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Kontaktusjelenségek vizsgálata a külső régiók magyar nyelvváltozataiban és a Termini magyar–magyar szótár

Author(s): Attila Benő / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the possibilities for researching phenomena of language contact in Hungarian variants spoken in the states neighbouring Hungary, focusing on the Termini online dictionary and database. The lexicographical database is edited online in 7 countries, and it makes possible the study of direct and indirect linguistic influences in context, as they can be noted in the Hungarian variants spoken in bilingual contexts. As the lexicographical items of the dictionary contain abundant information about stylistic value, meaning, usage, and etymological issues, the database can also be used efficiently in sociolinguistic, lexical, descriptive linguistic, and stylistic studies.

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Román eredetű kicsinyítő képzős származékok az Erdélyi Magyar Szótörténeti Tárban

Author(s): Borbála Zsemlyei / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Diminutive suffixes form a special category within the system of denominal suffixes. Their function is not primarily the formation of a new word but to suggest some semantic nuances, wherefore diminutives are not typical suffixes. As a result, diminutives are wide-spread in various languages; however, their occurrence, productivity, and structuredness varies. The analyses of such nouns that contain a -ka morpheme but their meaning has nothing in common from a historic point of view with the notion of smallness (and are not lexicalized), is so problematic that one might come to the conclusion that this suffix (due to foreign influence) is a simple denominal suffix, it is only homonymous with the diminutive. In the Hungarian language used in Transylvania, the ending of some Romanian loanwords is considered to be a diminutive, although in the source language it has no such function. A good example for this are the entry words subica, subika of The Historical Dictionary of the Hungarian Language in Transylvania, as their meaning is “small fur coat”, whereas in the source language it has the meaning of “short fur coat”. So, a group of phonemes is attributed the function of a morpheme that is absent in Romanian.

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Egy nyelvjárássziget jellegének vizsgálata hangstatisztikai módszerrel

Author(s): Csaba Attila Both / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

European plurilingualism is multifaceted, and it includes a wide range of language varieties as well. One such type of language variety is represented by dialects as the most basic, collective form of speech. The Hungarian language lists several dialectal varieties: the ones that differ from others not only linguistically but in the aspects of settlement and social history are the most interesting.In my paper, I discuss Hungarian-language enclaves using the method of sound statistics to see how it can be shown that a particular settlement or research point (in our case, Magyardécse from the Mezőség region) differs significantly from the language varieties spoken around it, and thus it can be considered an enclave.

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Megtartó és nyomasztó örökségek térközében

Author(s): Beáta Thomka / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

To interpret one of the conference’s discussion points, I based my paper on the essays of internationally renowned writers of the 20th-21st centuries. One of the theoretical basis is given by Pascale Casanova’s study entitled Literature as a World. The writers often make references to the differences and disadvantages of civilization that influence the development of national literature. The gap between the Western cultures of a rich literary tradition and the literature of colonized regions is always noticed by writers. In the evaluation of the ars poetica poems and the writing careers, the different nuances of the intermediary appear as a basic form of culture. Its variants may include dualities defined by the family’s linguistic, religious, and cultural aspects. Inherited and acquired languages also influence the coagulation of identity. Historical and political phenomena play an equally important role in the fate of individuals, generations, and communities. The situations caused by these factors, the crisis, and the ordeals will influence the self-perceptions and the artistic orientations either directly or indirectly. Adherence to the various national or spiritual communities, groups, and artistic trends takes place through the acquisition of identity models. Casanova’s conception of space of universal literature comes to reform the 19th-century idea of universal literature based on translations: “The mechanisms through which this literary universe functions are the exact opposite of what is ordinarily understood by ‘literary globalization’.” The authors of intercultural openness are searching for answers to the universal questions of human existence in their languages, based on their own artistic and historical experiences.

