Lingvostilistička raščlamba Šitovićevih pjesama o paklu

Author(s): Martina Horvat / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses selected stylistic and linguistic properties of Šitović’s Pisma od pakla. Father Lovro Šitović was the member of Bosnian literature. He uses figures of speech which are common for all the Baroque literature. This has also been confirmed by corpus. The paper also analyses Šitović’s basic phonological and morphological features. Šitović’s word formation is very interesting. These new derivatives will be analyzed in this paper. The paper also considers some basic types of word formation.Attention will also be drawn to Šitović’s lexical stratification.

Politeness and friendliness in public spaces and transport

Author(s): Ewa Bogdanowska-Jakubowska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Public spaces and transport play a very important role in the life of the society. They act as a “self-organising public service,” a shared resource in which experiences and values are created (Mean and Tims 2005). These are places where people are in the presence of other people. The success of a particular public space is not only in the hands of the architect and the urban planner, but it also depends on the people using it. In public spaces and transport, one can read notices which provide their users with instructions how to behave and interact with others, what is acceptable in a particular place and what is not, constituting the so-called traffic rules of social interactions (Goffman 1967). Others are expressions of friendliness, intended to make passers-by and customers feel good. The aim of the study is to analyze this type of inscriptions present in American and Polish urban public spaces and transport. Due to the specificity of the discourse, I decided to employ Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze it.

Korpusové zpracování soukromé korespondence v ÚČJ FF MU v Brně

Author(s): Zdeňka Hladká / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The introductory chapter of the monograph contains basic information about the Corpus of Private Correspondence, which is a significant source of material for linguistic research of correspondence. The corpus, representing 2,000 idiolects, contains private letters that originated at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.It was created at the faculties of arts and informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, and in 2006 was incorporated into the Czech National Corpus (KSK-dopisy). Positive as well as negative aspects of methods used when creating the corpus are described in the text (aspects that are dealt with include e.g. morphological tagging and sociolinguistic annotations), as well as preparing other corpuses of this kind, e.g. a corpus mapping the development of private letters during the 20th century. Attention is paid also to non-corpus processing of correspondence, e.g.creating a data base of marked vocabulary, up to now marginalized from the lexicographic view point A separate part of the chapter indicates trends in linguistic research of private correspondence, carried out up to now at the Department of Czech Language, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno.

Korpusové zpracování korespondenčních textů: morfologické značkování

Author(s): Dana Hlaváčková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This article summarizes the experience with the corpus processing of the corresponding texts. Attention is paid mainly to lemmatization, morphological tagging and disambiguation of texts with a high frequency of substandard linguistic phenomena. The procedure for necessary adjustments of morphological analyzer, the proportion of manual editing and the results obtained are specified.

El problema de delimitación de los compuestos sintagmáticos nominales en español

Author(s): Petr Stehlík / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The article examines the phrasal compounds in Spanish and their delimitation against phraseological units (collocations and idioms) with identical structure. Our study shows that most criteria established so far don’t allow distinguishing between the fields of word-formation and phraseology. For this reason, we recommend to pay more attention to the functions (denominative or predicative/comparative) of the units in question and their different syntactic combinability.

Вариативность на уровне формообразования глаголов в русском языке

Author(s): Elena Ivanovna Kolosova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The Russian language is characterized by a big number of parallel forms at the level of verb formation which can be the reason for a lot of problems when communicating. At the same time the problem ofvariability in the Russian literary language at the level the verb formation hasn’t yet been studied thoroughly in spite of the careful attention paid to the verb category research by scientists. In the past there were more parallels ofthis kind and modern period of the development is still marked by some variations in choosing the verb form. This means that the problem of variation is still a topical problem of the linguistics. However there are not strict rules for the usage of these variations of the verb forms and it can lead to some problems when teaching the Russian language. Detailed study of each type of the variation in the history of the language gives an opportunity to propose perspectives of the phenomena development and will help to create general rules for the forms usage. The following article studies double parallels the verb forms have at the modern stage of the Russian language development. First of all these are verb forms of the present tense ending in –ать (for example каплет и капает, машет и махает etc); variative forms of the past tenses in verbs with suffix -ну- (for example (мокнул и мок etc) an the others. When teaching Russian as a foreign language one should pay attention to the usage of these parallel forms in the speech, accompany the teaching with available historic comments; give recommendations about the usage of these forms in accordance with their stylistic and semantic differentiation in the language. We consider this deviation from the norms of the modern language to be the common feature of all forms.

