Етикетният език в говора на село Шищавец (Република Албания)

Author(s): Miranda Belo / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The report presents material from the speaking community about the blessings and good wishes, the Bulgarians of Shishtavec village (Republic of Albania). The collected material shows a well shaped and very rich category with blessings and good wishes to reveal important features of typological Shishtavec Bulgarians. They are loving, generous and positive emotional stressed. Wishes are associated with good wishes, good health for families, long and happy life, success and more.

Наречни и полунаречни съчетания с предлог в старобългарски език

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The subject of research in this paper are the adverbial and semi-adverbial phrases (with incomplete lexicalization), which derive from the adhesion of preposition to a full-sense word in the medieval Bulgarian language. The empirical material is systematized on the basis of the preposition involved in the word formation, in view of the adjunct determined by the newlyformed adverbs and on the basis of the lexico-grammatical affiliation of the motivating word.

Рецепциja бугарске приповетке код српских младих читалаца – ка интеркултуралном образовану

Author(s): Biljana Soleša / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2019

This paper examines the reception at the Bulgarian stories Serbian high school students as well as their basic knowledge of the literature in the region. The paper is based on the attitudes mihi Bakhtin who stressed that the literature can provide a unique understanding of ourselves and the societies and cultures to which we belong, but also an insight into the lives of others and their cultures and societies. The modern concept of education implies the development and acquisition of student competences. One of them is intercultural competence, which implies the ability to recognize and use cultural differences as one of the learning resources. Literature teaching provides great opportunities for the enhancement of intercultural competence. The aim of this work is that in this particular case, by the results of empirical research point to the need to strengthen intercultural competence and active participation of teaching literature in the concept of intercultural education. The paper presents the results of the reception at the Bulgarian stories high school students. The reception of the literary text and its performance are the factors underlying the teaching of literature, which is based on the acceptance of student work and the effects which it produced thereby. The survey includes stories in the fields of Anton Strashimir, Baja-Ganjo at Irecek Aleko Konstantinov and narrative by wire jovko Jordan. The results of empirical studies confirm our initial hypothesis that the literature of the Balkan people our students virtually unknown. On the other hand, the survey confirms that the reception of the Bulgarian stories in a very satisfactory level, which means “horizon of expectations” is not an obstacle to enrich the content of teaching literature, literature of the Balkan peoples.

Karakteristike jezika sandžačkih Bošnjaka u Istanbulu

Author(s): Christoph Giesel / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 91-92/2023

Between 1878 and 1970, a large number of Bosniacs from the territories of today’s Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo and (Northern-)Macedonia emigrated in several waves to the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. Estimates regarding the number of Turkish citizens of Bosniac heritage range between 3 and 9 million, but the number of Shtokavian resp. Bosnian or “Bosniac” speakers only ranges from several ten thousand to a maximum of several hundred thousand. The vast majority of Turkish Bosniacs living in Istanbul originate from the Serbian and Montenegrin Sandžak which their families left in the 1950s and 1960s due to various reasons. Despite the rigid assimilation policies pursued by the Turkish state in the 20th century, they succeeded in retaining certain forms of their “Yugoslav-Muslim” or Bosniac ethnicity within the context of their social and linguistic embeddedness in Turkey where they are subject to a mixture of Turkish assimilation and ethnic revival processes. This is why this community displays numerous and multi-faceted aspects of identity, social, linguistic and ethnic attitudes as well as collective memories. Furthermore, their South Slavic Shtokavian ethno-language which is threatened by extinction is characterised by specific influences and idiosyncrasies which in their combination are unique to Turkey’s Bosniac community. It is composed of the following important features: i) dialects from the region of origin, ii) specific features of the Serbo-Croat or Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standard languages which are mixed with each other, iii) influences of the Ottoman and the modern Turkish standard languages, iv) lexical, syntactic and morphological changes and loss or errors in regards to case, gender, tense and other verb forms which are due to the general loss of language knowledge and v) a way of speaking which is inspired by lexical and grammatical deficits and which is often based on paraphrasing and improvisation. In the previous issue of Almanah (no. 89-90), an essay by the author on the Turkey-Bosniacs already thematized the aspects of time periods and reasons of migration, distribution, number, ethnonyms, language names and other special features, ethnic identities, assimilation and ethnic revival processes, socio-linguistic attitudes and characteristics as well as other historical, political and social issues. The concluding section of the paper presented assessments, theses and discussion aspects about the significance and preservation of the historical, cultural, ethnic, social and linguistic characteristics of the Slavic population in Turkey on the one hand and the meaning of the language type and the socio-linguistic attitudes of the Bosniacs in Istanbul within the context of the language science paradigms and politics of language nationalism in several states of the former Yugoslavia on the other hand. These presentations form the basis for the second essay in this present issue, which deals, from a purely linguistic perspective, with reflections and analyses of selected dialectal and contact-linguistic features of the spoken South Slavic / Shtokavian (Turkish-influenced) language of the Bosniacs from Istanbul. Here, the article focuses on the following aspects: general language characteristics, specific language and dialect features of Southwest Slavic, Shtokavian origin, Turkish language features and influences (lexis, phonetics, syntax, features of written language use), foreign language influences and Slavic/Bosniac influences in spoken Turkish. Finally, the linguistic-political discussion aspects and arguments already addressed in the previous article will be revisited and supplemented by incorporating the results of the linguistic analyses of this essay.

