Vjeronauk/vjeronauka kao izborna obaveza svakog učenika u Kantonu Sarajevo

Author(s): Benjamin Hedžić / Language(s): Bosnian

Iako zasigurno postoje mnogi argumenti koji idu u prilog ukidanja predmeta Vjeronauka ili barem njegovog dislociranja iz obaveznih u fakultativne predmete, rezultati postignuti u okvirima izučavanja ovog predmeta kod učenika i izuzetna aktivnost nastavnog kadra opravdava njegovu postojanost. Na nivou Kantona Sarajevo dokimološki gledano prosječna ocjena koju su učenici postigli u protekloj školskoj godini izuzetno je visoka. Ovako visoka procjena učeničkog znanja trebala bi da nam ukazuje ukoliko je ocjenjivanje bilo objektivno, da su učenici iz oblasti ovog predmeta postigli visok nivo usvojenog znanja, kompetencija i vještina. Pored toga ne treba zanemariti ni činjenicu da su vjerske zajednice u BiH itekako zainteresirane ne samo za vjersko podučavanje u okvirima vjerskih zajednica, nego i za oblast vjerskog podučavanja u školskom sistemu. Ovakav pristup dovodi do značajnog ulaganja u edukaciju vjeroučitelja, nastavnih pomagala i sredstava, kao i u oblast vannastavnih aktivnosti, poput projekata, takmičenja i zabavno-revijalnih nastupa. Sve te aktivnosti svakako utječu na prestiž, položaj i strukturu predmeta, a učenicima su nedvojbeno ekstrinzična motivacija za pohađanje ovog predmeta, što se da nedvojbeno već na prvi pogled zaključiti.

Povratak verske nastave u srpski model obrazovanja – osnovni postulati, uporedni prikaz i obrazlaganje odabranog modela

Author(s): Ana Stevanović / Language(s): Serbian

Verska nastava je prisutna u školskom sistemu u Republici Srbiji, u kontinuitetu, već šesnaest godina. Ustav Republike Srbije definiše našu državu kao svetovnu. Iz toga proizilazi da je i sistem obrazovanja sekularan. Način održavanja verske nastave, po mom mišljenju, ne krši sekularnost države. Ne postoji državna religija, već sistem „kooperativne razdvojenosti“. Smatram da je hrišćanstvo progresivno kreaciona religija, koja smatra da je Bog stvorio sve, da svet evoluira, ali pod nadzorom nadprirodnog kreatora, a da je nauka tu da stvara slobodne ljude i perspektivno, tolerantno i moderno društvo. Kako je izbor na versko obrazovanje izboran, a ne obavezan, ne smatram da dolazi do ugrožavanja naučnog pogleda na svet kod dece, niti da će Srbija dati prednost religijsko-konzervativnim vrednostima u odnosu na vrednosti modernog sveta. Deca imaju mogućnost gledanja šire slike i prava na izbor. Nema ničeg retrogradnog u poznavanju religije. Na ovaj način se omogućava kvalitetnije obrazovanje, unapređuje demokratsko društvo i doprinosi slobodi veroispovesti. U skladu sa iznešenim uočenim nedostacima u okviru verske nastave smatram da je potrebno, kako bi se verska nastava na najbolji način obavljala, programe Pravoslavnog katihizisa i programe ostalih verskih zajednica stalno osvežavati i unapređivati, a sve kako bi se obezbedilo ostvarivanje predviđenih ciljeva. Iskustva u višegodišnjoj realizaciji pokazuju da su najveće intervencije potrebne u programima za prvi ciklus osnovne škole, budući da se postavljeni zahtevi programa teško ostvaruju. Reviziju programa bi trebala da obavlja posebno formirana Komisija ili grupa, kojoj bi to bila glavna nadležnost. Takođe je važno uskladiti udžbenike sa stučnim stavovima veroučitelja, kako bi što jednostavnije preneli đacima svrhu verske nastave. Pogrešan sadržaj programa vodi brojnim problemima. Dozvoliti veći stepen slobode za nastavnike i učenike u izboru dela tema koje će obrađivati bi bilo višestruko korisno i proizvelo veću zainteresovanost. Prema rezultatima samoprocene nastavničkih kompetencija zaključujem da je veroučiteljima najviše pomoći potrebno kada su u pitanju kompetencije za nastavnu oblast, predmet i metodiku nastave i kompetencije za poučavanje i učenje. Prioritet su teme razvoja metodičkih znanja i veština u radu sa učenicima. Takođe, kao i što sam već navela, neophodno je obezbediti kontinuirana usavršavanja veroučitelja i to u sklopu fakulteta kao što su: učiteljski, pedagoški i filozofski. Potrebno je raspisati konkurs za izbor primera dobre prakse u nastavi Pravoslavnog katihizisa, koji će biti objavljeni u formi priručnika za nastavnike, kao i obezbediti da izabrani primeri budu dostupni svim školama i nastavnicima. Koordinatori ove aktivnosti mogu da budu Zavod za unapređivanje obrazovanja i vaspitanja. Mišljenja sam da se verska nastava nalazi na ozbiljnom i teškom ispitu. Potrebno je prevazići iskušenja zajedničkog života i rada, obrazovanja i vaspitanja, a sve radi uvođenja đaka u život crkve. Nesumnjivo je da će verska nastava itekako imati uticaja na moralno vaspitanje mladih, a da bi pozitivni efekti postojali potrebno je kontinuirano unapređivati procese realizacije nastave ovog predmeta, kao i usavršavati pedagoške i teološke kompetente veroučitelja. Takođe, Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva i ostale tradicionalne crkve i verske zajednice treba da se u većoj meri uključe u rad komisija Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja koje su posvećene verskoj nastavi. Odgovornost za poboljšanje verske nastave nije samo u resornom ministarstvu, već i u crkvi.

