СТАНДАРТИ ЗА КОРПОРАТИВНА СОЦИАЛНА ОТГОВОРНОСТ

Author(s): Radostina Bakurdjieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

Corporate social responsibility is a problem of enormous scientific-theoretical and practical significance. It turns out that in the conditions of economic crisis the companies do not give up on social initiatives and engagements. The objective of the presentation is to focus on the currency of the problems concerning the social audit and the European experience in this direction. The paper analyzes the standards of corporate social responsibility and their application in Bulgaria. The article presents a study of 150 Bulgarian firms and generalizes the results for applying the CSR standards. It discusses the role of the responsible institutions in Bulgaria.

КАЧЕСТВЕНИТЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НА ЧОВЕШКИЯ КАПИТАЛ ВЪВ ВИСШЕТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И НАУКАТА В УСЛОВИЯТА НА ИКОНОМИКАТА НА ЗНАНИЕТО (теоретични аспекти)

Author(s): Alla Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The study of the human capital in the higher education and science is a result of their changed role and significance following the development of new realities of 21st century – knowledge economy, innovation economy, information society, education economy. The latter are treated as a premise for a theoretical analysis of the specific of the human capital of the people employed in the mentioned areas in three directions – by type of knowledge, specific abilities and skills, and the public role and functions. The paper outlines the structural characteristics of the term knowledge, which is basic for the specifying of such type of human capital. The paper analyzes its quality specifics – creative artistic character and type of thinking, possessing biologically input talent, specific intellectual abilities and skills. The paper determines its public and functional role for: creating knowledge economy, forming, storing and improving of the human capital of the nation, developing the innovation area of the economy, using the expert potential of the representatives of the academic circles.

ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИТЕ ИНСТИТУЦИИ В СОЦИАЛНАТА СФЕРА

Author(s): Stanka Rinkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

Every economic system can be considered a formal social-economic structure. It changes, and under certain institutional conditions it can develop stable. In its logical unity the economic system includes the “real” sector of the economy and social area. The statement that in Bulgaria the economic and institutional transformation in the real sector is done faster in transition is well-known. This paper studies the specifics of the economic institutions in the social area. The theoretical base of the analysis is the neoclassical and institutional approach. The branches of the social area “produce” services, which are direct investments in the human capital. The role of the human capital in the times of the knowledge economy is increasing. The institutions are the sustainable norms and rules, which determine the behavior of the people, of the economic subjects. The institutions are the very organizations – firms, departments, state. The main thoughts in the paper are on whether the forming of human capital can be left in the power of the institutions on the competitive market. This would mean realization of the functions of the market, forming a balanced market price of the social goods, monopolization, etc. The dilemma concerns the issue how admissible this market is in this socially sensitive area. It is known that the market is “socially immune”. The article shows the main barriers to the full application of the market institutions in the social area. “Quasi” market forms of production and distribution of the main services are applicable here. The article defends another thesis as well – that there are factors requiring the application of elements of the market mechanism and the economic principles of behavior in the branches of the social area. “Building in” of the economic institutions in the branches of the social area should guarantee an optimal ratio between humanism and economization. The outsourcing and public-private partnership are some of the effective forms of management in the social areas.

ИНОВАЦИОННО РАЗВИТИЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЕКСПОРТНИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА (1986-2008 г.)

Author(s): Alexander Tassev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The article answers the question to what extent the Bulgarian branch economy, in the transition to market economy, has lost specialization in high technological and value added export productions – leading consumers of new knowledge. The conclusions are that the branch economy has lost a substantial part of the specialization in productions with high added value, including the high technological ones. As of today, it has low technological development and is under the level of a potential consumer of new knowledge. In this connection the article determines certain directions in forming an innovation model of development of the Bulgarian economy.

ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВАТА ПРЕД ИЗМЕРВАНЕ НА НЕМАТЕРИАЛНИ АКТИВИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Todor Gradev,Lubomir Dimitrov,Spartak Keremidchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The study uses new methodology developed by Corrado, Hulten and Sickel in 2006 for measuring the intangible assets in Bulgaria and the factors that premise it. The study ranges data for 1990-2006. The data are aggregated from firm to sector level when reporting the import and export. Intangible assets are: costs for software and computer databases, innovative property, R&D costs, property rights, costs for acquiring licenses, architecture and engineer design, trademarks property, brands and economic compensations, costs for market research and brand advertising, specific firm human capital and organization structure. Recalculating by the new methodology, the paper shows the contribution of the intangible assets in forming GDP in the studied period. It takes into consideration the deep changes in the Bulgarian economy in the analyzed period, like the carried out privatization, the collapse of the industry, the financial crisis in 1996-1997, and the mass introduction of FDI.

