We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
"Glossary of Silesian Dialects" is the result of many years of scientific work of several generations of linguists from the Silesian Institute in Opole, Poland.
More...
"Glossary of Silesian Dialects" is the result of many years of scientific work of several generations of linguists from the Silesian Institute in Opole, Poland.
More...
"Glossary of Silesian Dialects" is the result of many years of scientific work of several generations of linguists from the Silesian Institute in Opole, Poland.
More...
"Glossary of Silesian Dialects" is the result of many years of scientific work of several generations of linguists from the Silesian Institute in Opole, Poland.
More...
The main purpose of this paper is to present three types of reported utterances with dubitative (бил четял, бил чел, щял бил да чете, щял бил да е чел) in Bulgarian language: dubitative in quoted speech, indirect speech and directly reported speech. The third type called directly reported speech with dubitative, on one hand, doesn’t include the actual speech of the narrator as a first part of the utterance, in contrast to the utterances with indirect speech. On the other hand, the changed evi-dential status of the verb reduces differences between the indirect speech and the directly reported speech. Both the similarities and the differences prove the hypothesis that the directly reported speech with dubitative takes an intermediate position in the continuum quoted speech : indirect speech in Bulgarian.
More...
This lexicon, which is structurally the first of its kind among our dictionaries, includes presented nouns and adjectives, as well as insignificant number of verbs in the Bulgarian language. The common feature is that they are derived from their proper names, with the main purpose of creating new terms in different areas of knowledge. Information in dictionary articles has a marked etymological and tight encyclopedic character. Derivatives are words formed from the headword by the addition of a suffix (for example, enshrined at the entry for enshrine). These are often entered as the final section of an entry. Many derivatives are included as headwords in their own right. They are followed by a quotation block illustrating examples of usage.
More...
One of the parts of linguistics is the science of words called lexicology. Lexicology is the part of linguistics which studies words. This includes their nature and function as symbols, their meaning, the relationship of their meaning to epistemology in general, and the rules of their composition from smaller elements. Lexicological issues are discussed and elucidated in general manuals and in specific scientific developments, and their results find a generalization and practical application in dictionaries, i.e. in lexicography. This lexicon is claimed to be a practical complement to the theoretical formulations of lexicology and corrective sort of data in lexicography, where the etymological reference is rarely comprehensive and not always reliable. In the book, in the form of 357 dictionary articles and with the apparatus of the lexicological categories in front of the reader, many specific questions related to the origin and history of some of the words in the Bulgarian language are discussed. The explanatory notes draw information from the achievements of three other linguistic areas: etymology, semantics and word formation.
More...
“Bulgarian Lexicology and Lexicography” is a result of the lasting interest of V. Radeva in semantics of the words as the main language unit. It does not only lean on lectures and lecture courses in Leipzig, West Berlin and Saarbrucken, but also it contains a wealth of information that gives the opportunity to create interest in further lexicological issues. Built on the theoretical foundations and achievements of modern lexicology, the work reveals the character of the word as a nomination unit, which through its speech realization performs the communicative function of language. The presentation of word formation is consistent with the role of the derivative word in structuring the lexical system and clarifying the link between word-forming and lexical meaning. Semantic connections in the lexical system are addressed in their development and modification to reveal the dynamic nature of vocabulary. The creation of new lexical units, the elimination of outdated words and meanings, as well as the acquisition of a foreign language vocabulary are clarified as adaptation of the vocabulary to the communicative needs of the spokespersons of the language. Included lexicography section contains information that shows the close relationship of lexicology with lexicographical theory and practice. Designed primarily for philology students, this work will be useful for anyone who seeks to learn and use the Bulgarian word(s) correctly.
More...
With the series "Bulgarian Grammar Literature of the 20th Century", East-West publishing house aims to familiarize the Bulgarian reader with the outstanding contribution of prominent Bulgarian linguists in the development and formation of our literary linguistic norms in the 20th century, as well as in the development of Bulgarian linguistic science in general. All the editions included in here have been out of print long ago or difficult to find bibliographically. The first two grammars in the series will be phototype editions. This will enable Bulgarian specialists-linguists to look into the history of the development of the Bulgarian grammar literature from the beginning of the 20th century, which predetermined the further development of Bulgarian and general linguistics, showed its valuable contribution to our national cultural treasure.
More...