Ustav Srbije: Striktna ili kooperativna odvojenost crkve i države?

Author(s): Marija Draškić / Language(s): Serbian

This article is prepared to review some dilemmas concerning the decision on the constitutionality of the Act on Churches and Religious Communities given by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia in January 2013. The principal of secular state as guaranteed by the Serbian Constitution of 2006 has been tested within the norms on the assistance of the state in enforcement of the decisions and judgments delivered by the churches and other religious organizations, on one hand, and on the rules on the religious instruction in public schools, on the other hand. Taking into account comparative, theoretical and normative method of interpretation, the author concludes that certain provisions of the Serbian Act on Churches and Religious Communities is not in accordance with The Serbian Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights.

Odgoj između vjerskog i sekularnog: komparativni pristup

Author(s): Pavle Mijović / Language(s): Croatian

Recently, a heated debate concerning school-based sexual education in Republic of Croatia provoked the necessity to rethink the relation of the education to the religious and the secular framework. In order to understand this phenomenon, we adopted a comparative approach. In the first part of this article our aim is to create a theoretical framework to guide our inquiry. The repercussion of a long sexual revolution in the 20th century that upset classical religious forms and had impact over institutional framework is analyzed. The second part analyses the difficulties of implementing the sexual education in three different institutional frameworks: a liberal (Sweden), traditional (Italy) and USA (sui generis). The common denominator among these different states is that the education as such is the problem of the secondary level to dominant political framework. Underlying issue is the profound difference between, on the one hand Christian-inspired anthropology and, on the other hand, the secular and scientific inspired anthropology. In the case of Sweden, sexual education became the mandatory part of the curriculum only after the fight for “he nation’s soul”. Italy, very differently, due to a significant social influence that Catholic Church has at the social level, lacks the formal program of the sexual education. Scientific based education concept, in use, in the States of America, encounters strong conservative response in issues concerning the sexual education. Final part of this paper presents an overview of the political context in Croatia in which the citizen's initiative – In the name of the family - with the support of the Catholic church and rightwing parties – organized and held a referendum. Main idea behind the referendum allege that the model of the Croatian family is under threat, due to a intention of the government to introduce the sexual education in schools, within the general framework of civic and health education. The proposition: “Are you in favour of the constitution of the Republic of Croatia being amended with a provision stating that marriage is matrimony between a woman and a man?” was approved by a quarter of the electorate. Differently, less than fifty percent of voter numbers in Slovakia led to the failure to pass a referendum to amend the Slovakian Constitution. The tactic to defeat the referendum was by not taking part, a strategy that appeared very functional. The hypothetical case of introducing sexual education in Bosnia and Herzegovina is theorized in the final part.

