director of the National Theater, translated and adapted Goldoni’s opera and named it „Czekina albo cnotliwa panienka” („Czekina or a Virtuous Maid”). He performed it in 1782 with big success. First of all, the article describes the historical context of the creation of libretto – the Carlo Goldoni’s biography. Next, it presents the story of maid Cecchina and the phenomenon of the description of the Polish theories of translation from the 18th century, the Polish version of the opera – „Czekina or a Virtuous Maid”, is presented. Finally, two versions of the libretto – the Goldoni’s and the Bogusławski’s, are compared.
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The paper considers the problem of personality development of young people in the Russian literature of the 18th–21st centuries. The continuity of the traditions established in the Russian literature of the 18th–19th centuries is observed based on the autobiographical prose of M.N. Murav’ev (“An Inhabitant of the Suburbs”), S.T. Aksakov (“The Childhood Years of Bagrov Grandson”, “The Family Chronicles”), V.P. Krapivin (“The Sixth Bastion”), F.A. Kamalov (“Hello, Artem!”), and B.G Weiner (“A Lapwing along the Road”). These authors refer in their works to the acute problems of childhood and adolescence: moral and spiritual development of the young person, confrontation between the good and evil among children and in their souls, questions concerning protection of the world of children from adults, and relationships between adults and children. The conclusion is made that modern literary works addressed to children form a sustained interest in reading by motivating to it in enjoyable, playful, and seriocomic manner. They proclaim the positive role of books in the development of moral qualities of children and adolescents.
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The present paper for the first time deals comprehensively with the problem of Russian educational realism as a system in the national literary culture of the 1760s–1820s in the context of basic literary discussions of the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. The hypothesis of the core role of this phenomenon in the development of Russian literature at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, its syncretical orientation, as well as genre and thematic character is introduced. The prognostic conclusions about the holistic ideology of educational realism in Russia from the perspective of the leading concepts of rationality/emotionality, duty/ virtue, value of a human person without regard to their social class are drawn on the basis of a wide range of historical-literary and literary-theoretical materials. Furthermore, ways of finding prospects for investigating ideologemes of the educational realism and the Enlightenment in the focus of the so-called “middle culture” tasks in its genesis and development are also outlined in the paper. Autonomy of the genre system of the educational realism movement with interpenetration of prose, poetry and drama, which is peculiar to it, is proved in the paper under review on the basis of the most recent scientific data. The structure of the present paper is defined in line with the described research paradigms and obtained analytical results. A systemic review of the basic discussions in literary studies on the phenomenon of educational realism, its existence and meaning is given in its first part. Dwelling on the concepts of both adherents of this idea and its opponents, the author of the article comes to the conclusion about the crucial significance of the concepts of “educational realism”, in particular in the Russian historical-literary process of the last third of the 18th–the first decades of the 19th centuries. Educational realism is one of the key embodiments of the Enlightenment in Russian literature, the first stage of realism development as artistic vision, and the unique epilogue of the national literary culture of the 18th century. The second section of the paper is devoted to analysis of the ideological and thematic, philosophical and esthetical levels of the Russian educational realism system in the context of generating tasks of the “middle culture” of that time. The author’s position on the problem of genre systematicity of the national educational realism of the period of interest is proposed in the third (concluding part) of the work.
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The children are unique and unforgettable future personalities and should not stay outside the processes of our time as they learn from life. They should not live in an atmosphere of criticism, hostility, ridicule and shame, but in an atmosphere of tolerance, encouragement, praise, integrity, safety, goodwill, friendship and love. The analysis of the current state of Bulgarian education highlights the large number of excluded and drop-out children. In Bulgaria it is observed alarmingly high percentage of children of compulsory school age who are not included in the education system or eventually drop out later. Greater is the share of children at risk, particularly among Roma population.
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The study examines the values of some students in Zlatitsa Municipality by diagnosing their cognitive activity. In meaningful aspect components, factors, terms and conditions forming the face of their value scope are considered. Some rules for prosperous life, stemming from the teachings of God, are highlighted. The results are recorded, analyzed and described as a real consequence of the modern way of thinking and behavior of young people. There stands out the need for knowledge of God and building a system of values in family and school – based on Orthodox catechism and education.
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The article analyses the adverb in the first Bulgarian dictionary – „Slovary bolagrskogo yazika…“ (1885 – 1889) by the russian scientist Alexander Duvernois. For this purpose are used descriptive, comparative-historical and statistical methods. Article, focused on the adverb, is presented – key word, grammatical qualifier (notes), explanatory part and illustrations. Adverbs in the dictionary are classified according to their construction (simple, сompound, derivational) and origin (from adjectives, nouns, verbs, numerals). Different types of pronominal adverbs (interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative, summary and demonstrative) are reviewed.