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A kivándorlóhajó mint a köztes lét szimbóluma

Author(s): Magda Ajtay-Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The causes and consequences of the Hungarian emigration to the United States at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries offer a rich field of investigation for various disciplines. The integration of the sociological, statistical, political, and literary aspects provides a productive approach to study the complex phenomenon of immigration. The immigrant ship both in concrete and in metaphorical sense can be regarded as a dynamic intermediate space linking the old country and the desired new one representing the cross-section of the emigrant society with its typical and atypical characters. The work of Sándor Tonelli, a journalist, provides an authentic picture of the twenty-three-day voyage of an immigrant ship from Fiume to New York. During the transatlantic voyage, the passengers not only get further and further away from their native country in space, but the voyage is also the starting-point of a painful process that finally concludes in identity loss and language shift. The parallel study of the different issues linked to the transatlantic migration proves that the themes and motifs occurring in Kaliforniai fürj [Californian Quail], a contemporary Hungarian novel, a family saga written by Imre Oravecz, coincide with the problems studied by sociologists, linguists, and psychologists, and thus the form of the novel is suitable to present to a larger reading public the theme of immigration and the different stages of assimilation as an inevitable consequence.

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A lélek a testtől

Author(s): Emese Egyed,Orsolya Láng / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

In the history of literature and visual arts, planets have been perceived as reflections of human (or human-like) and virtual life, and as such they have often become scenes for utopian or satirical stories. When the search for perspective is seen as a shift in dimensions, it is associated with a strong visual content. The evolution of (cinematographic) techniques has opened up new horizons for the genre of science fiction, allowing it to fulfil its biggest challenge: to show a picture of something hidden from the human eye. The two authors of the paper focus on the dynamics of the Earth and its “star”, aiming to present a comparative analysis of the creative procedures of critical thinking.

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Narratív struktúra és identitás Illyés Gyula Puszták népe (1936) című művében

Author(s): Csilla Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The study examines the relationship between the implied author and the narrator in Gyula Illyés’s work titled Puszták népe [People of the Plains], using the approach of rhetoric narratology. Together with the first volume of Márai’s Egy polgár vallomásai [Confessions of a Bourgeois], the prose work of Illyés is an outstanding piece of interwar Hungarian literature; both can be regarded as the modern manifestation of representational literature. Whereas Márai’s work tried to repair the broken model of the bourgeois identity, Illyés gave voice to a silent identity which had not even existed in a socio-cultural sense.Rhetorical narratology considers literary works as intentional communication taking place in multiple interacting channels. Phelan (2011, 2018) redefined the narrative communication model (Chatman 1978) in which the narrator loses its privileged role. In his model, communication takes place between the implied author/the author, the authorial audience, and the actual reader. In his conception, the narrator is only one of the many ways of creating impact; the implied author can be regarded as a streamlined version of the author characterized by a certain way of writing. The implied author makes every decision, even on how to use the figure of the narrator. Being a mixed genre work, Puszták népe is particularly suitable for demonstrating the role of the implied author as the source of poetic effects and narrative communication. The main poetic and ethical principle is a confrontation involving all components of narrative communication. The narrator’s autobiographical narrative is mixed with the non-literary texts inserted by the implied author. The dynamics comes from the interaction between the texts taken from two different sources, in the course of which various communication channels come into play and start to interact with each other. The texts are inserted into the autobiographical narrative by the narrator, but the real intent is that of the implied author who tries to achieve confrontation through the inserted texts. The juxtaposed texts are contrasted with each other by the authorial audience to achieve the implied author’s goal: the presentation of an isolated subculture.

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Köztes (kultúr)terek Márai Sándor Egy polgár vallomásai című önéletrajzi regényében

Author(s): László V. Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The paper applies the terms “cultural space”, “memorial space”, and “hybrid space” for analysing the autobiographical novel Confessions of a Bourgeois published by Hungarian author Sándor Márai in 1934. Cultural space will be thereby regarded as spaces where several cultures are simultaneously present such as in Kassa/Kosice, where the author was born and grew up, or in Germany, where he studied and practised journalism. Also questions like 1) in which way can cultural spaces become spaces in between? or 2) under what conditions can they correspond to Homi Bhabha’s concept of “third space”? will be examined.