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНОТО РАВНИЩЕ НА ПАЗАРА НА ТРУДА

Author(s): Pobeda Loukanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The problem of inconsistence between acquired and demanded specialties on the labor market eventually reveals loss of human resources, which could have been realized as such if hired on the studied specialties. Avoiding such negative economic and social result requires a well organized monitoring of the higher and secondary vocabulary education and their results, evaluation and adjustments according to the needs of the employers and the public practice. In this connection, the article presents results of studies on this inconsistence according to the acquired education degree. It turns out that there is bigger shortage of staff with secondary education, and at the same time there is a deficit of staff with higher and secondary education with realized low intensity of transition from primary to secondary education. To a certain extent this limits the range of the transition from secondary to higher education. In this connection, the article gives recommendations to the education concerning improving its quality, and on that basis – achieving better mobility of the labor force. The paper counts also the complex requirements of the Europe 2020 program and the national engagements for their realization.

ИНОВАТИВНИ ЛИ СМЕ?

Author(s): Krassimir Kerchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

According to the General Innovation Index, the not large European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, Finland, Switzerland and Sweden) are among the leaders of innovativeness of the national economy. For the Europe scale, by number of population, area, representation in EU and other indicators, Bulgaria is in the same group, but it is considerably behind on degree of innovativeness. The article compares the innovativeness of Bulgaria with the not large European countries and the average EU level by dynamics and difference in the innovation activity. It classifies and groups the countries by the General Innovation Index. For showing the state and place of Bulgaria, EU and the not large European countries, the studies includes also USA and Japan.

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНАТА ПОДГОТОВКА НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО В БЪЛГАРИЯ – ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ЗА ИНОВАЦИОННО РАЗВИТИЕ

Author(s): Irena Zareva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The paper presents problems to the educational preparation of the Bulgarian population, to the forming and presence of human capital, including such with high level and quality. It focuses the attention on more important barriers to increasing the quality of the human capital of the country, as well as some premises to the unfavorable phenomena and processes in the education. The paper states that the development of the education and human capital of Bulgaria should become a strategic national priority.

МОБИЛНОСТТА НА РАБОТНАТА СИЛА КАТО ФАКТОР ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ НА ИКОНОМИКА, ОСНОВАНА НА ЗНАНИЕТО: ПРЕХОД ОТ УЧЕНЕ КЪМ ЗАЕТОСТ

Author(s): Iskra Beleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The article analyzes the problems of labor realization of young people, particularly their transition from education to employment. Specific attention is drawn on the youths with higher education in their entering the labor market in Bulgaria. The article analyzes the policies applied for overcoming the difficulties of lack of work experience, finding “first” job and its effectiveness.

СЪВРЕМЕННИ ПРАКТИКИ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ НА ИНОВАЦИОННАТА АКТИВНОСТ НА ЧОВЕШКИТЕ РЕСУРСИ

Author(s): Mariana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

In the current economic conditions the survival and prosperity of organizations more and more depends on the success they have in unlocking the innovation potential of their employees. To greatest extent the human resource is capable to contribute to the progress of the Bulgarian economy in the long economic crisis. The paper presents modern approaches from the practice of effective organizations developing their human resources and using their skills for developing and introducing innovations. The article analyzes the characteristics of the small and medium-sized enterprises, dominating in Bulgaria, regarding the opportunities for increasing the innovation activity of the employees. It attempts to study the available statistical information concerning the obstacles to using the approaches in selection, training and developing the human resources in the organizations for increasing the innovation activity in the Bulgarian organizations.

Struktura inwestycji na terenie miasta i gminy Szadek

Author(s): Katarzyna Milewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2001

Editors' Blog: Losing its Luster

Author(s): S. Adam Cardais / Language(s): English Issue: 12/13/2011

As the eurozone crisis escalates, post-communist Europe is cooling on the euro. Should we be alarmed? Or even surprised?

