Karl Kraus i Arnold Šenberg

Author(s): Friedrich Pfäfflin / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Proslave stogodišnjica rođenja Karla Krausa i Arnolda Šenberga tokom 1971. godine, izazivaju osećaj da je potomstvo sklopilo mir sa njima. Obojica su tom potomstvu ostavili svoja predviđanja. Šenberg je pri kraju života bio siguran: »Druga polovina ovog stoleća precenjivanjem će pokvariti ono što mi je prva polovina učinila dobrim«. Kraus, koji je za života imao hiljade čitalaca, ipak se osećao pogrešno shvaćenim. Odbacivao je prosto interesovanje za svoje delo i želeo da sačeka dok ne sazru »njegove stvari – kako bi možda postao aktuelan«.

The Use of Multimodal Narrative Techniques in Creating Dystopian Undertones Permeating David Foster Wallace’s Short Fiction

Author(s): Maja Wojdyło / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

L’écriture de l’ironie et la crise des valeurs dans L’insoutenable légèreté de l’être de Milan Kundera

Author(s): Atmane Bissani / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In the present contribution, we aim at dealing with the value crisis as an immediate consequence of the crisis of modernity in the industrialised countries, starting from the part that irony plays as a critical and satirical stylistic device in relation to the Modern Times man and world. Our point of departure in this approach is the novel L’insoutenable légèreté de l’être (1989) by Milan Kundera, a text particularly emblematic of what the Modern Times man is, as well as of what one’s swift turnaround towards the kitsch in the age of technology is.

Ironie du sort, ironie du corps chez Milan Kundera et Philip Kaufman

Author(s): Diana Gradu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

It is rather rare that a film adaptation of a book is faithful, successful and rewarding. The Unbearable Lightness of Being, the novel published by Milan Kundera in 1985 and transcribed cinematographically by Philip Kaufman in 1988, is an exception. The script benefits from Jean Claude Carrière's talented pen and Kundera's characters from the incarnation of Juliette Binoche (Tereza), Daniel Day Lewis (Tomas) and Lena Olin (Sabina). The rest is just a ceaseless play of lights, images, frames and replicas that value a very well written book, unanimously appreciated by the critics and the public. I will try to surprise in both versions - novel and cinematic - the differences and similarities that make them so special. The key, the irony, like a magic lantern that turns seriousness into derision and trifles into a tragic accident.

L’ironie, une complication mentale. À partir de L’insoutenable légèreté de l’être de Milan Kundera

Author(s): Vasile Popovici / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

What is the irony, this sudden burst of a double consciousness within the speech? In all its forms, irony is a playful mismatch: between the word and the real, between the word of earlier and its incongruous sequel, between the apparent and the hidden… And every time irony is a matter of the mind.

Ironie ou sérieux du rire chez Michel Tournier dans Le Roi des Aulnes

Author(s): Evagrina Dîrțu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

“The more I’m laughing, the less I’m joking”, this is how Michel Tournier described the nature and the presence – an obvious one, he hoped – of humour in his whole work. What he aimed at, according to his own words, was a form of humour whose aggravating (as opposed to soothing) purpose was synonymous of a perturbation of all senses, a possibility therefore to reverse what is preestablished and what is anticipated at the same time. Our objective for the present paper is to see if (and how) “white” humour, the “serious” humour that Tournier defines, meets the meanings and the definitions of irony; we also aim at comparing Tournier’s perspective on humour and irony to other authors’ perspectives; and finally, we aim at analysing how this theoretical insight is reflected in his fiction, i.e. in one of his most famous novels, Le Roi des Aulnes.

Auto-ironie, ironie en clin d’oeil et ironie du sort dans le roman de Margareta Miller-Verghy, Une âme s’ouvre à la vie. Blandine

Author(s): Mihaela Bacali / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

What is irony? Can we give it a set definition, if its faces are so diverse and multiple? What can be stated is that literary irony involves a discursive strategy and narrative techniques such as focusing and free indirect discourse, which allow a change of perspective in the narrative. Our approach is to explore the modalities and elements necessary to talk about irony in the novel A Soul Opens to Life. Blandine. The different types of irony that we have identified are: self-irony, winked irony and irony of fate; they intertwine in many fragments and form the clues to textual polyphony. A rhetorical strategy is used to promote ironic communication and the narrative system is adapted to this kind of discourse. Thus the irony of fate appears as an attempt of self-evaluation, but also marks the reader's active position in the process of critical reflection.

