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This article is a debate on the rising of the European extremism, based on the recent French elections results. What’s going to happen next and is America different from Europe? The author suggests some possible answers.
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By the 1570’s, Potosí, and its silver, had become the hub of a commodity revolution that reorganized Peru’s peoples and landscapes to serve capital and empire. This was a decisive moment in the world ecological revolution of the long seventeenth century. Primitive accumulation in Peru was particularly successful: the mita’s spatial program enabled the colonial state to marshal a huge supply of low-cost and tractable labor in the midst of sustained demographic contraction. The relatively centralized character of Peru’s mining frontier facilitated imperial control in a way the more dispersed silver frontiers of New Spain did not. Historical capitalism has sustained itself on the basis of exploiting, and thereby undermining, a vast web of socio-ecological relations. As may be observed in colonial Peru, the commodity frontier strategy effected both the destruction and creation of premodern socio-ecological arrangements.
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Neoliberalism is subject to conflicting interpretations. Although often associated with the relation between state and market, neoliberalism is certainly beyond the scope of these relationships. It is a complex phenomenon composed of beliefs, practices and institutions. Neglecting any of these elements leads to a misunderstanding of the whole. One of the most complex issues facing those who deal with the issue of neoliberalism is to establish a connection between normative recommendations of neoliberal theory and political and economic changes in market economies. Elementary insights into economic changes over the last decades show that there is a certain correspondence between the neoliberal ideas and the trajectory of many capitalist economies, but also clear discrepancies. The goal of this paper is to investigate the analytical potential of the "embeddedness" concept in the analysis of discrepancies between neoliberal theory and practice.
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source: THE ECONOMIST, London, Jan 17, 1953 - Confusion Behind the Iran Curtain
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The Altman’s model is in wide use in the world as one of reliable tools for prediction of a company bankruptcy. Today, especially in the current recession, this model has special application possibilities. Companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a longer period of time face difficulties in their businesses which results in bankruptcies “under suspicious conditions”. One of possible causes is inadequate usage of prediction models, specially of “Z” score model, as one of the most reliable tools not only for bankruptcy prediction, but also for due diligence and value assessments of companies.
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The article deals with current issues related to environmental protection investment in Ukraine. First of all, green investments are defined in order to avoid inconsistencies in the interpretation of the results. There are analysis of investments in environmental protection over the past five years and the main source of funding, social and economic implications of green investment are considered. During writing conclusions of the article were made primarily on the basis of Ukrainian official statistics.
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The present paper investigates the use of national wage settings as a mechanism to deter entry via foreign direct investment (FDI) in a unionized monopoly industry. A union which sets centralized wages in a multi-unit firm can both decentralize and change the agenda to prevent the market entry of a non-unionized firm. The adoption of the efficient bargaining agenda is especially effective to deter entry because it lowers the fixed-cost threshold the entrant can bear. Moreover, through side-payments, the incumbent and the union can have common interests in modifying the wage setting to reach outcomes that is Pareto-superior to duopoly. However, if the union cedes “too much power” and becomes “too weak”, internal conflicts with the incumbent firm may arise.
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The article delves into the judgement of the General Court in the Trajektna case. The essential problem therein concerns a possibility to declare an assessment of market behaviour under national competition law as tantamount to an assessment under EU antitrust law. The very issue in this context is that domestic rules are equivalent to those in the Treaty. Nonetheless, such an approach may raise doubts since merely literal correlation does not suffice to render both legal bases exchangeable. Another relevant aspect is leaving a space to manoeuvre for national courts to act when the proceedings are carried out before them. This is indeed legitimate through the lens of the principle of loyalty with regard to the cooperation between national courts and the European Commission.
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The inclusion of Poland to the common market for goods meant the abolition of customs duties and quantitative restrictions on agricultural products in mutual trade with the countries of the European Union (customs duties on industrial goods have already been abolished by the Europe Agreement) and the application of the Common Customs Tariff on imports from third countries. Freedom of movement of goods after the accession to the EU accounted for Polish entrepreneurs a chance, because the fulfillment of EU norms and standards means full access to the common market, amounting to more than 500 million inhabitants. Particularly noticeable was the impact of accession on foreign trade, which, thanks to the membership not only gained easier access to the common market, but also new opportunities to increase trade with third countries. Since Polish accession to the EU gradually increased trade in agricultural products as well as their participation in the Polish foreign trade. Emigration of Poles also increased significantly, especially to countries that with effect from 1 May 2004 opened their labor markets, namely the United Kingdom, Ireland. In the final evaluation of the benefits of joining the common market and free movement of goods, persons, services and capital far outweigh, in both the scale of the economy and at the micro level, the costs associated with membership in the European common market.
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The study of human history reveals that all authorities share a common attribute (feature) – the pursuit to consolidate, preserve and reproduce their power. This principle applies to the behavior of managers, too, since they need to ensure the efficient performance of the organisations they are in charge of and survive as the heads of those organisations. When approached from a broader perspective, issues are further complicated by the intervention of the ego. Managers’ behavior is still rational and acceptable when the influence of their ego is within reasonable limits. Going beyond those limits may result in dictatorship and bureaucracy in the effort to retain their power. There are some fundamental rules which, if observed during the management process, could help managers and their teams avoid serious trouble.
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The fur trade, which runs from the Scandinavia to the Caspian Sea,began to focus from the 6th century. The historical process that causes this situation, began with encounters of some of the Slavic tribes , spreading from the field of Middle Ozi(Dnieper) northerly to the surroundings of Lake Ladoga and İlmen with Fin societies in the 6-8th century. In the 8th century Normans which penetrated to the Ladoga and İlmen Lake surroundings, spread in the direction of upper Idil (Volga) and Ozi River. So Normans arrived the Khazar country through the Idil River and also came down to the Black Sea through the Ozi and contacted the Slavs there. In the following process, Normans and later Russian merchants, sold valuable furs they receive from Fin and Slavic people, especially to Islamic countries under the patronage of Idil Bulgarian states.
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The purpose of this study is as follows: To explain the new dimension that the corporate governance practices, which have had troubles for years in Turkey, have acquired with the Turkish Commercial Code and, while explaining such relations, to reveal the importance of independent auditing, which could not become fully functional and has gone through many problems again in the practices of our country, and also the importance of present situation and the situation in future with the help of Turkish Commercial Code and corporate governance relations. Interviews as a way of qualitative research has been done face to face with at least one chief auditor (mostly CPAs) working in any of the independent auditing firms in İzmir and Çanakkale cities. Following interviews with auditors it has been revealed that the Turkish Commercial Code, corporate governance in Turkey would contribute positively to development of independent auditing.
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The 6th Warsaw School of Statistical Physics took place in Sandomierz from June 25 to July 2, 2016. The primary goal of each of our invited speakers was to give a series of lectures which – in a pedagogical way – introduced selected topics in modern statistical physics with the idea of arriving at open problems. The idea was to inspire the audience to make research related to presented topics.The lectures were given by distinguished physicists: Bernard Derrida: Collège de France & École Normale Supérieure, Siegfried Dietrich: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems & University of Stuttgart, L. Mahadevan: Harvard University, Kim Sneppen: University of Copenhagen, Herbert Spohn: Technische University München, Daniel Ueltschi: University of Warwick. The present volume contains the lecture notes which the invited speakers kindly agreed to publish.
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