Historical and Social Aspects of Migration in Marina Lewycka’s 𝐴 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑈𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑛

Author(s): Ingrida Eglė Žindžiuvienė / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article analyses migration as a modern-day phenomenon and discusses the most common reasons for emigration out of Ukraine, as described in the novel 𝐴 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑈𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑛 (2005) by the contemporary British author Marina Lewycka (b. 1946), a descendant of post-Second World War Ukrainian immigrants. The novel alludes to many historical facts that reveal Ukraine’s painful past and represents the lives of Ukrainian immigrants in the UK. Its close examination of a Ukrainian family reveals characteristics typical of post-Second World War migrants from eastern Europe. The article also discusses the history of the emigration of Ukrainians into the UK, dwells on different periods and types of migrants, and focuses on the cross-cultural problems of migration described in Lewycka’s novel.

Burcu Alkan and Çimen Günay-Erkol, Editors. 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑑 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

Author(s): Hristo Boev / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Комуникативна граматика на българския език за преподаване в билингвална среда

Author(s): Stoyan Burov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The study draws comparison between the selected volume of grammatical material, its structure and teaching in monolingual (Bulgarian-speaking) and bilingual environment. The features of communicative grammar for bilinguals are outlined in view of the goal of teaching, namely learners to master skills and practice to form and use grammatically correct and communicatively appropriate utterances.

The Effectiveness of Peer-Tutoring in Improving Pronunciation and Fluency of Tourism Students

Author(s): Cristina Galullo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The present paper is aimed at exploring the effectiveness of a cross-year individual peer-tutoring program in improving pronunciation and fluency of ten students from a Technical Degree Program (TSU) in Specialized Tourism Services who attended a series of language tutoring sessions provided by a sophomore of Modern Languages majoring in English teaching. Data come from different sources (audio files, observation, questionnaire, written reflection) and involve all the participants (researcher, tutor, tutees) for triangulation. The research findings showed benefits to all parties involved. The students improved their oral sub-skills, the student-teacher’s instruction was effective and also helped the tutees to become aware of their learning process, feel more self-confident and less anxious at the moment of speaking. Such evidence also denotes that the tutor enhanced her teaching skills by acting as advisor as well, confirming the assumptions the author of the present study made when reviewing the literature.

Аксиологизацията на Достоевски в руската литература в българската литературна критика от 20-те и 30-те години на XX век

Author(s): Dechka Chavdarova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The text reveals the criteria for axiologisation of Dostoevsky’s work in the Bulgarian literary press from the 1920s and 1930s (ideological, instrumental, ethical, pragmatic / patriotic, aesthetic) by tracing its readings from the viewpoint of the “Russian soul“, the “Slavic idea“, and universal ideas. The texts of Bulgarian literary critics reveal the evolution of the reception of Dostoevsky’s work – from the idea of ts being foreign to Bulgarian mentality, to the transformation of his ideas into “one’s own“.

Език, литература и идеи в древноирландския абецедарий „Altus Prosator“

Author(s): Rosen Milanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The Latin Christian literature in Ireland is a specific linguistic, literary and theological area. One of the works of this type of literature is “Altus Prosator” whose author is unknown, probably St. Columba of Iona († 610). In this article, the linguistic specifics, literary characteristics and theological ideas in the ancient Christian hymn are discussed. Linguistically, it stands out because of the presence of foreign loans and some unusual forms. From a literary point of view, it is an abecedarius (an alphabetical poem) without steps, but with rhyme. In a theological perspective, the poem is a kind of а confession of faith, а poetic history of salvation and a paraphrase of the biblical book “Apocalypsis”. All these circumstances make “Altus Prosator” the most valuable work of Ancient Irish Christian literature.

Пiвденнослов’янськi мовнi риси в Закарпатський ойконимiï

Author(s): Sviatoslav Verbych / Language(s): English,Ukrainian Issue: 1/2020

The object of analysis in the proposed article is the names of the Transcarpathian settlements of Galabor, Hrushevo, Dragovo, Kushtanovitsa, Nyagovo, isei, Peshnhera, and its subject - the various South Slavic (Bulgarian) linguistic elements in the Transcarpathian region. The position and role of South Slavic (Bulgarian) language elements of Ukrainian Transcarpathia toponymicon, primarily in the names of settlements, are identified.

Селищни и местни имена, съхранили етнонима „печенег“

Author(s): Darina Cherneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Отражението на северните тракийски говори върху географските имена в Елховско

Author(s): Zahari Mishev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Agoronimy i hodonimy jako wyraz ideologii, kultury i propagandy w okupowanej Polsce podczas II wojny oewiatowej

Author(s): Piotr Owsiński / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of the trends in the changing of the names for streets and squares of a selection of towns and villages in the Busko County during the Second World War. The examples are sorted because of the function of the name: the hodonyms, which show a direction, the hodonyms with the lokalization function, the possessive hodonyms, the hodonyms with describing function, the names of streets, which remind about the important people or events. Despite of it is drawn the attention to the tendencies of the naems’ giving in each place.