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One of the leading methodological linguistic trends of the past 20th century is undisputedly linguistic structuralism. The Prague school, also known as the Prague linguistic circle, is one of the first structuralist linguistic schools, being properly defined as functionalist in its essence. Representatives of the Prague school from its classic period (1926 – 1945) and their disciples in the late 20th century give their invaluable contribution to worldwide development of linguistics. The text examines those key concepts of Prague functional structuralism that substantially contributed to the formation and development of functional grammar as we know it in the works of A. V. Bondarko and I. Kutsarov. First, it is R. Jakobson’s concept of binarism, also known as the theory of markedness, that plays a key role in the development of modern linguistics, underlying the morphological concepts of A. V. Bondarko and I. Kutsarov that represent the relations between grammemes of morphological categories through morphological oppositions. Second, the Prague structuralists developed the functional approach to linguistic phenomena and the theory of centre and periphery in language. Both are uniquely elaborated in Bondarko’s functional theory of semantic fields underlying his theory of functional grammar. The latter was not only promoted but also successfully implemented by I. Kutsarov in Bulgaria. And last but not least, much like the Prague linguistic circle, A. V. Bondarko, I. Kutsarov and their disciples evaluate the theoretical significance of synchronic and contrastive studies. Functional grammar, which is to meet many more scientific challenges in the future, undisputedly applies to the study of a particular language as well as to contrastive studies.
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The article discusses the concept of science proposed by Andrzej Trzciński (1749–1823), a Krakow professor of physics during the Enlightenment era. In 1811, he published Uwagi na Rozprawę o krytyce Stanisława Kostki Potockiego [Remarks on Stanisław Kostka Potocki’s Treatise on Critique]. Typically, this text has been perceived by researchers as insignificant, malicious remarks directed at Potocki (1755–1821) and his dissertation.The aim of this article is to show that behind the arguments presented in Uwagi... lies a vision of science, as well as culture and art, distinct from Potocki’s.Firstly, the article introduces the Krakow scholar and explains why he remains relatively unknown. Then, based on an analysis of Uwagi... and comparisons with Potocki’s Critique, it indicates that Trzciński was an advocate of empiricism, a critic of classicism (advocated by Potocki), and a scholar who drew inspiration from sentimentalism and the views of J. J. Rousseau. True to Enlightenment ideals, Trzciński advocated research into Nature, believing that the natural sciences take precedence over other disciplines because they are useful (by facilitating life, improving the quality of life, and serving the common good). Fine arts and aesthetics, according to Trzciński, are reserved for the few and bring limited benefits to society, primarily providing pleasure and entertainment.Moreover, the article also raises the issue of Polish scientific and academic language.
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Virtual discourse is a new stage of modern communication. This publication examines the specifics of communication in the context of the changing communication space. The specifics of virtual communication stand out against the background of the real one, different aspects of virtual discourse are highlighted. Some positives and negatives are revealed, as well as the correlation between virtual and real communication.
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The article is devoted to the main problems of translating phraseological units on the material of Russian and Bulgarian languages. Translation of phraseological units is one of the most difficult issues of translation activity, because when translating these linguistic units there is not just a replacement of one language for another, but there is a collision of different cultures and traditions. Therefore, to achieve a high-quality translation, the translator must not only have an excellent command of both the source and target languages but also be capable of comparing and considering the cultural and national specifics of these languages. Despite the fact that this problematic attracts the attention of many linguists, it is understudied and underdeveloped, and requires in-depth analysis both in theoretical and applied aspects.
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The presence of names from an ethnic minority or foreign personalities within a country’s public sphere is indicative of respect and appreciation for that population, as well as for the culture, literature, and scientific contributions made by its members. Employing a socio-onomastic perspective, this study explores the occurrences of Polish names in the Romanian public domain, focusing on cultural, scientific, religious, and military figures, among others. Regardless of their birthplace, field of activity, or specific connection to the Romanian people, Polish figures have enriched the broader cultural landscape and are commemorated throughout Romania. This occurs both in regions with significant ethnic minority populations and in areas with isolated instances. Street names, school names, hospitals, public institutions, companies, and non-governmental organizations invoke Polish anthroponyms and urbanonyms.
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The paper provides an analysis of prominent Slavic gender literary works from the past two decades, with the focus being on the portrayal of marginalized individuals who experience discrimination. It explores how representatives of this marginalized subculture strive for societal acceptance and the challenges they encounter during the journey of recognition and embracing their unique identities. Furthermore, the text investigates the prevailing attitudes toward LGBTQ+ individuals within the Slavic cultural context. Its objective is to identify commonalities in plot structures and conflict scenarios found in these literary works.
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