Financiranje Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Ana Benačić / Language(s): Croatian

Činjenica jest da crkveni porezi u europskim zemljama zamjenjuju onaj prihod Crkve iz hrvatskog državnog proračuna, koji se vodi pod šifrom A539026 te da i ta sekularnija društva nastavljaju financirati Crkvu kroz različite druge programe, baš kao i u Hrvatskoj: plaće vjeroučitelja, sufinanciranje njihovih škola i bolnica, obnovu kulturnih dobara i slično. Imovina tih vjerskih zajednica je, baš kao i u Hrvatskoj, impozantna – Crkva je drugi najveći austrijski zemljoposjednik i drugi najveći poslodavac u Njemačkoj. Međutim, hrvatski model financiranja vjerskih zajednica je i dalje je u usporedbi s njima netransparentan i neadekvatan. Crkva u Hrvatskoj, naime, ne mora dokazivati da dobro gospodari novcem poreznih obveznika, ne ulaže trud da bi došla do novca vjernika, niti se na bilo koji način osjeća pozvanom da bude transparentna u svom poslovanju. Država joj pomaže u tome tako što kod izdvajanja iz proračuna ne pravi razliku između poreznih obveznika – njih se ni u kom trenutku ne pita jesu li uopće vjernici ili bi radije svoj porez preusmjerili u neke druge namjene. Sve do pokretanja ovog novinarskog istraživanja, javnosti nije bio poznat iznos koji prima iz proračuna, a zbog neprobojnosti institucija, još uvijek se ne zna kolikim fondom imovine ona raspolaže, koliko prima iz drugih javnih izvora poput javnih poduzeća ili lokalnih i regionalnih samouprava, a kamoli kolika je bilanca njenih komercijalnih djelatnosti. To sve ima i svoje posljedice. Zbog raznih skandala i visine poreza Crkva u Njemačkoj gubi u prosjeku 127 tisuća ljudi godišnje. Nadalje, među poreznim obveznicima česta je zabluda da novac koji završava u rukama crkvenih vlasti biva raspoređen u karitativne djelatnosti. Zbog ovog se vjerovanja Udruga za zaštitu potrošača u Italiji 2012. godine tužbom pobunila protiv crkvene propagande oko poreza otto per mille. Ustvrdili su da je Crkva svojim marketingom, kojim je uvjeravala da sav porez ide u humanitarne svrhe, obmanjivala porezne obveznike preko zakonite mjere. Budući da se 23 posto tog poreza u Italiji zaista i utroši na ublažavanje nevolje najsiromašnijih, kako bi hrvatski građani trebali reagirati na podatak iz izvještaja HBK, prema kojima je udio karitativnih aktivnosti Crkve u potrošnji javnog novca - siromašnih 11 posto?

За „голата“ алтернатива на ненамереното злато (Колумб, португалските откриватели и голият индианец от ранните информативни текстове за Новия свят)

Author(s): Vera Kirkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper (part of a larger task) reveals the language reflection, construction and establishment of the image of the Brazilian Indians from the 16th century, tracked in the Portuguese informative texts written about the newly-found Brazil. It covers the peculiarities when mentioning the Indian nakedness, and in turn, it is often used as manipulation purposes according to the defined Imperial policy on colonization. On the grounds of similar interpretation of nakedness, extreme images have been made up about the native Brazil population – varying from angelic innocence to demonization - yet always in advantage of the ruling European culture of expansion in the 16th century.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AT CHURCH AND SCHOOL AS FORMATION OF SHARED VALUES OF TRADITIONAL EUROPEAN IDENTITY

