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Имя собственное в структуре общеобязательного знания в обучении межкультурной коммуникации

Author(s): Nina Alekseevna Maksimchuk / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article addresses the problem of describing the proper name for training purposes. The proper name is qualified as a reference unit in the structure of obligatory knowledge. It is emphasized that knowledge is compulsory assimilation and mastery of a certain set of onomastic units. Consequently, in language training, first of all, it is necessary to allocate these onomastic units and determine their content. On this basis, it can be offered ways to describe Onims in educational dictionaries.

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Образы «тишины» и «молчания» в поэзии Б. Л. Пастернака: лингвистический аспект

Author(s): Anna Vladimirovna Khiznichenko,Larisa Borisovna Kryukova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In the article linguistic means of verbalization of «quietness» and «silence» images and their role in a creation of the text are considered. Lexical and syntactic units with perceptual semantics represent author's world perception and allow to convey desirable impressions and senses brightly and precisely. The individual description of «quietness» and «silence» results from various semantic and syntactic transformations (for example, replacement of some lexical units in the phraseological locution, "threading" of cognate words, use of synonyms, etc.). Research of linguistic units with semantics of «quietness» and «silence» in stylistic aspect allows to say that the author uses such figures of speech as a metaphor, personification, a metonymy, contrast, an oxymoron, inversion. It is important that the personification of «silence» is directly connected with semantics of the movement. «Silence» is ubiquitous, it promotes enlightenment, provokes cogitative activity and imagination. Traditionally the silence is built in an associative array "dream" - "winter" - "death". The partial linguistic analysis of poems "Oath" and "Silence" confirms thought of the importance of the studied perceptual images in poetic creativity of B. Pasternak. In the first case, the poem is under construction by the principle of contrast from «loud sounding» (holiday) to «lack of sounding / deafness». In the second, on the contrary: from total absence of sounds to silent sounding and its strengthening (besides structural-semantic device of contrast syntactic reception of interchange is also used). Images of «quietness» and «silence» in B. Pasternak's poetry are semantically and structurally significant, and linguistic means of their representation need to be considered as specific characteristics of the author's individual style.

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За някои недостатъчно изследвани области на българо-полската съпоставителна лексикология

Author(s): Petar Sotirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject of discussion are some areas of Bulgarian-Polish comparative lexicology, which are insufficiently studied and represent a field for the implementation of interesting research projects. The aim is to describe the state of research in these areas and to present ideas for their expansion. The focus is on two areas – the comparative study of archaization and the colloquialization of vocabulary in both languages. With regard to archaization, examples are given of asymmetries in the field of vocabulary extinction, which present cases in which tokens from one language are obsolete and in another language are in active function. The author assumes that the factors that provide this “second life” of outdated vocabulary outside the territory of the national language are primarily non-linguistic in nature and their comparative study is interesting. The paper also touches on the state of comparative Bulgarian-Polish research in the field of colloquial vocabulary, the more in-depth study of which is necessary due to the current trend towards colloquialization of the language.

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Болгарские острова на лингвистической карте Юговосточной Европы

Author(s): Elena Uzeneva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article presents an ethnolinguistic analysis of the vocabulary of calendar rituals as part of the lexicon of the traditional folk culture of the Gorani, Islamized Bulgarians. They form one of the Slavic enclaves in Albania. By professing Islam, the Gorani retain the old Christian calendar, which, however, has been rethought in view of agricultural tasks and general well-being. The dominant part of the ritual terminology is of domestic origin (Stredzima, Korezelyanitsi, Blagoets), with the exception of the names of the Muslim rites (Kurban Bayram, Ramadan Bayram, Nevruz). There are cases of the folk etymology among the chrononyms.

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Екзистенциални и модални предикати и онтология на състоянията

Author(s): Anton Zimmerling / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

I discuss holistic and partial predicate ontologies, with focus on the realization of static spatiotemporal predicates in Russian and Bulgarian. I follow the distribution of three constructions with dative case marking on the semantic subject. Modern Bulgarian and Modern Russian share only one of them – dative-predicative structures (DPS), while Russian and Old Slavic languages also use dative-infinitive structures (DIS) as the main cue of expressing the meaning of external modality. The third type – hybrid predicates headed by a negative existential – is a bridge construction between DIS and DPS. Hybrid predicates like негде спать (no place to sleep), некого винить (no one to blame) originated in Old Russian as embedded DIS sentences, but drifted towards DPS. They are partly integrated in the ontology of the Modern Russian DPS construction and behave as modal predicatives with a number of deviating features.

