We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

4.90 €

Preview

GOD IN JEWISH THINKING: BETWEEN INCOMPLETENESS AND PERFECTION

Author(s): Shoshana Ronen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The article deals with the concept or the image of God in the Hebrew Bible and the various understandings and interpretations of it by Jewish thinkers through generations. The biblical text, full of contradictions and anthropomorphic assertions about God, was a source of discomfort for Jewish philosophers and theologians. Therefore, the sublimation and distillation of the text was necessary, and it was done by use of different her-meneutical methods. The article deals with various attributes of the biblical God, and presents different theological and philosophical interpretations of that issue by major Jewish thinkers.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Abraham bar Jacob and His Copperplate Engravings in 17th and 18th Century Amsterdam Prints

Author(s): Magdalena Bendowska / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2017

In 1695, the printing shop of Asher Anshel ben Eliezer Kutner and Issachar Ber ben Eliezer of Minden issued a new edition of the Passover Haggadah, for the first time illustrated with copperplate engravings. The name of the engraver, Abraham bar Jacob, was present both on the title page and on the foldable Palestine map with a legend in Hebrew attached to the book. This book drew its inspiration from Christian sources. The artist already had collaborated earlier with Amsterdam printing offices. He produced the frontispiece of the Yiddish Bible published by Uri Phoebus (1679) and later copied in successive books printed by Uri Phoebus in Amsterdam, by Johannes Wust in Frankfort on the Main and by Shabbatai Bass in Dyhernfurth. Another frontispiece by Abraham bar Jacob was inserted by Immanuel Athias in the books Shnei Luhot ha-berit (1698) and Yad Yosef (1700), also by Shlomo Proops in Eshlei ravrevei (1711) and Maginei eretz (1732). Later, this template was used by printers Hertz Levi Rofe and his son-in-law Kosman. Both Haggadah title pages were copied by other printing offices. At first, the inclusion of Abraham bar Jacob’s illustrations in Jewish books and the author’s name did not provoke any reaction. However, as time passed by, the authorship was increasingly concealed. Athias obliterated the artist’s signature on the copperplate used in Yad Yosef, and Proops removed Abraham bar Jacob’s name from the title page of the second edition of the Haggadah. The reason for this probably was that the engraver was a convert, a pastor originating from the Rhine region who converted to Judaism in Amsterdam. This fact was mentioned for the first time by the Christian Hebraist Johann Christoph Wolf in the Bibliotheca Hebraea bibliography. Notwithstanding the artist’s origins, his illustration achieved popularity and gained numerous followers.

More...

Download

Benjamin Schwarzfeld’s Polemics on the Cultural Situation of the Jews of Romania : a Chapter in the History of the Haskala Movement in the Jewish Community of Romania

Author(s): Lucian-Zeev Herșcovici / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

How influential was the Haskala movement in the Romanian Jewish community in the 60s-70s of the 19 th century? To answer to this question, we must note that in the Jewish community of Romania (and previously in the Jewish communities of the Romanian Principalities Moldavia and Wallachia) the movement began and developed later than in the Jewish communities of the neighbouring empires: if in the first half of the 19 th century, in the Romanian Principalities there were maskils only, an organized Haskala movement emerged at the end of the 40s-beginning of the 50s of the 19 th century. The Haskala movement in the Jewish community of Romania was strongly influenced by the Haskala movement of the Jewish communities of Galicia and Bucovina, which were Austrian provinces in the 19 th century. Many “maskils” of Romania came from Galicia and immigrated to Romania. One of them was Benjamin Schwarzfeld. His polemics on the cultural situation of the Jews of Romania from 1873, as well as his activity as a maskil active in the founding of modern Jewish schools in Jassy are an interesting chapter of the history of the Haskala movement of Romania. In a polemical article, published as a Hebrew language leaflet in that year as a response to the claim by the Committee for Romanian Israelites of Vienna, that the low level of modern education of the Jews of Romania does not justify their emancipation, Benjamin Schwarzfeld argued that the level of modern Jewish education in Romania is not so far behind that existent in Galicia and Russia. Benjamin Schwarzfeld opposed the idea of so-called “merited emancipation” held by the Committee of Vienna, and affirmed that emancipation would advance modern education among Romanian Jews, who would be more interested in modern education if they were integrated into Romanian society. In his leaflet, Benjamin Schwarzfeld deals with the state of modern education among the Jews of Jassy, where he lived. Benjamin Schwarzfeld’s leaflet, printed in Jassy, remained unknown by historians of Romanian Jewry for a long time: they used a Romanian translation, published by his son, Moses, in the journal “Egalitatea”, but this was only a partial translation, oriented toward Romanization. In our article, we shall present the original Hebrew leaflet and analyze Benjamin Schwarzfeld’s point of view.