Author(s): Diana Tyurkedzhieva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Along with the EU integration, the Bulgarian religious education had been interpreted as identity formation, rather than as confessional practice. Knowledge about the statistically dominant Eastern Orthodox Christian faith was generally perceived by local population as part of nationalist and ethnic patriotic upbringing, similar to what children were involved in socialist and previous times. Transition to democratic social order and deideologisation of education, as well as overcoming the memory of repressive cultural policy of communist regime, that excluded religious traditions as live heritage, and limited any faith to history, required new approach to religious education at churches, schools, and other cultural spaces for youth and adults as reading houses, non-governmental organisations, monasteries and convents. Multiculturalism that gave to the majority new opportunities to enjoy religious rights, at the same time empowered culturally ethnic religious minorities, that were previously discriminated. Minor religious communities demonstrated higher interest also in state-subsidised religious education in its confessional sense, as they earlier managed to organise for their members. International or ethnically and nationally diferent support to Bulgarian religious education reduced the value of its patriotic effect on population and therefore it had not become locally popular practice, until recent state edition of synodal set of Eastern Orthodox Christian church textbooks.

A Pagan Eco-fascism? The Ecological Thinking of Aleksey ‘Dobroslav’ Dobrovolsky

Author(s): Adrien Nonjon / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Established on a set of scientific and utopian principles reflecting the long path of master ideas of the 18th and 19th centuries such as Romanticism, ecology is the embodiment of an ideal that seeks to put nature back at the forefront of history and societies instead of dismissing it. Instead of an “inauthentic life” in which man has lost his own freedom due to the tragic and alienating grasp of modern civilisation and its hypocritical social conventions, nature is meant to be salvation. Millennial and immaculate, it would also constitute a base of absolute values and references for societies in search of meaning. While some idealists, like Henry Thoreau (1817–1862), have found in the oneiric and metaphysical contemplation of wide open spaces an escape from the “evil of the century”, others have taken refuge in a much more political and religious radical reading.

Conclusion

Author(s): Samim Akgönül,Anne-Laure Zwilling / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The reactivation of Paganism in contemporary societies, as meticulously explored through the diverse contributions of the authors within the pages of this book, not only provides us with profound insights into the enduring human connection with spirituality, nature, and cultural heritage but also underscores its continuous process of reconstruction and even construction .

CAMPAIGNING, LOBBYING, LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES

Author(s): / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

NATURE, SIGNIFICANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN ISLAM

Author(s): EMILIYA DAFKOVA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper delves into the essence, significance, and educational practices in Islam, beginning with a foundational understanding of the terms Islam and Muslim. Rooted in the concepts of submission and devotion to Allah, Islamic education is portrayed as a spiritual and intellectual pursuit aimed at developing the moral and faith-based character of individuals and promoting social harmony. The significance of education in Islam is highlighted by the Quranic emphasis on knowledge, as reflected in the first revealed word, “IQRA”; (read). This underscores the centrality of learning in leading a life that aligns with divine principles. Islamic education is seen not only as a means of religious instruction but also as a comprehensive system for nurturing both the mind and spirit. The study outlines two primary approaches to education: the conventional, often secular, model, and the Islamic approach, which integrates religious values into all aspects of life. Islamic education seeks to cultivate both intellect and humanity, fostering a holistic development of the individual. Additionally, key concepts such as T’alim, Tarbiyah, and Ta’dib are explored, emphasizing their roles in shaping the ethical and spiritual dimensions of learners. By drawing on traditional Islamic teachings and modern perspectives, this paper aims to bridge the understanding of Islamic education for educators, learners, and scholars alike, providing insights into its profound impact on individual and societal development.

CHALLENGES IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT

Author(s): Anton Savelovici / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the current context, the Religion teacher has to take into account several challenges, namely: increasing religious diversity, the relationship between religious education and the values of modern society, the integration of religious education into the school curriculum, the receptiveness of pupils and parents to religious education, cultural sensitivity from a religious point of view. The rural environment is characterised by a more homogeneous and traditional religiosity. Urban areas are characterised by religious diversity and pluralism. The relationship between religious education and the values of modern society in Romania and Europe is characterised by constant tensions and adaptations. Problems related to pedagogical methods and teacher training in religious education are dependent on the challenges of integrating religion into modern society. Cultural sensitivity contributes to the creation of an inclusive learning environment, which can improve student satisfaction and achievement.

INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE SECULAR PARADIGM OR WITH JESUS CHRIST

Author(s): Anton Savelovici / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Intercultural education is an essential field in the context of globalisation and cultural diversity. The following models are used in intercultural education: assimilation, pluralistic, integrative, global, dialogue, critical and experiential. These models and perspectives are complementary and can be combined to create effective and relevant intercultural education that responds to the needs of a diverse and interconnected society. Jesus Christ is often presented as an ideal model in intercultural education because of his teachings centred on love, compassion, respect for human dignity and inclusion of all people, regardless of their cultural or ethnic background. Education modelled on Jesus Christ develops intercultural competences. It also contributes to a more just, peaceful and caring society.

THE UNIVERSITY CHAPEL AS A PLACE OF ACADEMIC EDUCATION

Author(s): Polina Spirova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents the Chapel of the Faculty of Theology at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” as well as two of its functions – both of an Orthodox temple with daily services and of a place of academic education for the students of theology. It traces the history of the creation of the Chapel, the latter originally established only as a place of worship for the students and later, over time, developed as a place of academic education. The Chapel is presented as a eucharistic centre of the academic Christian community alongside the challenges of integrating the new students into liturgical life; the educational aspects of the Chapel are also outlined – as a place of academic practice in various theological subjects –worship practice, homiletics (religious rhetoric), liturgics, Christian art. The idea of the need for a special place of worship to be used by the students of theology is put forward.

IMPACTUL COMUNITĂȚII ASUPRA REALIZĂRII EDUCAȚIEI RELIGIOASE LA NIVELUL PREȘCOLAR

Author(s): Anca Cristina Ivașcu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The achievement of religious education at the preschool level is primarily responsible of the kindergarten, but the family also has an important role in the study by preschoolers of the elements of religious education. Kindergarten and family have a decisive role in achieving religious education at the pre-school level, but the community is also responsible for the moral-religious formation of preschoolers. Together with parents and teachers, community representatives must shape the souls of children by conveying their faith in God. The moral-religious development of children is responsible for several institutions within the community, such as the church, town hall, police, etc., the church being the institution with a major role in this sense. The kindergarten interacts with the family, but also with representatives of important institutions in the community, such as the school principal, the priest, the family doctor, the mayor, the police officer. All these relationships established with these partners lead to the moral and religious development of the child. The community plays an important role in children's education, as it helps to transmit knowledge and attitudes that can clearly guide the life of every member of the community. In the implementation of religious education in kindergarten it is important to have collaboration between teachers and community representatives. In order to effectively carry out educational activities of a religious nature, it is important that the educator also invites community representatives to participate in such activities, so that together they can work on the moral-religious development of children. How much community representatives consider studying religious content at the preschool level to be very important is the question that led to a research that used a questionnaire as the main tool. The research identified the views of community representatives on the need to study religious education at the pre-primary level, the types of content that should be studied and the benefits of studying such religious content for children.

CREATIVITATE ŞI INOVAŢIE ÎN UTILIZAREA METODELOR DIDACTICE ACTIV-PARTICIPATIVE ÎN LECŢIA DE RELIGIE, ASTĂZI

Author(s): Carmen-Maria Bolocan / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Our study wishes to present the proportion of active-participative methods in the lesson of religion today. In other words, we would like to present how to maintain a balance between the use of the traditional didactic methods and the active, modern ones, within the lesson of religion. The necessity to rethink formal education together with the non-formal and informal education, in their various forms of representation is one of the challenges of the contemporary society. If in the traditional methodology the student is no more than a simple listener, receiving passively what is transmitted or demonstrated to him, in the active-participative methodology the student is an actor, he receives all the knowledge by using his thinking, his intellectual functions in relation to the task he receives. The purpose of the class of Religion is, essentially, to form authentic Christians, who actually live the Christian teaching and spirituality, active participants to the cult of the Church and to the social life. Although the didactic method has an important role within the class of Religion, this does not mean that it is the only one that matters, but one must also take into account the fact that the “addressee” of the Christian religious education must benefit as much as possible of everything that the spiritual life – revealed or consolidated during the class of Religion – has to offer.