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Амбивалентни оценки в комуникативния процес, отразени в българските фразеологизми, пословици и поговорки

Author(s): Teodora Rabovyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The object of the paper are 45 double-natured phrases which rely on context and situation. They may depend on the desire to speak only the truth, but to conserve one’s feelings. Phraseological units that change their value about positive or negative evaluation. Often the context specifies the positive or the negative mark of the construction. There is opposition between the past and the present, accompanied by changing the assessments (+ → – and vice versa). For example, phrases with stylistic note ʽrebelliousnessʼ are positively marked (i duma da ne stava = I will not hear of it; vikam s palen glas; na visok glas = in a loud voice; pravo, kume, v ochi = straight out, without mincing the matter; flat and plain; dumata mu na dve ne stave = his word is law; ne tsepya basma = not mince one’s words). They oppose to ʽobedienceʼ (stiga da reche „kuku“; ne karsha prikazkata / dumata na dve; zhenata me vodi za ezika) and ʽmasking the truthʼ (edno mu e na sartseto, drugo mu e na ustata = he wears his heart upon his sleeve; s okolni dumi; shlevya se kato zhaba; imam prikazka za nyakogo; kazvam dve dumi; Ne go usukvaj kilifarski! Usukvam go po kilifarski = don’t beat about the bush, get to the point). Another opposition is built about the silence as ʽpreserving a secretʼ and ʽbreaking one’s promice / wordʼ (compare the semantic and the etymology of the expression izplyuvam kamacheto = spill the beans). We also look at the stylistics of double-natured phraseological units (in comparison with artistic devices, used in negatively and positively charged expressions) to explain their power of expression and aesthetic effect in speech.

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Речникът в сборника Български притчи или пословици и характерни думи на П. Р. Славейков

Author(s): Tsvetelina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents one of the so-called intext dictionaries with a specific title: Dictionary of little-known words and expressions. It is without authorship and is published in the collection Bulgarian Proverbs or Proverbs and Characteristic Words by P. R. Slaveykov, published in 1954. The dictionary is interesting with a view to the reader‘s perception and the history of Bulgarian lexicography. It is established that for 60 years there have been serious changes in the lexical system of the Bulgarian language.

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Вариантност, дублетност и синонимия в терминологията

Author(s): Kristiyana Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report attempts to explain the relationship between these concepts in terminology, to clarify their boundaries, as well as to answer the question of whether the phenomenon of variance in terminology is needed and how it will develop in the future. Today there is an unprecedented growth of specialized knowledge worldwide and the variability is directly related to the dynamic development of knowledge. This is because, in short, when a new concept emerges, variance clearly reveals the process of finding the most appropriate and adequate linguistic form of the term in accordance with the specifics of the scientific or professional field. Finding the most accurate linguistic expression of a scientific concept is a very important and very complex activity that requires both professional and linguistic training. And the fact that the same scientific concept can often be expressed through different formalgrammatical structures is a proof of the rich word-formation possibilities of the Bulgarian language.

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Композитуми с компоненти „ковид-“ и „постковид-“ в българския медиен дискурс

Author(s): Natalia Długosz / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses the problem of Bulgarian compound nouns with the components ковид- and постковид-. I describe the formal status of this type of compound words, I group them into semantic fields and I analyze selected examples of language usage in the cognitive-communication approach. I would like to draw your attention to several significant features of the concerned composites. It concerns the feature of brevity, the creation of new structures on the basis of a simple model based on analogy as well as the fact that the feature of formal transparency of compounds is accompanied by a large degree of semantic density. I put an accent on semantic blur of derivatives used in the language of the mass media out of context.

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За един библейски цитат и няколко термина за меховете на ковача в старата славянска книжнина

Author(s): Elka Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the vocabulary of the two Old Bulgarian translations of Orations of St. Gregory of Nazianzus. The analysis is focused on the transmission of a biblical reference from the prophet Jeremiah in the context of everyday life of the Bulgarian medieval society. A new hypothesis is proposed for the understanding of дъмьии – a lexeme unique for Slavonic medieval literature.

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Новооткрит препис на Чина на Свето Богоявление в Трескавечкия евхологий от ХIII век

Author(s): Hristina Toncheva-Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents data about a newly-found copy of The Blessing of the Waters on the Eve of Epiphany, the text of which has been published only partially in the edition of the Treskavec Euchologium from XIII century, without being identified. The copy is the most thorough text of the divine service from this century found until now, which demonstrates textual and lexical similarity to the Glagolitic Euchologium Sinaiticum from X – XI century. It was created in the southwest Bulgarian monastery by the priest Mihail for the needs of Orthodox divine services and was written directly over the Greek text.

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Названията за жилище и езиковата картина в новобългарските дамаскини

Author(s): Vanya Micheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study presents the linguistic and semantic realizations of the concept “living places” in the New Bulgarian damascenes from the 17th century. A system of words and collocations and their use in different contexts are analyzed in view of their connection with Christian culture and with the medieval picture of the world. The process of enrichment of the names for living places in the history of the Bulgarian language and of the changes in the conceptual content of the words and collocations is followed.

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Терминология, свързана с християнството, в антропонимия и ойконимия от каза Неврокоп по данни от 1569-1570 година

Author(s): Georgi Mitrinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the names pop / papa / papas of Christian religious persons included in the anthroponymy of the Christian population of Nevrokopska Kaza, according to data from Ottoman tax registers from the 16th century. A comparison is made with material from Ottoman registers for Western Thrace and the Southern Rhodopes. A name of domestic, Bulgarian origin, pop is the most widespread in the lists of the Nevrokop region.