More...

Download

Magyarázat Alexandriai Philón De vita contemplativa művének címéhez

Author(s): Zoltán Adorjáni / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2015

Diese Studie will die Beziehung zwischen den Begriffen a IKETES und THERAPEUTES und Therapeutés,die im griechischen Titel obengenannten Werkes von Philon von Alexandrien zu finden sind, erörtern. Der Autor prüft Eizelheiten jener Werke von Philon, wo diese zwei Begriffe als Wortpaare Vorkommen und gelangt zur Schlußfolgerung, daß sie mit dem Einhalten Gottes Gesetzes, mit wahrer Gottesfurcht und mit dem Dienste Gottes in Zusammenhang sind.Ein Leben mit solchem Verhalten kann sich am besten in der priesterlichen Lebensweise entfalten, und das bindet sich ans Suchen göttlichen Schutzes und an seinen Dienst. In dem Werk: De vita contemplativi beschriebene Lebesweise der in Ägypten lebenden (essener) Therapeuten ist ein eliter, priestlicher Dienst: Wer Gott wirklich ehren will, sei derjenige ein Levit, bzw. „Proselit“, der muß sich von seiner früheren Lebensweise und den irdischen Sachen trennen. Die in dem obengenannten Titel als Ergänzung figurierende Bezeichnung: Iketwv steht im Einklang mit dem Namen und der Lebensweise der Therapeuten. Diese priesterliche,elite Lebensweise ist die eigenartige Form einer Flucht zu Gott.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Dyskusja o artykułach Włodzimierza Medema na łamach „Głosu Żydowskiego”

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2018

The article is a survey of sources coming from the Polish-Jewish Zionist periodical Głos Żydowski. The sources, i.e. articles in the paper, refer to the debate between Włodzimierz Medem, Jakub Appenszlak and Natan Szwalbe.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

„Za okrzyk «Precz z Piłsudskim» kulą w łeb” – przypadek Szyi Grinwalda jako przykład brutalizacji życia codziennego w międzywojennej Polsce

Author(s): Magdalena Kozłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2018

The article is a case study of the tragic December 1929 death of Tsukunft member Szyja Grinwald and of the trial of the suspected assassin. The analysis is based first and foremost on press reports due to the overwhelming influence of the press on the shaping of social attitudes in the 2nd Republic. The events are shown against the broader background of political tension over the plans to amend the Constitution and the authoritarian state policy line. Grinwald’s case serves here to portray the brutal street politics of the two decades separating the two world wars and the ways it was used instrumentally by various social actors.

More...

Download

POSVEĆIVANJE STVORENJA U VREMENU EKOLOŠKA TEOLOGIJA ABRAHAMA JOSHUE HESCHELA

Author(s): Željko Tanjić,Đurica Pardon / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2013

The world, which today’s generation of people lives in, is threatened and in constant danger of destruction, noted Abraham Joshua Heschel, at the mid-twentieth century, and for the salvation of man and the environment of his life suggested a different value system that takes into account not only space, but as the essence and the heart of existence sets time. Judaism, as a religion of time, teaches how consecration of time happens in celebration of Shabbat, the Day of the Lord, which God has blessed and made holy. Heschel’s ecological theology considers the world of things as sacred, but only if the world is consecrated in time. Therefore, A. J. Heschel sees the Shabbat as a starting point from which he observes the world and from which he builds his ecological theology, considering the Day of the Lord as the pinnacle of creation and highest manifestation of God’s holiness, when primarily the time, then a man and finally space is made holy. This paper as a starting point of analysis takes the book »The Sabbath: Its Meaning for Modern Man« by Abraham Joshua Heschel in effort to provide an overview of the beginnings of ecological and theological thinking in the mid 20th century.

More...