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Az emlékezéstől az elbeszélésig. Nádas Péter Világló részletek című művének köztes terei

Author(s): Irén Bandi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

My questions connected to Peter Nádas’s literary work are, on the one hand, how the narrator steps over the border of the consciousness that directly experiences the present, how he finds the memories of the past, and how he can follow his own internal journey as an objective spectator. On the other hand, there is an additional fundamental question that arises – namely, how the narrator steps over his own subjective experiences and how he reaches such world experiences that are not part of his direct cognition. I would like to examine how the narrator reaches the common stories, deliberately ignoring the instruments of fiction and imagination, how he steps over the space in-between, which the mind surely perceives between I and you, between my world and the other’s world.

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Faludy és a szirének: egy visszautasítás története

Author(s): Gábor Csiszár / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

In the beginning of the eighties, George Faludy, the “Ulysses of the 20th century”, heard the siren songs of Hungarian literature policy, but he refused those two tempting requests. Both endeavours related to Miklós Béládi. In 1981, he edited an anthology of emigrant literature (Vándorének). Faludy declined the offer even though from 1964 onwards he had repeatedly attempted to get published in Hungary and had even been censored. He had three arguments. The fee would be paid only during a stay in Hungary, yet it had not been a problem for him before. The selection was politically unilateral since the volume would have included poems only against the American existence despite the absence of his many anti-communist pieces. Later he added the most interesting controversy: the quarantine space in between that he would not have liked to appear only among emigrant poets, under the label “Western Literature”. Regarding Faludy, an undivided Hungarian literature exists by itself, and only transborder writers should use the label transborder and emigrant literature, not Budapest.In 1982, Béládi and his colleagues wrote a manual on transborder Hungarian literature (A magyar irodalom története 1945–1975. IV. A határon túli magyar irodalom). As I will demonstrate, not only did Faludy write an article indulging in personal criticism of the book, but he also mentioned some mistakes up to his last days – even though sometimes Faludy confused Béládi with another scholar, Miklós Szabolcsi.For the paper, I have collected the private letters from the Hungarian National Library and the archive of the Faludy family in Portsmouth; further, I have used his noted library and have cited from the published Faludy oeuvre.

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Emlékezettérkép, irodalmi haza

Author(s): Krisztina Nemes / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The Franco era’s forced industrialization policy wiped off the map the Aragonese mining town, the old Mequinensa. The inhabitants fought for fifteen years to survive and managed to preserve the community in a newly built town. Jesús Moncada immortalized the communicative memory of the city, in a novel form, thus conveying a unique literary witness to the destruction and history of his birthplace as a chronicler of Mequinensa from its storytellers’ tradition. His main work is a novel: the towpath that draws a map of the town’s memory from individual memory threads, showing a pre-modern, small-town community in Aragon, its economic, social and political life, and the ideologically split “two Spains”. The literary form allows understanding through identification, and the reader gains an inside view of the history. This strange viewpoint allows Moncada to remain loyal to the community while unveiling the small-town mechanisms of legend making. Since narrative forms do not inherently contain referentiality, we cannot claim that Moncada is historically authentic only by examining the novel, but the examination of the reception of his works and treatises of history confirm that the history of small places is many ways connected to the central history, and a great creator is able to incorporate a previously unknown universe into a literary public awareness of a national community.

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A folyóirat tere: az átjárás, az összenyitás és a folytonosság textuális és vizuális alakzatai az Új Symposion folyóiratban

Author(s): István Ladányi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The periodical as a communication space inherently comprises the collective presence of its own tradition and necessary revival as well as of the well-defined existing and the non-defined emergent, which means that, due to its periodic nature, it is characterized by the fact that it publishes new content under the same label in every issue. The periodical Új Symposion from Novi Sad indicates continuity in its name: maintaining dialogue. The neo-avant-garde textuality, the process of aesthetic, mental, and social risk-taking, the practice of constant transition across national cultural boundaries, and the need for participating in cultural practices going beyond minority culture manifest themselves also in the visual and textual dimensions of editing periodicals as well: in periodical-editing procedures which create a space defined by the signs of connection, passage, transition, and continuity within each issue and also in subsequent issues. Page-setting characteristics, the cooperation between the products of the fine arts and texts, the dominance of dialogic genres (essay, critique, periodical review, discussion article, commentary), the multitude of serial novels, the participation-inducing practice of cross-cultural journeys beyond literary translations, reviews, critiques and studies, the representation and provocative presence of the periodical’s spirituality in other spaces of publicity (journal shows, debates, performances, meetings, etc.) have all made the periodical a complex formation which goes beyond texts, individual issues, and the printed product.