The book constitutes a collection of articles devoted to the problems associated with contrastive linguistics. The articles presented in the volume discuss above all the problems of contrastive cognitive semantics. Nevertheless, some articles are focused on morphology and contrastive pragmatics, owing to which the book may be a worthwhile item for a broader readership. The publication discusses linguistic phenomena which are featured mainly in the Polish and in the English language, although the reader may also be interested in references to the Croatian, French or Czech languages. Inasmuch as the introduction presents an overview of the most important problems of contrastive linguistics in a broader context, the purpose of the particular articles is to present the current trends in contrastive research and the varied research methods. Therefore the present publication is intended mainly for linguists, theoreticians and practitioner of contrastive linguistics, as well as the experts in the field of cognitive linguistics.
More...
Interslavic zonal constructed language is an auxiliary language, which looks very similar to real spoken Slavic languages in Central and Eastern Europe and continues the tradition of the Old Church Slavonic language. Interslavic shares grammar and common vocabulary with modern spoken Slavic languages in order to build a universal language tool that Slavic people can understand without any or with very minimal prior learning. It is an easily-learned language for those who want to use this language actively. Interslavic enables passive (e.g. receptive) understanding of the real Slavic languages. Non-Slavic people can use Interslavic as the door to the big Slavic world. Zonal constructed languages are constructed languages made to facilitate communication between speakers of a certain group of closely related languages. They belong to the international auxiliary languages, but unlike languages like Esperanto and Volapük they are not intended to serve for the whole world, but merely for a limited linguistic or geographic area where they take advantage of the fact that the people of this zone understand these languages without having to learn them in a difficult way. Zonal languages include the ancient Sanskirt, Old Church Slavonic, and Lingua Franca. Zonal design can be partially found also in modern languages such as contemporary Hebrew, Indonesian, and Swahili.
More...
Was können nun Sprachkorpora den Deutschlernenden bringen? Diese Frage stand als Impulsgedanke für diese Publikation und wurde hoffentlich zumindest teilweise beantwortet. Die Beschreibungen im Abschnitt IV und V können aufgrund der stetigen technischen und graphischen Entwicklung des jeweiligen Instruments bereits zum Zeitpunkt des Erscheinensdieses Buches veraltet sein. Vieles musste hier natürlich nur in Andeutungen bleiben, die entworfenen Forschungsfragen müssten in eigenständigen Studien tiefgreifender angegangenund detaillierter behandelt werden. Dies war jedoch nicht das Ziel dieser Arbeit. Vielmehr sollte die Breite der Nutzungsmöglichkeiten gezeigt werden, obwohl auch diese für DaF undDaZ viel breiter sind als der Platz in diesem Buch.
More...
This handbook aims at introducing the students of French philology and French applied to economics to French and general linguistics. That's why it focuses on the main fields of linguistics: phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, etc., but also on topics permit to have an overview of the problems of the science of language, like the notion of sign, the classification of languages or the communication. This book proposes numerous excercices after almost each chapter, so the students have the opportunity to train with the different points which are mentioned. The handbook is written in French and gets the students familiarized with the grammatical terminology.
More...
There has been no systematic research into the dialect of Bosnian spoken in the city of Sarajevo. The aim of this book is to motivate different linguistic research in the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. First of all, a detailed description is required for the traditional speech of the city. Up till now there have only been sporadic efforts to do this. Onomastic and lexical material in Sarajevo is also yet to be explored. Finally, any sociolinguistic research will provide precious data on the multi-layered division of urban speech.The first part of this book presents the speech of Sarajevo within the southern sub-dialect of the eastern Bosnian (ijekavski-šćakavski) dialect,followed by data on the speech of Sarajevo from almost all the sources available for the past three centuries. The material includes the 18th century Annals by Bašeskija, Šurmin’s work from the late 19th century, and various questionnaires from the National Museum. The speech of Sarajevo was partly covered by various writings on dialectology, particularly papers by D. Brozović, and the now totally vanished ekavski-ijekavski dialect spoken in Bjelave, an old quarter in Sarajevo, is presented through data obtained by a survey conducted in the 1980s. This completes all the principal data about speech in Sarajevo until the end of the 20th century.The second part of the book presents specific lexical forms characteristic of the material and spiritual culture of Sarajevo. Some real-life categories as markings of material and spiritual culture maintain dual forms.Semantic analysis of micro-toponyms across Sarajevo is extremely complex, due to the city’s eventful history, different influences, major changes,conflicts and irreconcilable contradictions. This part contains a systemic presentation and a linguistic-cultural commentary on lexical forms and phraseology.The third part is an attempt to shed more light on the under-researched lexical wealth of the conversational style of the Bosnian language.For that purpose, a considerable lexical corpus was amassed using surveys and interviews, mainly in Sarajevo, and the lexemes of Bosnian conversational style were then divided into neutral and marked ones. The aim was to show their principal features in terms of semantics, structure, and function, but also to show that the lexical wealth of the conversational style corresponds functionally to its needs – which is why none of its segments may be prescribed. That is why this section is followed by an analysis ofthe traditionally ignored taboo-words and jargons. A dictionary of lexemes and phrases completes this book, particularly because all the meanings of lexemes and phrasemes were left unchanged from the time when they were collected, some ten years ago. Moreover, the usage labels were not changed despite the slight changes that have happened in this area, particularly in relation to neologisms that have since lost that status. Namely, the intention was to motivate all future researchers into the Bosnian language to become familiar with the meanings of the lexemes at the time they were collected, allowing people to compare them with present lexemes and thus identify any changes in their meaning or use. At the same time, this allows for scientifically founded conclusions to be drawn on the changes in the lexical unit, specific to the conversational practice of any language, including Bosnian. Finally, our research shows the wealth of the lexical fund of colloquial Bosnian, but also indicates the need for more comprehensive and versatile research – and the results of this work may serve as an important incentive.