Download

POJAM ELPIZ U POSLANICAMA KOLOŠANIMA I EFEŽANIMA

Author(s): Marko Tomić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1994

The NT concept of hope is essentially determined by the OT. Among different words for expressing the reality of biblical hope, (??) are of the greatest importance. After describing the Greek view of the two mentioned words, the article first considers their role and their meaning in the OT - emphasizing the fact that in the OT there is no neutral concept of expectation.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

70 lat Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego – historia polityczna i badania. Jubileuszowy komentarz

Author(s): Andrzej Rykała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2019

The Jewish Historical Institute formally started its activities on 1 October 1947, pursuant to a resolution of the Presidium of the Central Committee of Jews in Poland (CKŻP) of 27 September of that year. However, it traces back its genesis to the Central Jewish Historical Commission established in 1944, which, after operating for three years, first in Lublin and subsequently in Łódź, was transformed into the Institute now transferred to Warsaw. Both institutions operated within the organizational structure of CKŻP, which was the biggest and a largely autonomous Jewish organization in Poland. Its dissolution in 1950, which came in the wake of the dismantling of Jewish ethnic and cultural autonomy, deprived the JHI of organizational support. In an attempt to cure that deficit, the Jewish Historical Institute Association was formed in that very year. Over the next seven decades, the Jewish Historical Institute, a successor to the Central Jewish Historical Commission, became the biggest and most important institution in Poland engaging in a systematic study of the history of Poland’s Jews. The article looks at selected aspects of the 70 years of JHI history in the form of glosses to papers (reports) by: Stephan Stach Political and social history of JHI – key moments and by Andrzej Żbikowski – Jewish Historical Institute, 70 years of research into the history of Poland’s Jews.

More...

Download

Powtórna rebelia ojca. O ciągu dalszym „Traktatu o manekinach” Brunona Schulza

Author(s): Marcin Całbecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2018

The essay is an interpretation of the middle part of the “Treatise on Tailor’s Dummies.” The opposition of matter and form has been translated into the key opposition in Schulz’s fiction – the conflict of the sexes. The father represents in Schulz’s stories a patriarchal order. A vision of the father’s domination is the foundation of his lecture, which makes it different from the first part of the “Treatise,” where Jacob attempted to win the affection of the listening women by a praise of a heretic doctrine identified with matriarchate.

More...

Download

Księga Schulza, Księga Lema

Author(s): Tymoteusz Skiba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2018

The Book is not only a crucial element of the fictional world of Schulz and Lem, but also a metaphor of creation. The poetic imagination of both writers is rooted in the mythical image of the ur-Book, the Authentic Scroll which makes the axis mundi of reality. The artistic task of Schulz was to reconstruct that lost idea, while Lem decided to abandon it in favor of a vision of enormous, overwhelming libraries. At any rate, the attitude toward the myth of the Book turns out to be a common element, if not a symbol characteristic of both Schulz’s and Lem’s fiction.

More...

Download

Testamentarne misli Amosa Oza

Author(s): Alen Kristić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian Issue: 73-74/2019

Nekako baš u vrijeme kad je svijetom odjeknula vijest o njegovoj smrti , u moje je ruke dospjela knjiga eseja Amosa Oza “Pozdrav fanaticima” s podnaslovom “Tri misli”, koju je koncem 2018. godine objavila zagrebačka Fraktura, kojoj dugujemo hrvatske prijevode kapitalnih književnih ostvarenja tog iznimnog pisca.i s obzirom na njezin sadržaj i s obzirom na njezin opseg – ta u njoj se kriju svega tri eseja – tu bismo Ozovu knjigu sasvim opravdano mogli promatrati i kao kratak uvod u njegovo književno stvaralaštvo, i to obogaćen neprocjenjivim uvidima u židovsku baštinu, iz koje je oz ponikao i kojom se cijeloga života nadahnjivao.No, još uvijek potresenom i nesviknutom na činjenicu da se oz više ne ubraja u živuće pisce, ta je knjiga u mom čitalačkom svijetu od prvog trenutka poprimila status njegovog testamenta, onoga presudnog što nam je želio predati na koncu svog zemaljskog života, i to odživljenog krajnje čestito u politički, kulturno i religijski vjerojatno najdramatičnijem i najzamršenijem zakutku svijeta, u Jeruzalemu, tom drevnom, a rijetko miroljubivom stjecištu židovstva, kršćanstva i islama.

More...