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Az akác motívuma Fehér Ferenc költészetében

Author(s): Julianna Ispánovics Csapó / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The acacia planted in Europe and brought from North America appears in Hungary at the beginning of the 18th century. The new plant soon becomes very common; its strategic and economic relevance increases in no time at all. The persistent, rapidly adapting plant of great use becomes part of the Hungarian culture as well. Through its artistic, literary, cultural occurrences, it becomes a local species as an identity-forming and -keeping element. Its persistence in the Hungarian culture and literature in Vojvodina is due to Kornél Szeneteleky’s culture-building activity. This cultural heritage is rewritten; some other meanings are also unfolded in Ferenc Fehér’s poetry. The aim of the study is the examination of the acacia motif of the Fehér’s lyric poetry, not least tracking its intertextual occurrences in the context of the Szenteleky-texts and the modern Hungarian literature in Vojvodina.

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A Monarchia árnyékában. A történelmi emlékezet köztes terei a kortárs vajdasági magyar novellákban

Author(s): Gabriella Lódi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Is the Dual Monarchy a literary scenery or a tradition, inheritance? More properly speaking: what kind of scenery is it, and in what sense is it an inheritance? The Monarchy can be defined both as a geographical and historical, intellectual-spiritual scenery. The first and most palpable level of its literary appearance is the common visual experience. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, these memories became symbols that go far beyond themselves and remind us of a richer or at least more liveable life. Besides the reality of the citizens of Vojvodina, who are at the same time Europeans – in the context of the Central European Region –, the analysed short stories (texts by Ottó Tolnai, István Szathmári, and Ildikó Lovas) reflect the tradition of the Monarchy-literature.

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A kulturális emlékezet és szakrális jelenlét köztes terei Lászlóffy Aladár költészetében

Author(s): László Szilárd Szilveszter / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The past more than a half century Transylvanian poetry contains many motifs concerning travel in space and time; these are mostly related to humanity’s past, different historical periods, and important stages of life from birth to death. Lyric tradition and events of distant past also create a fertile breeding-ground for imaginary time journeys and virtual dialogues with various personalities, in the course of which not only the persons addressed but the speakers in the poems take on peculiar masks and identities. Aladár Lászlóffy’s 20th- and 21st-century poetic works excellently illustrate this complex system of relations and meanings, which appears in an allegorical/mythical or tragic/ironic context showing different forms of search for identity. In my presentation, I examine how the intermediate spaces of cultural memory function in Lászlóffy’s poetry, and how different spatial and temporal coordinates connect to great periods of sacrality, literary and artistic tradition, and national history as well as to their social, ideological, and aesthetic/poetic reality.

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Népmeseszövegek spontán és irányított változ(tat)ása – mediális határátlépések és köztességek

Author(s): Erika Tekei / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

In my paper, I examine the spontaneous and directed changes in folktales over the last seventy years. My questions are: how are the concept of tradition, the attitude about tradition, the relation between users, owners, researchers, and vendors of tradition modified and organized by communication technologies and mediums piled into the same period. I follow the folktales, their way from the traditional tellers and their audience to functional tellers today, the transition from orality to literacy, multimedia and some kind of “e-tradition”, and finally the return to the traditional folktale telling. After the Second World War, there came the years of socialism and communism, the period of people’s democracy, and in the given historical-political context everything was controlled by the Communist Party: the organization of compulsory education, the emergence of new communication technologies, the rapid spread of newspapers, magazines, books and later the radio and television, the rapid dissemination of news and information. As a result, the traditional, oral folk culture, the structure of the texts underwent spontaneous and directed changes. The registration and preservation of folklore genres which played an important role in the construction of national and local identity became significant. Turning organic tradition into cultural heritage could and can be done only with the authority of socially well-positioned individuals, but the production and distribution of representations carries the risk of the scientific and representative folklorism.