More...
The attention on the Moldavian Csangos dialect dates back to the 19thcentury. The regular linguistic researches show that the Csango communities have preserved the archaic Hungarian dialect, rich in medieval elements. Recently, a number of Hungarian, Romanian, and foreign researchers have engaged in the issues of Hungarian language in Moldavia, so the published literature is very diverse and rich. The present paper focuses on the possessive adjective structures, which are manifested in the Moldavian Csango language. I analyse the general possessive adjective structures, their word orders, notations, meanings, and possessive-like locutions. The data was compiled from my own fieldwork and from the articles to be found at the Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Hungarian and General Linguistics.
More...
The aim of this study is to draw up a comparative analysis of morphemes accounting for the number and case inflection categories in Hungarian and Romanian. I have approached aspects related to the morphological structure of these unrelated languages so as to highlight both shared and divergent structural elements. The differences particularly pinpoint the two divergent morphological types, the agglutinative and the inflectional one in Hungarian and Romanian. However, the two languages do not make exclusive use of only one of these two types. Moreover, I have not tackled all inflectional paradigms but merely the aspects pointing at the different morphological structure of nouns in the two languages. I have reinforced my analysis with several examples from the two languages.
More...
The functional route of the international neologisms varies by the areas in which they are installed and by the way of operating of the neoconfixes upon them. In this way, all-inclusive appears recorded in the Romanian current language, in pleonastic and nonsense structures, demonstrating that, in the process of assimilation in the host language, the oscillations may cause adverse effects.
More...
This updated edition of the publication provides an insight into Dutch philology with a focus on linguistics, including the latest scholarship on the Dutch language. The introductory chapters provide a summary of current data concerning the use of Dutch in the world and a characterization of Dutch in terms of the genetic classification of languages, including a brief history of the Dutch language with regard to the process of language standardization and developmental trends. Furthermore, the book introduces the selected linguistic disciplines (phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicology and lexicography, pragmalinguistics), mainly on the basis of examples of various linguistic phenomena from contemporary Dutch. The book also includes a discussion of Dutch in contact with other languages and the characteristics of different varieties of contemporary Dutch. The book also includes an overview of the history of non-Dutch studies, both in the Dutch language area and in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
More...
The monograph illustrates the language specific realization of plausibly universal principles of language structure. The study attempts to cover the most basic (regular) parts of English grammar as a whole consistently, within a single compatible framework, but at the same time to present empirically based arguments in favour of specific analyses. She utilizes as often as possible standard scientific argumentation leading to the most generally accepted and best supported analysis of the chosen phenomena. The study is intended for Czech academic audience and therefore it also contains several typologically relevant comparison of English and Czech structures.
More...
This book has grown to a large extent out of my lectures on the history of the German language. Since, when conceptually designing the lecture courses on the history of the German language, I generally start from the premise that the diachronic data conveyed in philology classes should be used for the purpose of demonstrating the development and systematics of contemporary German, it is only natural that the presentation has a second, equally important focus alongside the narrowly linguistic-historical focus, which is committed to synchrony. By illuminating the linguistic-historical facts with regard to certain morphological special classes of contemporary German, the basis is created for a synchronic classification of the verbal inflection types in German, taking into account the diachronic specifics of their form formation. The two-pronged problem and task definition broadens the target audience of the book, so that it is aimed at students and teachers of German philology, but at the same time also at learners and teachers of German as a foreign language. Of course, this book is also aimed at all those who, for whatever reason, want to understand specific linguistic phenomena of the present and grasp causal relationships.
More...
