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Wartość łacińskich oracji Fabiana Birkowskiego

Author(s): Beata Gaj / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Although the concept of value in rhetoric seems to be an ambiguous one (because rhetoric itself is primarily a set of neutral means that can be used in various ways), one of the Polish baroque speakers, Fabian Birkowski, considered the greatest and even the only rhetorical value to be enthusiasm and energy of the speaker. Birkowski himself, the second Polish preacher after Piotr Skarga, did not create homogenous talks. His Polish speeches differ in structure and quality from his Latin ones. Moreover, within the latter, the speaker promotes other values in speeches in honor of the saints, other in academic speeches, and other in so-called polemical speeches. In the contemporary assessment of Birkowski’s oratory, it is worth paying attention especially to Academic Speeches; the values promoted there (features of a good humanist, student and scientist) are invariably desirable today.

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Wartości w życiu akademickim na przykładzie piśmiennictwa naukowego. Studium przypadku – łacińskie druki oficyny Schedlów

Author(s): Michał Czerenkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the role of the panegyrical texts in transmitting and fixing values in the scientific circle of the 17th century. Literary axiology mostly of the preliminaries and the dedications of some Latin dissertations and scientific works is scrutinized. The analysed texts originate mainly from the Academy of Cracow and were published by the Schedels’ printing house. According to the predominant trends of those times, the early printed books contain the panegyrical dedicational letters, sometimes motivated by gratitude. The authors forge community between their addressee and the readers by recalling the mutual axiological system. Science in the 17th century did not lack moral values and the panegyrical discourse referring to them was an ordinary supplement of the scientific one.

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Co robią naukowcy i dlaczego jest to wartościowe? Prasowy obraz naukowca w perspektywie wartości

Author(s): Anna Łach / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is dedicated to the presence of evaluative lexis in popular science texts. The material on which the research was conducted consisted of popular science texts, published in the Science section of the Polish edition of the „Newsweek” weekly in 2015. The content analysis method was used for the research. The analysis includes verbal forms that refer to actions undertaken by scientists, and circumstances describing manners of performing these activities. The results allow us to state that the press creates a positive image of an active scientist undertaking various operations, most of which concern mental activity. Evaluative vocabulary present in the analysed texts belongs to – in J. Puzynina’s terminology – the group of secondary-evaluative lexemes.

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Gatunki rywalizacyjne z perspektywy krytyki retorycznej

Author(s): Agnieszka Budzyńska-Daca / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to make a critical analysis of a selected group of genres, which are referred to herein as competitive genres. Among them are the competitive debate, poetry slam and Three Minute Thesis (competition for PhD students). Criticism takes place in the area of established methodological proposal, which assumes the existence of four dimensions of the genre: communication and teleological, space-time, socio-anthropological and compositional-stylistic. At each stage of the analysis, a questionnaire for detailed questions related to problems in this area was carried out. The effect of the analysis is to develop a definition of competitive genres.

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O wartościach w zwizualizowanej informacji

Author(s): Ewa Modrzejewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the rhetorical aspects of visualized information that arise from computer-processed and graphically processed data. The researcher presents her original concept of visualized information typology. For these purposes the following categories are introduced: ‘data interest’ (perspective of the recipient) and ‘attitude to data’ (perspective of the sender). The framework for the further reflections is the Aristotelian concept of logos-ethos-pathos and its reinterpretations, through which various variants of effective and ineffective data visualizations are discussed. The author discusses the examples of visualized information that can be an effective argument in the public debate, and points to the source of rhetorical power of this type of communication. In the final part of the article, the turn in the perception of data, which is thoroughly rhetorical, is discussed.

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ON STRATEGIES FOR TRANSLATION OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS

Author(s): Micaela Ţaulean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Every language bearer is a rotten culture, so the lingual expression in communication is an expression of national culture. Language serves culture, but it does not determine it. For translators, representing the stereotype of a nation for another culture is an extremely difficult task. The author focuses on the problems that arise during the translation of cultural specific elements (CIS) from English into Romanian or Russian. The aim of this study is to describe the different areas of cultural knowledge that contribute to the competence of the translator.

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SUBSTANTIVISCHE OKKASIONALISMEN UND IHRE FUNKTIONEN IN DER NOVELLE „DIE ENTDECKUNG DER CURRY-WURST“ VON UWE TIMM

Author(s): Lina Cabac / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

This approach discusses the contextual functions of substantive occasionalisms in the short story "The Invention of Curry Seasoned Sausage" by Uwe Timm. The paper explores the meaning of the term occasionalism and demonstrates the relationship between word formation patterns used in creating occasionalisms.