PROFILUL ADOLESCENŢILOR CU STIMĂ DE SINE SCĂZUTĂ ŞI RAPORTAREA ACESTORA LA VALORILE MORALE ŞI RELIGIOASE

Author(s): Monica Opriş,Dorin Opriş / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Through the present study, we aimed to provide data for creating a profile of adolescents with low self-esteem, depending on different variables. Complementarily, we wanted to find out how this category of students relates to moral and religious values and whether attending church is understood as a benchmark for getting out of this state. We capitalized on the research data collected through a questionnaire administered to over 700 high school students in Romania. We considered two statements with a negative connotation from M. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale: "Sometimes I think I'm worth nothing", respectively "Sometimes I think about myself that I'm a loser". The data show that for both statements there are no statistically significant differences depending on gender, place of residence, family size. Regarding the class the students belong to, for the first statement there are statistically significant differences, i.e. the lowest average of the ranks is recorded for students from the 9th grade. Thus, we can say that we have the opportunity to meet both girls and boys with low self-esteem.

SPECIFICUL, LOCUL ȘI ROLUL MIZERICORDIEI ÎN SOCIETATEA CONTEMPORANĂ

Author(s): Valeriu Capcelea / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This article discusses one of the desirable virtues, kindness, its essence and types, its complicated nature because it can cause conflict and is realized in a merciless and imperfect world. The author pays special attention to an important element of the virtue of mediocrity, the requirement to forgive offenses by resorting to the postulates from the Bible. At the same time, the parable of the love of enemies is addressed, where forgiveness represents the forgetting of offenses and the existence of an agreement to establish peace. In conclusion, it is noted that kindness is not a virtue of the past, but a timeless principle that continues to inspire people to live a life characterized by compassion, empathy, forgiveness and love. At the same time, it is highlighted that at the beginning of the millennium we live in an era where discord, aggression and division dominate society and mediocrity serves as a beacon of hope, encouraging us all to extend a hand of kindness to those in need and to we promote a society full of compassion, mercy and empathy.

FUNDAMENTELE BIBLICE ÎN PREDAREA COMUNICĂRII ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ

Author(s): DIDINA BRATU,RAQUEL BOUVET DE KORNIEJCZUK / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The research analyzes the integration of faith in the teaching of Romanian Language Communication in one of the schools affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church, using as biblical foundation the four pillars: Creation, Fall, Redemption, and Restoration. The context of this research highlights the lack of Romanian-language materials to guide teachers in integrating biblical values. One of the aims of the study was to refine the planning of Bible-based Romanian Language Communication classes and to observe changes in teachers' pedagogical practice and their reflection in the students' lives. The findings emphasize the need for a deliberate and systematic effort on the part of teachers to model biblical values in the learning process, thereby strengthening students' relationships with God and with their peers.

O PERSPECTIVĂ BIBLICĂ ÎN PREDAREA GEOGRAFIEI

Author(s): CORINA LOREDANA IANCU,RAQUEL BOUVET DE KORNIEJCZUK / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This research explores how biblical values can be integrated into the teaching of Geography in a confessional school. The study focuses on the four biblical pillars: Creation, Fall, Redemption, and Restoration. The main goal is to assess whether and how these pillars, integrated into lesson plans, can influence teaching practices, as well as the impact of faith-integrated lessons on students. The results show that such integration promotes holistic education. Each pillar brings a unique perspective: Creation emphasizes humanity's divine role, the Fall highlights the impact of sin, Redemption points to the restoration of the relationship with God, and Restoration underscores the divine purpose of education. Thus, if teachers integrate biblical values into teaching, they strengthen students' relationship with God and others. Geography thus becomes a tool to provide a Christian worldview.