Japoncadaki Ettirgen Yapılar ve Türkçeye Aktarımları

Author(s): Ümmühan Çiftçi / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The causative structure, which is seen as a complex, difficult to explain and understand grammar topic, shows itself in various forms in Japanese as well as in Turkish. In Japanese, the causative structure is called shieki and the auxiliary verb -(s)aseru is the affix which makes an action causative structurally. The causative structure is created with this affix addition to the unconjugated root part of transitive or intransitive verbs. However, when transferred into Turkish, the causative structure in Japanese which is created with the auxiliary verb - (s)aseru may not have one-to-one correspondence in terms of structure and meaning. In addition, as a result of comparing causative structure in these two languages morphologically, different Japanese causative forms appear. Apart from the basic structure of causative meaning in Japanese, there are also examples of causative structure that the auxiliary verb -(s)aseru is combined with the form of (te + yaru). In this study, Japanese phrases with causative meaning were analyzed in both structural and semantic framework. And though -(s)aseru auxiliary verb is used as the key of causative, structures with different meanings other than causative have also been given. Besides, utilizing example sentences from Minna no Nihongo (Japanese for all) and various other grammar books, how these structures exist in Japanese has been elaborated on, and semantic features encountered when transferred into Turkish have been categorized.

Chorwacki przyimek protiv i jego polskie ekwiwalenty tłumaczeniowe

Author(s): Sybilla Daković / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Croatian protiv preposition is a rare preposition with a complementary genitive case government. Although lexicographical sources note the spatial and non-spatial meanings of this preposition, empirical studies only confirm the meanings from the abstract domain of adversativeness, i.e. expressing the opposite position, contradiction, disagreement with something, limiting, counteracting or protecting against something. The task that we set for ourselves in this work is to determine the resource of the Polish translation equivalents of the Croatian protiv preposition. The analysis will be carried out on a parallel corpus excerpted from contemporary Croatian literature written in 20th and 21st centuries and respective Polish translations. The work will use the method of translation equivalence, belonging to comparative linguistics methodology.The study will consist of two parts. The first part will determine the meanings of the protiv preposition present in the built corpus and the right and left side environment of this preposition will be examined. The second part will be dedicated to equivalence. A resource of Polish equivalents will be presented and their lexical, grammatical and semantic features will be determined. Similarities and differences in the expression of similar content in both languages will be indicated and an attempt will be made to determine the translator’s selection of factors for individual equivalents, e.g. in the form of limitations in the right and left side environment, shade of meaning or stylistic value. The statistical analysis will be an important element of the study, which in addition to the semantic characteristics will help determine the main Polish equivalent of the Croatian protiv preposition. The conducted study can be used in the lexicographic practice, didactics and translation.

Grammaticalization and Modality of Future Tense Forms. II. Modality on the Way to Temporality: Verb Phrases with a Future Meaning

Author(s): Petya Asenova,Hristina G. Markou / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Future in the Past and Conditional

Author(s): Ekaterina Tarpomanova,Bilyana Mihaylova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Balkan Type of Conditional

Author(s): Petya Asenova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Presumptive

Author(s): Ekaterina Tarpomanova,Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Expressing Evidentiality in the Balkan Languages

Author(s): Petya Asenova,Hristina G. Markou / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Reflexive and Middle Voice

Author(s): Petya Asenova,Zlatka Guentchéva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Periphrastic Passive

Author(s): Ekaterina Tarpomanova,Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Непреходни глаголи с придобита транзитивност в новогръцкия език

Author(s): Rumen Rikevski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

In Modern Greek language, the verbs function extremely flexibly in terms of transitivity / intransitivity. In conversational speech, Greeks often violate syntactic norms, and many intransitive verbs change their character and become transitive.