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CAMBIOS SEMÁNTICOS EN EL LÉXICO ESPAÑOL RELACIONADO CON LA TERMINOLOGÍA DEL COVID-19

Author(s): Tatiana Gorea / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

In the following article we will try to determine some of the linguistic changes produced in the Spanish language due to the decisive introduction of the lexicon related to the terminology of COVID-19. These linguistic processes of a morphological and semantic type are part of the processes of change of the lexicon, formation of neologisms

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Parlez-vous « l’inclusif »? La nouvelle terreur dans les lettres : le politiquement correct

Author(s): Simona Modreanu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Politically correctness is ever more visible as a censorship form, invading a space which is usually that of a free thinking and expression: the literary fiction. Especially in the Anglo-Saxon world, the question of the cultural appropriation leaves little space for the subversive spirit of literature, which has always been one of its main characteristics. This dangerous chain of thought is trying to take over the publishers' strategy and to manipulate the authors' freedom through all sorts of committees hired to help eliminate stereotypes, bias, potentially harmful content, and false information or inaccuracy from the literary manuscripts.

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L'ironie (presque) involontaire des « élites » intellectuelles légionnaires : entre soumission politique totale et mobilisation infinie d’étudiants absentéistes

Author(s): Traian Sandu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The subject of irony among legionaries may seem rather decontextualized, as the exclusive political faith, the total commitment, and the murderous consequences of the fascist ideology of the legionaries predispose their intelectuals to serious martial attitudes and rectilinear assertions rather than light approaches and multiple senses supposed by irony. Nevertheless, the situation of fascist intellectuals is ironic in itself, as they have to reconcile rational analyses and partisan obedience, which leads them to sacrifice their critical role and their intellectual superiority in front of mediocre fascist leaders. Fascist intellectuals as Mircea Eliade sometimes try to use ironical detachment in order to obtain some free space for critical mind, with no success; some of them do not try at all, as Emil Cioran, with huge spiritual collapse after the 1945 defeat and enormous success of their omni-ironic Weltanschauung afterwards.

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Rachid Mimouni ou l’ironie qui met à nu tout un système politique

Author(s): Elena-Brândușa Steiciuc / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Rachid Mimouni, one of Algeria’s most prominent writers during the last decades of the XX thcentury, had a very ironical view of the political system on his country, during the years after the Independence war against France. Like Rachid Boudredra or Nabil Farès, during the same epoch, he criticized the corruption of the ruling class and the rising Islamism. This is why the article attempts to show the ironical side of two of his best-known novels (Le Fleuvedétourné, 1982 and L’Honneur de la tribu, 1989) in which dictatorship is pointed at, both of these writings being parables which mock, in an allegoric way, the political rulers.

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Héphaïstos l’africain

Author(s): Bessem Aloui / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

For Labou Tansi, literature is a process that takes form necessarily through laughter. Unlike the Nietzschean laughter which proposes the annihilation of all things, it is a creative laughter that calls into being the experience of reconstruction. Laughter does not only draw on the comic, but it digs into the tragic and weaves affinities with the demonic in a complicity that desacralizes the universe and establishes a joyful story of horror announcing an apocalyptic vision which haunts the fictional universe of this Congolese writer. We laugh because the violence associated with this laughter exceeds our consent. Laughing, for Labou Tansi, is a duty of / against violence. By its brilliance, it rejects the norms, meets the forbidden and wants to be excess and delirium. It is colorful, ambivalent and acts on a reader who, in front of this show of opposites, is always torn between crying and laughing.

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Jacques le Fataliste et son aventure littéraire

Author(s): Cristina Poede / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Jacques le Fataliste by Diderot represents an original reply to Laurence Sterne's novel, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy. The author resorts to a multiplicity of points of view, to the narrative solution of the interior stories and of the puzzle, while illustrating his remarks on the abstract game of destiny and free will. Throughout his (anti) novel, Diderot implements new strategies of irony destined to the reader (mechanisms of destabilization and misguidance, narrative leaps, exasperating digressions), to the conventions of the genre (revelation and disqualification of sentimental novel clichés) and to social conventions (criticism of bigotry and fatalism). An ironic pact of reading is thus established; these ingenious procedures of rewriting will seduce the Moderns, from Unamuno to Kundera. In Romanian literature, I.L. Caragiale practiced dialogical writing and the game of narrative virtualities. In the end, the reader has to rethink the literary space and to establish surprising intra-narrative complicities. The legacy of Diderot will include this biting irony of the author who, while attacking literary clichés, cultivates parody, counter-fiction and metadiscourse.

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Métamorphoses de l’ironie féerique dans la pièce de théâtre Cendrillon de Joël Pommerat

Author(s): Simona Locic / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

During the XXIth century, many writers show an important interest in rewriting the fairy tales. One of them is Joël Pommerat, a French contemporary stage director and playwright who, in 2011, reinvents on stage the very famous fairy tale of Cinderella. The paper below analyses the irony’s metamorphoses, important aspect of the traditional fairy tale’s scheme. Our main inspiration source is the study of Muguraș Constantinescu. She analyses the irony in Charles Perrault fairy tales and describes it as a “playfulness” writing way. Our purpose is to show how and why the irony identified by Muguraș Constantinescu transforms in the contemporary play of Joël Pommerat, Cendrillon. This new irony pick on the contemporary individual and contemporary reality but also the text’s lector.