L’ironie littéraire et artistique

Author(s): Maria Tronea / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The paper explores the evolution of irony in literature and its relationship to humour, the comical, parody, satire and sarcasm. In the latter part of the paper I expand my area of investigation to the fine arts and seek a common denominator of irony and satire in the works of such painters as Jérôme Bosch, Pieter Bruegel the old, Goya and others.

Visages de l’ironie dans Les Chaises d’Eugène Ionesco

Author(s): Maria-Luisa Ţuculeanu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The concept of irony is the subject of the pages that follow. This very term is often used to suggest the contradiction between what is said and what is done, so that the distance regarding the exterior reality can be easily identified in various contexts. Having this in view, Eugène Ionesco’s work highlights the identitarian dualism through the motif of the double, such as « black » and « white », « colour » and « noncolour », keywords for his drawings and lithographies on the whole. Besides, contradictions also refer to the relation between art and society, which may be defined in terms of a denial. With reference to this aspect, the artistic work is an object, a common one, refusing the existence of some social constraints. What’s more, the language has to do with the irony, consisting of repetitions, interruptions etc. However, our final concern is with visual arts as against theatre - two domains of activity which have significant elements in common - by analyzing the play The Chairs, as well as the lithography with the same title, from the perspective of the irony.

Attitudes poétiques et ironie dans Les Poésies premières de Philippe Beck

Author(s): Fabiana Florescu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In this paper I aim to analyse the way that irony represents a deconstructing and a reformulating mechanism of the poetical experience in the Poésies Premières by Philippe Beck, changing the relations between the poetical exercise and the contemporary, the world and the reader.

Ridicule et parodie dans Bruges-la-Morte

Author(s): Ștefana Gabriela Sîrbu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This article sets out to succinctly propose a different approach to the way Bruges-la-Morte can be read. Starting with a few words describing the author’s childhood and young adulthood, we underline some of the most important aspects that have shaped Rodenbach’s literary taste. Traditionally considered a tragic story, our proposition for the way this text can be read is that of a text written ironically. This idea comes from the fact that the decadent movement starts out as a response to romanticism and by turning against it and negating its core values, ends up turning the decadent texts into a sort of parody (which is in itself a modern aspect).

L’Ironie du sort dans L’archipel d’une autre vie d’Andreï Makine

Author(s): Ana-Maria Roșca / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Two cultures hold the reigns in Andrei Makine’s novels – the Russian matrix and the French catalyst. His characters represent Slavic souls which adopt the French mentality. However, L’Archipel d’une autre vie encompasses the almost imperceptible difference between ideologies considering the manner in which those two people refer themselves to the notion of “fate” and, implicitly, to that of “irony of fate”; it is the Russian phrasing of this concept that unravels the mythical aspect in this universe. In Makine’s writings, this “irony of fate” brings wisdom. Pavel Gartsev rejects the life he had planned upon, a life with fears and beliefs, all the while the woman whom could’ve run away plenty of times proofs her never-ending loyalty and waits 10 days for the man she loves. In the end, these two humans don’t exist anymore. Far away from the world, in the archipelago of Shantar Islands, the animus manages to meet again his anima.

L’ironie - un autrement dit pour en dire des vertes et des pas mûres »

Author(s): Sonia Berbinski / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our article intends to observe the phenomenon of irony at the semantic discursive and rhetorical-argumentative level. We will insist on certain actualisation strategies, particularly discursive antonymy and defrosting. Irony is at the same time bearer of contradictions and trigger of semantic-lexical and discursive antonymy. Irony helps with the re-organisation of language and speech using both linguistic and extra-linguistic (semantic-pragmatic and discursive-argumentative) factors.