Natural Gas: An Expensive Trickle

Author(s): Michael Fredholm / Language(s): English Issue: 04/15/2008

As Russian gas gets scarcer, Europeans should expect to pay a premium for it.

Vzťah práva a ekonomiky v období krízových situácií v národnom hospodárstve (legislatívne úvahy a podnety)

Author(s): Jozef Suchožu / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 05/2013

The aim of this study is to contribute to the clarification of the relationship of law and economics from the aspect of law. Based on the above and taking into account the recodification of Slovak civil law and historical development, author of the study explores the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of private law. The relation of law and economics is determined by the historical development of human society. There was a wide range of social relations in the sphere of interest of the earlier legislation. This relationship gets new quality under the conditions of the transformation of Slovak economy. At present functioning of the free market raises the question of the state's role in the economy, in particular the legality and the limits of state intervention in economic relations.

KLAUS, Václav: My, Evropa a svět – Daneš Brzica

Author(s): Štefan Bojnec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 05/2013

BALÁŽ, P. – SZÖKEOVÁ, S. – ZÁBOJNÍK, S.: Čínska ekonomika – nová dimenzia globalizácie svetového hospodárstva: (bude XXI. storočie storočím Číny?)

Author(s): Peter Verček / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 05/2013

Přístup SVAR k odhadu produkční mezery – aplikace pro slovenskou ekonomiku

Author(s): Dana Kloudová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 05/2013

Although output gap belongs between important indicators of central banks, it is unobservable variable and it is difficult to measure it correctly. One of methods of estimating output gap is structural VAR (SVAR) model. The purpose of this paper is analysis of SVAR models with two, three, four and five variables. It will be shown, that all four models will generate same business cycle and relative high correlation coefficient. Afterwards, output gaps estimated by SVAR models will be comparised with output gap estimated by Hodrick-Prescott filter and it will be shown, that all five output gaps will generate the same cycle.

Interpreting the Czech Knowledge Management Experience

Author(s): Vladimír Bureš,Richard Brunet-Thornton / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2013

Knowledge Management (KM) is today a relatively well-established managerial discipline. A self-administered questionnaire is conducted to investigate hypotheses focused on Knowledge Management and managerial perceptions. The main research question becomes “what is the nature of this attitude and whether the perception of KM can be generalised or is specific to certain groups”. Data are processed using descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square, Likelihood ratio, Cramer’s V, and additional supportive tests. It is apparent from the data analysis that a negative perception of KM prevails among Czech managers. Moreover, the study proves that there is no significant relationship between the replies of various respondent subgroups segregated by age and the non/existence of KM in an organisation. A shift in the responsibilities and the democratisation of knowledge are contrary to the ideologies and practice of doing business today in the Czech Republic.

Fiskální pravidla v zemích Visegrádské čtyřky

Author(s): Ales Melecky,Markéta Gubaniová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 05/2013

Recently the popularity of fiscal rules has been increasing also due to the impact of macroeconomic and financial shocks on fiscal sustainability. This paper reviews supranational and national fiscal rules implemented in the Visegrad countries (V4). Namely, we base the review and comparison of fiscal rules on the existing literature and the empirical data from the European Commission. According to the Fiscal Rule Strength Index developed by the European Commission, Poland’s debt rule as of 1997 received the highest ranking. Poland also received the highest score based on the aggregated Fiscal Rules Index in 2009. The most influential in this respect is the application of an early adjustment mechanism which is triggered once the debt to GDP ratio exceeds 50%. Empirical analysis showed that effectiveness of fiscal rules differs across selected groups of countries.

Solving the Real-life Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Using Self Organizing Migrating Algorithm

Author(s): Juraj Pekár,Ivan Brezina,Zuzana Čičková / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2013

This article deals with self-organizing migrating algorithm (SOMA) for solv-ing the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Our interest in VRPTW arises from a real-life distribution problem in one of the regions of Slovakia (individual customers’ commodities delivering times were restricted by their available service time), where the previous distribution was realized on the base of solution derived with heuristic Clarke & Wright's savings algorithm with time windows. The importance of that problem follows from many practical applications as well as from its computational complexity, therefore the use of optimization techniques seems to be relatively complicated, and nowadays many researchers turn their attention to applications of alternative computational techniques that are inspired by evolutionary biology. The obtained solution allows reducing the total time needed by 16.2%. The presented approach could be used also for solving various economic problems with time restrictions in the field of distribution.