Download

20.YY YAHUDİ DÜŞÜNCESİNE BİR KATKI: LOUIS JACOBS (1920-2006)

Author(s): Ayşe Ambaroğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2019

20th Century Modern Jewish Theology includes important discussions a large variety of subjects mainly about Institutional Judaism, Modernization and Religiousness. Following 17th century Early Modern Enlightenment Era and the 19th century Haskalah movement played an important role in 20th century Modern Jewish thought by supporting attention provoking discussions. Contrary to British Judaism which he got educated in, Louis Jacobs’s perspective is more compatible with Conservative Judaism which is more prevalent in USA and Canada. Important discussions of 20th century Reformist and Conservative Judaism such as development of Halaska, interpretation of Holy Book, individual against modernization and religiousness can be followed in his writings. In this work, a general look on Louis Jacobs’ thoughts is presented regarding British Judaism and problems about its era.

More...

Download

YAHUDİ İMAN ESASLARI

Author(s): Ravza Aydın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 25/2012

Judaism does not have a system of creeds which binds its adherents like Christianity or Islam have. From time to time, some articles of faith in Judaism were composed by Jewish thinkers. Although the articles of faith determined by Moshe ben Maimon(d.1204) were accepted by most Jewish people, there are also some Jewish thinkers who are against this idea because they think that this attempt is contrary to the nature of Judaism. This paper focuses on the articles of faith in Judaism and the reasons as to why they were determined in the history of Jewish thought.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Between Guilt, Compassion and Pragmatism: Dutch Reactions to March ‘68 in Poland

Author(s): Iwona Guść / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

This article explores diplomatic and social tensions manifested in the late 1960s between Poland and the Netherlands. It tries to discover specific dynamic of European Holocaust memory and antisemitism in the aftermath of the war in the Middle East in 1967. On the one hand it analyses Dutch supportive attitudes towards Israel and on the other hand it looks at various critical - outspoken and subtle - reactions in the Netherlands to Poland's anti-Zionist and antisemitic campaign unleashed in 1967/1968. By looking at Dutch public discussions, media reactions and political decisions which followed March events in Poland, this article gives insights into post-war antisemitism in Europe and demonstrates different levels of social and political (dis)approval of antisemitism in Poland and in the Netherlands.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Why Did the Events of March ’68 in Poland go Unnoticed by the Majority of Americans? Why the Purges of 1968 and Expulsion of Several Thousand Polish Jews Didn’t Cause a Strong Reaction within the American Jewish Community?

Author(s): Andrzej Krakowski / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

Contrary to appearances, the US press informed its readers at length about the events taking place in Poland. After a period of decline in interest in Poland (following the expulsion of David Halberstam in 1965), from the day when Władysław Gomułka labelled the Jews as the “5th column”, The New York Times installed its new full-time correspondent in Warsaw. That was Jonathan Randall, who was transferred to Poland from Saigon. The abrupt relocation of such an experienced journalist from a country as important to the USA as Vietnam shows that the US press did not ignore the developments in Poland. From June 1967 to the end of 1969, The New York Times ran 2,065 articles that contained the word “Poland.”Compared to the local press, the new arrival had his advantages as well as disadvantages. The lack of knowledge of the Polish language did not help but the absence of censorship did. As a result, US readers were better informed about the current events than the Poles at home, who were fed a diet of chiefly tendentious and strongly censured reports of the Party-controlled media. When I started to look into the details of Randall’s wires from that time, I was shocked how much he knew despite the fact that he did not speak Polish and how he was able to anticipate the changes still to come. I suspect he had good sources not only in the American but also Polish intelligence. When I compare Randall’s reports with later events, I suspect that the seemingly spontaneous “March developments” (the strikes, protest rallies, beating up of students and workers) were organized and directed by the rulers. The Polish youth and the masses at large were not aware of it and were cynically abused by various groups of Communist politicians. The world in the pivotal year 1968 was in turmoil. Soviet-bloc armies marched into Czechoslovakia, the Vietnam war was triggering protests and sit-ins at university campuses in the USA and a polarization of the American society. The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King filled the streets with protesters. The lack of interest in the events in Poland can easily be explained by the distance. The developments in Poland were not spectacular, there was no shooting, no murders and the tens of thousands of Polish Jews forced to leave their homeland were nothing compared to the casualties suffered in Vietnam or the burning streets in the USA. The lack of response of the Jewish milieux in America to the expulsion of their compatriots from Poland was not so much the result of a fear of awakening antisemitic sentiments at home as of the stalemate in which they found themselves. The Americans saw the armed conflict between Israel and the Arab nations in June 1967 as the States’ “proxy” war with the USSR. Meanwhile, the handful of Jews who escaped the Holocaust and did not leave Poland when they could do it (in the 1940s or after 1956), were looked at as a Communist element, meaning hostile to the USA. Faced with a choice between ethnic community and the mother country, the majority of US Jews opted for loyalty toward the country in which they lived.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