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Някои диалектни лексеми в българските говори в Албания и техните успоредици в славянските и в балканските езици

Author(s): Luchia Antonova-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Absract. The paper examines some rare dialectal lexemes in Bulgarian dialects in Albania, tracing their correspondences in Slavic and Balkan languages. Some names of animals are considered – vèshk’e, trəmka, as well as names of watery areas – mochvàr, tùn’a, kal and names related to the natural phenomenon of rainfall // snow.

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Източнобългарски черти в говора на с. Речане, Призренско

Author(s): Iliyana Garavalova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The dialect of the village of Rechane spoken in the Prizren region bears all the diagnostic traits of the Bulgarian language and its northwestern dialects in particular. The geographical location of the dialect in the westernmost part of the Bulgarian language area not only makes it important for the delineation of its western boundary but also provides major evidence of its continuity. This is so especially as the dialect has a number of features typical of the Eastern Bulgarian dialects found at all linguistic levels. The subject of research in this article are specifically these characteristics. The analysis is based entirely on new dialect material collected by the author during the conduction of preparatory courses for university entrance exams in Bulgarian language, literature, history and culture for the local Bulgarian minority during the period 2015–2019. The characteristic dialect features are compared with similar phenomena in the Bulgarian language area and with phenomena in other neigbouring Slavic languages. The author draws important conclusions concerning the ethnic identity of the local population and the unity of the Bulgarian language, the continuity of the Bulgarian language area and the location of its western boundaries.

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Ойконимите в „Българския топонимен речник“

Author(s): Anna Choleva-Dimitrova,Nadezhda Dancheva,Maya Vlahova-Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study examines Bulgarian settlement names included in the Bulgarian Toponymic Dictionary’s lexicon, which represent the biggest share of all the dictionary entries. It aims at summarizing the structural types of oikomyms that are to be found in the contemporary Bulgarian oikonymic system. Special attention is also given to names of abandoned or depopulated settlements, whose number is constantly growing, since they continue to be part of the Bulgarian oikonymy. The oikonymic classification proposed here is based on the one traditionally implemented in Bulgarian toponymic research. In the conclusion, the most common structural types of settlement names as well as the most frequent formants are presented.

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Към етимологизуването на балкански заемки в българските говори

Author(s): Hristina Deykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper offers etymological interpretation of several Bulgarian dialect words borrowed from neighboring Balkan languages (Turkish and/or Romanian). One of the borrowings is already included in the Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary (ферфельì m. ‘a clumsy person’), while the etymology of the others is explained for the first time (хамел ‘glutton’, хамѐль ‘a gluttonous, voracious person’, хамеллѝкь ‘gluttony’, амѐл ‘a gluttonous, voracious person, cattle, etc.’, ‘stubbornness, persistence’, амѐль ‘greed’ and their derivatives). The paper discusses a couple of issues concerning the etymologization of Balkan borrowings in the Bulgarian dialects such as establishing the contact language, finding the correct etymon in the source language, revealing the specific way of penetration of the borrowings. In order to overcome the difficulties, the research needs to consider the specific sociolinguistic situation, the peculiarities of the dialect phonetic systems, as well as possible phonetic and semantic changes in the source language.

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За произхода на хрàски ‘малки, недозрели зелчета, паберки по полето’

Author(s): Krasimira Fuchedzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to etymologize the dialect noun хрàски ‘small unripe cabbages’. In order to explore possible paths of semantic development, the noun is associated with the verb хрàскам ‘hit hard with noise’. The paper illustrates how hypotheses about the etymology of a word of obscure or uncertain origin can be built by means of semantic parallels. It demonstrates how the recurring links between two meanings, often found in different, etymologically unrelated words, can be convincing proof of the origin of words with obscured etymologies.

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Ландшафтни термини за назоваване на водни обекти в микротопоними от Западна България

Author(s): Nadezhda Dancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject of the study are microtroponyms from Western Bulgaria, formed by or with the participation of a hydrographic term. This is a small part of the water-naming objects and related with water objects, which are preserved in the Bulgarian microtoponymy collected during the time. The analysis is based on the etymological and the areal method, as well as on information about their geographical distribution and their reflection in the microtoponymy of Western Bulgaria.

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Наивната аксиология в народния календар на българите

Author(s): Mariya Kitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Traditionally, calendar time is viewed as a cyclic notion, which predetermines the existence of transitional periods serving as mythological and factual boundaries. In the majority of cases, these periods have negative symbolism as they are characterised by disturbance in the balance between heaven and earth, between the forces of cosmos and chaos. For these reasons, the periods of transition are regarded as dangerous and impure. The study titled “The Naive Axiology in the Bulgarian Folk Calendar” deals with a group of terms in Bulgarian calendar terminology – chrononyms denoting those periods and days in the Bulgarian folk calendar, which represent the most unfavourable time of the year according to folk beliefs. The paper addresses chrononyms formed with the roots: wolf – Вълчи празници (Wolf holidays), mouse – Миши празници (Mouse holidays), rabbit – Зайковден (Rabbit day), snake – Зъмски ден (Snake day), bear – Мечкин ден (Bear day). The semantic analysis studies each chrononym in the context of the system of holidays, prohibitions and preventive actions.

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