Quand les philosophes rient de la religion

Author(s): Anne Staquet / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

While the notion of irony is well suited to certain literary genres, often referred to as minors, it seems less obvious in philosophical discourse and especially when it comes to dealing with such important subjects as theology or the central issues of religion as the immortality of the soul, miracles or the greatness of God. However, in the 17th century, when the Inquisition and the imprimatur were still powerful institutions, surprisingly, there were many examples of the use of irony, particularly in speeches dealing with religious issues. More than political issues, however, it is probably the most monitored theme and should be used to increase respect. How is it that philosophers dare to use irony to deal with these subjects? How do they use irony? And above all, why do philosophers use irony to address certain themes? It is to these questions that I will propose to answer with an approach combining philosophy and rhetorical analysis of the texts. To do this, I will have to place the humorous excerpts in the dynamics of the works and in the historical context.

L’ironie comme technique argumentative dissociative

Author(s): Marius-Octavian Munteanu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The main purpose of this article is to prove that irony can be an efficient argumentative technique, more specifically, a dissociative one, built on logical and psycho-social grounds. From a theoretical point of view, dissociation as argumentative technique was first discussed by Perelman and Tyteca in their famous Treatise of Argumentation: The New Rhetoric and further analyzed and refined in a pragmadialectical approach by the Dutch linguists of University of Amsterdam (and especially Agnes van Rees). Irony can be described as an argumentative technique producing a break between the psychological and conceptual background of the receiver and the actualization of the message. It results therefore an epistemic clash at the receiver in the same way as the argumentative dissociation diverts the existing meanings of a concept carried by the message. Our attempt is to prove that the argumentative force of irony as argumentative technique seen as associative, apparently, but being in the same time deeply dissociative, leads to an epistemic renewal at the reception pole.

La dérision, l’humour et l’ironie comme moyens de résistance pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans

Author(s): Robert Massart / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Derision or mockery was always a good resistance middle for the less powerful people, the poor people, during bad periods. We have choosen as an example the new poetic style – fatras or fatrasies – that appeared during the more than one hundred years war between England and France.

L’inconscient théologique de la traduction – ironie ou honnêteté d’un traducteur investi?

Author(s): Paula Ilaş / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our article aims at presenting a few reflections on translating religious texts, more precisely texts of orthodox spirituality, giving some concrete examples of translation and retranslation, from French into Romanian, of a book written by Father Placide Deseille. Despite the secularization of contemporary society, religious translations are constantly increasing, which may contribute to a better understanding of the divine message and to a reconfiguration of the relationship between man and God.

TEACHER BETWEEN REFLECTIVE PRACTITIONER AND ACTION RESEARCHER

Author(s): Anca Cehan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper looks at what a language teacher’s reflective work and action research entail, focusing on the contemporary move away from the positivist paradigm toward a postmodern one. It describes various types of eflective and action research practices and their characteristics, and various research methodologies. It also raises questions about these methodologies, the practices’ goals and outcomes, and the practitioner’s beliefs about “research”, “knowledge”, “understanding” and “emancipation” in the relativist postmodern era.

CONCEPTUL „SPIRITUS LOCI” REFLECTAT ÎN LITERATURĂ

Author(s): Elena Negoiță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Since the oldest of times, people have tried to comprehend the environment,in all its aspects: sky, soil, water, natural phenomena and animals. The human beingrealized that it cannot compete with the power of the universe. Unable to conquer itsforces, energies, beasts, elements, mankind wanted to tame them. Or at least to findsome explanations for them, in order to possess knowledge on how to avoid them.The human race tried to grasp the enigma of lightning and thunder peal, the mysteryof earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, it tried to decipher the secrets of the worldthat’s invisible to the human eye, to unravel the riddles of metaphysics. An elementof the intangible that caught the attention of the human societies is genius loci/spiritus loci. Over the past centuries, the Latin expression “genius of the place/ spiritof the place” has earned various acceptances.Regardless of the multiple meanings of the phrase, “genius loci” alwaysinteracted with people that attempted to peacefully communicate with the telluricenergy. This mutual conditioning is found in multiple literary works, from variouscontinents. The writers of the magic realism illustrated the human being’sdependence over a certain place, but also the human’s mark over a terrestrialsurface.

Wstęp

Author(s): Anna Barańska-Szmitko / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0