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A kölcsönösség terei

Author(s): Béla Bíró / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The paper is based on the problematic features of the expression “in-between spaces”. The argumentation approaches the theme from the aspect of cultural relativism. The starting-point is a certain principle which states that neutral cultural spaces do not exist. There is an important conclusion that can be drawn from this statement: what we generally call universalism is not truly universalism but rather another particular culture. In its strict sense, the term “cultural universalism” is nothing more than the sophisticated form of cultural dominance. This does not mean that cultures are incompatible: they are only autonomous. Furthermore, the human mind is capable of being familiar with more cultures and linguistic forms at the same time. The paradox of “in-between spaces” – the aim of the present paper is to prove it – is hidden behind the fact that these do not appear as a certain transition between two different cultures; it is less a mixture of these two, yet they do appear in the minds of the “citizens” from diverse cultural universes. The mentioned phenomenon, however, presupposes reciprocity. If reciprocity cannot exist because controlling ideologies based on false universality make it impossible, the theory of “in-between spaces” may become the cover ideology of cultural space expansion (also called assimilation). The study tries to show the antonym of this false strategy, taking into consideration Johann Wolfgang Goethe’s poem cycle, West-Eastern Divan. Goethe, in fact, is not eager to translate Muslim culture and the poetry of the notable Hafez, but he rather tries to focus on the renewal of specific values of Muslim culture within the specific context of German culture. This renewal is only possible if aspects of power are eliminated from cultural relations, if the principle of dominance can be replaced by the principle of factual reciprocity.

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Otthon az idegenben – köztes terek az utazási irodalomban

Author(s): Katalin Lajos / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The group of texts named travel writing exists from the beginning of written culture, and nowadays, with the growing tourism industry, its popularity is higher than ever. The English terms (travel writing, travelogue, travel literature) show the difficulties of definition in the case of these texts due to the fact that they combine the characteristics of more genres. The distinction between the subtypes of these texts can be done by their dominant features. In my paper, I will discuss the aspects of “in-between-ness” from the point of view of genre, imagology, and identity in William Blacker’s novel published in 2009, entitled Along the Enchanted Way.

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A valóság és a propaganda között. Lengyelország képe Ruffy Péternek a „Varsói hajnal” című útleírásában

Author(s): Marcin Grad / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The basis of my article is made up of three travel memoirs on Poland written by Hungarian authors: Visztula sellője [The Mermaid of the Vistula] (György Somlyó, 1954), A Kárpátoktól a Balti-tengerig [From the Carpathians to the Baltic Sea] (Tibor Pethő, 1956), and Varsói hajnal. Lengyelországi útiélmények [Dawn in Warsaw. Travel Experiences in Poland] (Péter Ruffy, 1961). The aim of my article is to show how these three Hungarian authors saw Poland, the domestic situation in our country, its restoration after the Second World War, its history and culture. I would also like to answer the question as to how strong the communism, the communist propaganda affected the structure and language of these books.

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A magyar és román irodalmi örökségek találkozási pontjai – egy olvasásszociológiai és befogadáselméleti kutatás vázlata

Author(s): Erzsébet Dani / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

McLuhan advises humankind to learn to forget so that the world can become a global village whose inhabitants understand each other’s culture. However, the precondition of the peaceful coexistence of Transylvania’s majority and minority cultures is not forgetting but becoming acquainted with and understanding the other besides the own. Reading each other’s literature is one means – an intermediary cultural space – of such a mutuality. It is also a linguistic and historical border transgression. It means to be confronted with literary material controlled by the language of the other and embedded in the history of the other; furthermore, the mere gesture of reading the other is border crossing in itself; and, thirdly, as for the reception side, the two former cultural transgressions can have an impact on the receiver’s value system. In the foregoing spirit, this paper undertakes to move in the direction of the concrete: it will present the outlines of an impending research, employing the methodology of the sociology of reading and reader-response theory. Using the examples of Ion and Ábel, the proposed research will survey the intercultural reading habits of Székely secondary school students, with special attention to the role that Hungarian and Romanian required readings play in their identity formation. As for the methodology and the theoretical foundation of this empirical research, we will rely on István Kamarás’s sociology of reading. In compiling the questionnaire of what is meant to be a representative survey, we can count on his personal professional assistance.

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