Японската глаголна форма "Та" – свършен вид или минало време (значения)

Author(s): Militsa Mineva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the meanings of the Japanese TA verb form, according to the research of some leading linguists. The TA-form is viewed in aspectual and temporal opposition with the non-past U/RUform, as well as in aspectual opposition with the progressive TE+IRUform and the past progressive TE+ITA- form.The paper deals with the meanings of the Japanese TA verb form, according to the research of some leading linguists. The TA-form is viewed in aspectual and temporal opposition with the non-past U/RUform, as well as in aspectual opposition with the progressive TE+IRUform and the past progressive TE+ITA- form.

A GRAFIKAI REPREZENTÁCIÓ EGYIK SAJÁTOS MEGVALÓSULÁSI FORMÁJA, A RÖVID SZÖVEGES ÜZENETEK VIRTUÁLIS NYELVE – A FORDÍTÁS ÉS FORDÍTHATÓSÁG SZEMSZÖGÉBŐL

Author(s): Réka Suba / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The language of short text messages (omission of sonants, unique contractions, phonetic script, uppercase or lowercase styles of writing, shortened versions of English words, etc.), with its idiosyncratic norms and rules of use, makes up a part of everyday reality for the younger generation and is engendered by the need for transmitting as much information as possible within the framework of mobile technology. However, in recent times, it presents itself not only in the peculiarities of everyday speech acts, but also in advertisement campaigns launched by multinational companies. If this is the case, these advertisements, brochures, and invitations need to be translated into the language of other ethnic groups, which often requires unique adaptations in the case of these texts. Considering that specific features of expression sometimes differ form one language to the next, this task is no small challenge to translators.

Türkçe İşaret Sıfatlarının Metne Bağlı Kullanımlarında Gösterimsel İzler

Author(s): Metin Balpınar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

According to the criterion of whether the referent is linguistically textualized or not in the universe of discourse, the usages of modern Turkish demonstratives can roughly be divided into the text dependent use and the non-text dependent use. Also, according to the criterion of repetition or deletion of the antecendent noun, the text dependent use of the demonstratives can further be subdivided into the anaphoric use and the non-anaphoric use. This study primarily focuses on some deictic properties preserved in the usage of the (text dependent) non-anaphoric bu, which are specific to the non-text dependent use, and reveals that all instances of the non-anaphoric bu can be treated as an intermediate form between the non-text dependent use and the anaphoric use, which is closer to the non-text dependent use. The following are the points argued in the text: (i) the non-anaphoric bu has the property of asymmetry which cannot be observed for the non-anaphoric o, (ii) the distribution of bu may vary depending on whether the referent is treated from the common perspective of the speaker and the hearer or not, (iii) o is a distance-sensitive demonstrative while bu is not, (iv) the difference between bu and o mentioned in (iii) can be explained by Balpınar's (2012) concept of controllability, (v) a referent is always accessible for the writer/reader as long as it remains within the controllable domain of the writer/reader. In this sense, it serves as a visual/situational referent reflecting the topic of the text. Besides, on the basis of the observations in (i)-(v), this study suggests that the non-anaphoric demonstrative bu has stronger deictic properties compared to the non-anaphoric o, and this account can be regarded as a consequence of the reflection of the deictic properties seen in the non-text dependent use on the (text dependent) non-anaphoric use.

Морфоструктура на глаголите от трето спрежение

Author(s): Desislava Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study aims to present and substantiate morpheme segmentation models of third conjugation verbs. In order to implement this task, the morphemes indicating the grammatical meanings of the verbs belonging to the studied formal class should be described. This brings to the fore the question of the coincidence of the aorist and the imperfect morphemes. It’s no accident that some linguists note that this coincidence is an obstacle to “distinguishing the two grammatical meanings”, which “suggests that we must think of a new morphology for these verbs” (Kutsarov 2011: 145). On the other hand, the verb bases for the third conjugation are formed with the help of different morphemes (compare: gled-a, pat-uva, kaz-va). In view of this, an attempt has been made to classify the bases.