Имената на братя и сестри, родени през периода 2008–2017 г. (по данни от анкетно проучване)

Author(s): Rada Levkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The paper présents a study on the names of brothers and sisters born in the period of 2008 - 2017. The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire filled by the parents. The aim is to fînd ont if the names tend to hâve the sanie common characteristics as the ones noted in an earlier research.

СРПСКИ ПРЕВОД ХЕКСАБИБЛОСА ПЕТРА ВИТКОВИЋА

Author(s): Sima Avramović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/1984

A small number o sources still offer information that, in the last decade of the XVIII century, the Yegarian priest Petar Vitković translated the famous work of the Thessalonika jurist Constantin Armenopulos »Hexabybloss« in to the Serbian language by order of the Archbishop Stratimirović. Although this Serbian translation of the famous Vizantinian codex, unknown and virtually unrecorded in the Yugoslav literature of the history of law, has not been preserved, since the manuscript was burnt in Budapest in 1810, the author has made an attempt to analyse its legal and political significance, as well as the couse of its origin, on the basis of the scarce-direct and indirect- sources. Two groups of conditions can be distinguished as the possible motivation of the Serbian priests to decide upon this translation: firstly, clerical and legal factors; secondly, national and political factors. The disorderly and incomplete state of the Orthodox Canonian law, which was in use in the residence of the Archbishop, Karlovac, for the Serbian people in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, necessitated the systematic classification of especially the so-called authoritative church (clerical) sources. Whats more, the motive for this translation was also the necessity of the modernization of the Orthodox Church marriage and family law, simultaneously with the aspiration of preserving its authority. On the other hand, the translation of the Orthodox Vizantinian Codex, which at that time had been published in the new Greek and Bulgarian languages, and had successfully been in use among the Orthodox — religious people under the Otoman rule, was in agreement with the main policy of the Serbian Orthodoc Church clergy. That policy was, the struggle for the preservation of the Orthodox religion, the idea of national emancipation, and the discrete political inclination toward Russia. However, there are no absolutely verified facts to prove that there was also the aspiration inaugurate the implementation of Roman law in the process, and bring it closer to Austrian law, nor that it was the expression of the wish to enliven the Medieval Serbian State and legal tradition. The translation, however, does clearly represent an attempt to bring closer Greek and Vizantinian legal literature to the clerical and legal culture of the Serbian people in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the last decade of the XVIII century.

Лексикални средства за манипулативно въздействие в немското и българското медийно пространство в условията на COVID-19

Author(s): Milena Ivanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,German Issue: 3/2021

The article discusses the lexical means for manipulative influence in the German and Bulgarian media space in the conditions of COVID-19. The body of the study includes examples excerpted from media texts published on a total of 100 (50 German and 50 Bulgarian) websites. The analyzed media texts are articles in which speeches and comments of leading scientists, politicians and patients are integrated. The study is based on the contrastive approach and focuses on the pair of languages Bulgarian and German. The comparison of the used lexical means allows conclusions about their frequency, degree of manipulativeness and significance for the construction of opinion in society and its management in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Националнокултурни специфики на соматичните фразеологични единици в българския и в японския език (от гледна точка на тяхната продуктивност)

Author(s): Katya Marinova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

Phraseology is more or less a way to express differences in traditions and beliefs of different nations. The aim of present work is to analize the productivity of Somatic phraseological units ((SPhU) in Bulgarian and Japanese languages and their national and cultural specifics as well as to determine the basic spheres in which SPhU differ. Generally, these spheres can be classified as: differences in cuisine and manners of eating; different points of view; different ways to use hyperbole; different points of evaluation; differences in customs; different specific national goods etc.; difference in religions; different SPhU that come from superstitions; differences in metaphors and direct comparisons, difference in degrees of irony.

Използване на електронни тестове за самоподготовка в чуждоезиковото обучение

Author(s): Vanya Ivanova,Gergana Petkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The main aim of this research is to present electronic tests for self-study used in foreign language learning, to focus on some of their advantages, and to define several criteria based on Bloom’s taxonomy in order to facilitate the process of test construction. Examples for test items are given in conformity with each of these criteria. A comparison is made between teaching two languages – English and Latin, and some differences are emphasized. The test criteria, traditionally used to develop tests in English as a foreign language, have been applied to Latin for medical purposes. The resulting self-study tests contain more varied test questions ranging from simple to more complex, which is stimulating and beneficial to learners of different medical academic specialties.

Лирик в епохата на развития социализъм и високоразвития капитализъм: Бодлер на Димитър Аврамов и Валтер Бенямин

Author(s): Vladimir Sabourin / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

This study considers two major interpretations of Charles Baudelaire: Dimitar Avramov’s first and only Bulgarian biography and Walter Benjamin’s monograph A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Both are put in the aesthetic and social context of the Bulgarian late “developed socialism” and postmodernist “peaceful transition” from socialism to capitalism.