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Paradoxe ou ironie ? Le développement de l’Orthodoxie dans l’Occident catholique et l’édition des livres de théologie orthodoxe en France

Author(s): Larisa-Elena Alui-Gheorghe / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our paper aims to analyse a more recent and rather paradoxical phenomenon shown in Western Europe i.e. the publication of Christian Orthodox books, written or translated in French from a traditional Orthodox Christian language. And, as an irony, in a profoundly laic and secularized culture, one can notice the development of an Orthodox Christian terminology as a consequence of translating books with Orthodox Christian matter. Another paradoxical aspect for a strongly secularized country that we aim to analyze is the fact that in France there are many important educational establishments and research centres which are representative for the entire Christian Orthodox world: “St. Serge” Orthodox Theological Institute, “St. Genevieve” Centre, “Dumitru Stăniloae” Scientific and Interdisciplinary Research Centre. Is this a paradox or irony of the Providence, of God eliminated from France during the French Revolution?

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Chanteuses françaises des années 2010 : un comique « genré » ?

Author(s): Catherine Gravet / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The history of French song is a heritage of unforgettable texts very often written by men, sometimes for women. Female singers, authors, composers and performers, however, are taking on an increasingly important role, to the point that female researchers are talking about "matrimony". This emergence of women in French song often involves comedy: black humour, false naiveté, offbeat irony, even sarcasm impose a different vision of the world from that of men or put a distance from an alienating universe dictated by the patriarchal tradition. Yet, song, the art of incarnation, is a poem like no other, it needs the performer's voice, or even her body, and current recording and broadcasting techniques completely change the public's perception. A few case studies should enable us to better understand the specificity of some texts written and performed by women in terms of irony. Several themes closely linked to the body seem recurrent to us, such as motherhood, adoption, childbirth or abortion, in a firmly provocative stance: why are Laurie Peret's song, "Un, deux, trois" (2017); Laura Laune’s "La Rupture" (2017); GiedRé’s "Pisser debout" (2011) or "Ode à la contraception" (2014) so shocking? They are both provocative and subversive, they defy the rules of propriety, and their assumed vulgarity bewilders.

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Ironie et humour populaire – de la critique sociale à la guerre politique

Author(s): Mariana Anastasiei / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Comedy, laughter, is both a presence and a social necessity. Irony, humor, joke, satire, caricature are all forms of manifestation of laugh in art and society. Art of relationing by excellence, comedy supposes, in order to achieve its purpose, an emitter and a receiver equally informed and competent. The purpose of this work is to follow the evolution of this relationship of complicity when the transgression of art frontiers occurs.

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Tudor Arghezi, traducteur de l’ironie de La Fontaine

Author(s): Oana- Gabriela Ichim / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Tudor Arghezi is a great poet who chose to put his talent at the service of translation too. He gave the fables of La Fontaine Romanian variants remarkable for the strength of the story and the humor. He considered the rhyme and the rhythm as very important poetic elements and translated the message of the French poet keeping the aesthetic form of the original. The dialogues of the translations are remarkable for their orality, their richness of images and their perfect adequation to the characters created by La Fontaine. He translated each fable as an entire poem and maintained the networks of meaning and images.

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WHY ARE STUDENTS (UN)WILLING TO COMMUNICATE IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE?

Author(s): Manana Rusieshvili-Cartledge / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The problem of oral communication in a foreign language acquires agreater importance in the context of globalization and presents one of the mostpressing problems of contemporary applied linguistics. The study of effectiveand successful communication in a foreign language focuses on thepsychological, linguistic and communicative aspects of this process(McCroskey & Baer, 1985; Mahdi, 2014).

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The Ethics of Elie Wiesel`s Storytelling as a New Theoretical Approach in Representing the Holocaust

Author(s): Alina Marincean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Grounded on Giorgio Agamben's assertion that once the historical, technical and legal context of the Jewish genocide has been sufficiently clarified, we are facing a serious challenge when we really seek to understand it and becomes more thought-provoking when we try to represent it. The difference between what we know about the Holocaust and how this delicate issue should be represented is facing major challenges in the context of content abundance on both Holocaust classical analyses or contemporary digital formats.Contemporary society is facing ethical and emotional limitation regarding Holocaust representation. What is the right way to represent the Holocaust after eight decades since the Holocaust took place is one of the relevant questions that arises in this context? How to live, what to do, and how do the consequences of my actions affect society after the Holocaust experience,are some of the quests of Elie Wiesel’s life. The paper will highlight how his storytelling provides some guidelines for shaping a possible good way of representing the Holocaust and what are its resources. It will also illustrate what are the ethical components of his storytelling that constitute an example of ethical conduct and give some relevant suggestions on how to instrument them in order to place Holocaust representation on a progressive way of reflection.

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