“The Righteous” and March ‘68

Author(s): Alicja Podbielska / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

One of the paradoxes of the 1968 antisemitic campaign in Poland was the official designation of war-time rescuers of Jews as new national heroes. Previously largely absent from public discourse, they were now brought to the fore in Władysław Gomułka’s speech that launched the “anti-Zionist” witch hunt. Following the First Secretary’s lead, the mass daily press claimed the subject. Drawing on a wide range of political speeches, press articles, and TV documentaries, the paper analyses rhetorical strategies, distortions of historical truth, and propagandist exploitation of rescuers by the regime. Polish assistance to Jews was represented as a mass phenomenon, cross-cutting social and political divisions, and motivated by sheer altruism. In an atmosphere of growing paranoia about reputed “anti-Polish” attacks by “foreign circles,” rescuers came to serve as a counterproof to allegations of Polish antisemitism. With each publication, the number of rescuers grew. The rhetoric of “Jewish ingratitude” became a staple of antisemitic pieces. Once rooted, that trope flourished. The 1968 echoes today, focusing as it does on numbers, thankfulness, and the nation’s honor.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Pokolenie Marca '68 na wygnaniu. Wzory integracji i zmiany identyfikacyjne

Author(s): Marcin Starnawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2019

The article addresses questions concerning individual experiences and group developments among post-March 1968 émigrés from Poland. While much is known about where these refugees migrated and that the experience of the anti-Jewish stigma has led to shifts in national identification, biographical and social dynamics behind these changes in lifelong perspective have not been a subject of many systematic studies. What did it mean to be an exiled victim of antisemitic hatred and political persecution? How were “Polish” and “Jewish” identification labels revalued in new geographical, political and (multi)cultural contexts? How did new countries and new societal settings foster or hinder a new sense of belonging and national attachment? How did the émigrés’ experiences and identification patterns evolve through different modes of integration in host societies, local Jewish communities as well as broader diasporic space, including links with Israel and Poland as well as generational reunion meetings? The qualitative analysis is based on selections from field material (biographic interviews conducted by the author in several countries between 2001 and 2017) as well as some published memoirs and interviews. The proposed approach links sociological framework of the diaspora and transnational studies with biographic perspectives drawn from oral histories. It highlights exiles’ typical experiences related to interplay of coercion, choice and migratory cultural capital at the point of exit, including anticipation of opportunities in potential countries of immigration. It also discusses some aspects of early adaptation, mid-term integration in new societies and local Jewish communities as well as re-establishing transnational and generational networks.

More...

Download

A short summary of Ibn Gabirol’s Fons Vitae Book One

Author(s): Timo Schmitz / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2018

Ibn Gabirol Fons Vitae is one of the most renowned books of medieval Jewish Neoplatonism which is dedicated to the matter of true knowledge of the world and its substances. In this paper, we want to summarize the thought process of Ibn Gabirol as the work is very profound, it shall be a help for all students of Ibn Gabirol’s philosophy to grasp his basic world outlook. All references are taken from the Jacob-translation.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

My, Żydzi… Marcowy manifest Artura Sandauera

Author(s): Justyna Koszarska-Szulc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2018

“We, the Jews…,” a hitherto unpublished draft for a manifesto by literary critic Artur Sandauer (1913-89), poses a challenge to any potential editor, and it is equally difficult to interpret. Justyna Koszarska-Szulc’s introduction outlines the circumstances in which this text was written, especially the eruption of anti-Semitism in Poland in March 1968. This moment in Poland’s history might explain the many deletions and rephrased passages. Koszarska-Szulc also examines the problem of self-censorship, on both the institutional and the psychological level, by adopting a perspective inspired by the psychoanalytic approach to genetic study.

More...