Around the Bloc: Ukraine Rebels Ramp Up Pressure on Kyiv
Blockade of goods from rebel areas puts economy under stress amid continued fighting.
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Blockade of goods from rebel areas puts economy under stress amid continued fighting.
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Bans and threats of more reprisals against Belarusian products reflect widening gap between the two once-tight neighbors.
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The article analyzes the importance of the energy factor in the system of relations between United States and Russia. It defines the role and place of the oil mon-archies of the Persian Gulf, as well as Iraq and Iran in the energy policies of the United States of America and the Russian Federation. The paper discussed the conceptual content of the energy factor as a foreign policy tool, which can simul-taneously act as an element of “hard” and “soft power”. The mechanism of the formation of the United States of a regional network on the system of so-called “energy outposts.” The author analyzed the basic mechanisms of the US-Russian energy dialogue in the Gulf region, as well as highlighted reasons for the rise of competitive confrontation between the superpowers in the energy sector of the region and presents main directions of Russian-American cooperation and com-petition in the energy sector of the Gulf States.
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The present paper offers a critical analysis of what its authors call a new approach to social class. The analytical framework concerned is based on a large BBC-sponsored Internet survey and co-coauthored by a team of researchers led by Mike Savage. In theoretical terms, the most relevant observation to be made regarding the appproach under examination is its total dependence upon Pierre Bourdieu's concepts and ideas. This concerns first of all his theory of multiple 'capitals', two of which, e.e. social and cultural have been singled out by the exponents of the framework analysed in the paper as the building blocks of their own class theory. In other publications of the present author it has been shown that the purported Bourdesian 'capitals' are not any capitals at all, that they constitute misnomers, or even oxymorons. The consequences of this theoretical misunderstanding, to say the least, are as devastating in the case of Savage et al. as in the case of French thinker. The typology of social classes built upon such shaky grounds is found wanting in many respects; inter alia, such concepts as the middle class and the precariat are being criticised in more detail. Overall, the authors' shameless self-adevertising campaign, their analytic framework contains scarcely any new insights or ideas and mirrors other people's errors and failings instead.
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Employer branding literature – both scholarly and practitioner – has seen many attempts to define employer branding and this variety, albeit enriching, involves terminological ambiguity and therefore calls for elaboration on this term as well as its theoretical framing. Therefore, this paper brings the discussion about theoretical underpinnings upon which employer branding research could be based. Specifically, the theory of psychological contract, the concept of brand equity, signalling theory, literature of organizational ecology and organizational attractiveness construct are linked, reviewed and integrated for better understanding of employer branding.
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The review of: Pazarlás az emberrel (The Squandering of Human Capital) by Judit Rimler; Budapest: Közgazdaságtudományi Intézet, 1993, 194 pp.
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Past scholars have focused on mostly business and entrepreneurial undergraduate students. There is a poor understandingof motivation (MA) factor as mediating variable explaining the relationships among various factors such as subjective norms (SN),barriers (BA), and hawker entrepreneurial intention among young Chinese hospitality undergraduate students. Therefore, this paper explores the relationships between motivation variables and the variables of Theory Reason Action (TRA) associated with Chinese university hospitality students’ intention to become hawker food entrepreneurs. The research model reflects the effects of MA, SN and BA on TRA constructs have been proposed. In total, 141 cases were gathered from the survey. Structural equation modelling was used to measure the proposed theoretical research model. Theresult concluded that motivation discovered significantly support of this study but not subjective norm and barriers factor. The limitations in this study might have faults in responding as some respondents may have interest to work in a hotel rather than setting up as a hawker entrepreneur. Future research may investigate on those hospitality graduates that have already set up hawker entrepreneur this may prevent any mistake. The results of the study have contributed to the entrepreneurship body of new knowledge, especially in the Theory Reasoned Action, particularly in terms of hawker food entrepreneurial intention.
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It often speaks of performance. But it is known, meaning that concept? We note that, despite the abundance of uses, performance is rarely defined, even in situations where it is the central object of study. Moreover, neither the origin of this concept is not widely presented. The meaning of the concept of performance has changed over time. He is a polysemous term, with various meanings depending on the areas where it is used. This explains why we speak of economic performance, economic and financial performance and financial performance. The concept of performance of the company is based on the theory of the stakeholders. Managers can not maximize firm value ignoring the interests of the social partners: shareholders, employees, creditors, suppliers, customers, state, etc. From the perspective of the enterprise, these interests may be contradictory, which may give rise to conflicts within the organization, adversely affecting financial results.
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In the conditions of globalization, the application of international accounting standards and reporting on the enterprises business activity is becoming topical in order to take into account the different users’ needs in information for administrativedecision-making. The conceptual framework of financial statements of different enterprises have to be comparable, otherwise theinformation is not relevant for management demands. The application of International Standards of Accounting and Reporting allows understanding the statements of different companies; compare them, to make management decisions. However, in Ukraine and several other countries the national accounting standards, regulatory acts are being operated containing different provisions for regulation of accounting objects. So, the organizational and methodological principles of accrual and accounting of intangible assets amortization require to be investigated because it is an important factor affecting the results of financial and economic activity of the companies. The main purpose of the study is to systematize the international and national practice of charging and accounting depreciation of fixed assets of enterprises, singling out the differences between them, comparing depreciation methods considering their strengths and weaknesses, identification of improvement trends in accounting depreciation of enterprise fixed assets. The general scientific and special methods of analysis have become the methods of study. The methodological basis of investigation is the scientific treatments of researchers in economics, international, legal and regulatory acts of Ukraine. The concrete proposals for improvement of legal and regulatory acts of Ukraine on accounting and depreciation of fixed assets for the unification of international and national requirements have become the results of the investigation. The authors have come to the conclusion of the necessity of creating a depreciation fund with real financial support for carrying out the effective depreciation policy at the enterprise. The mechanism of calculating the average depreciation ratio has been determined by multiplying it and the cost of the sold production to fix the amount of depreciation that can be used to update the fixed assets and etc. It has been proposed to adapt the legislative regulation of accounting depreciation to the international practice to avoid ambiguity.
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Currently the focus is on the fact that non-financial reporting is essential for the transition to a sustainable economy which combines long-term profitability with social inclusion and protection of natural resources. It aims is to increase the transparency and comparability among large companies. The information they provide will be available direct investors interested in sustainable development of target companies, investors can have a complete image on the position and performance not only in economic and financial matters but also in aspects of sustainable development.
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Staff training is one of the common concerns in thought and management application of modern management in the first quarter of the last century. The awareness of the importance of the relationship between the training staff and their ability to invent new ways of doing business in these institutions is still limited. As noted, the trainees of the National Water Company (NWC) are inefficient in achieving customer service, maintaining the facilities, and repairing faults. Thus, this study aimed at identifying the effect of training strategies on the performance of trainees in NWC in Mecca city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 100 closed-ended questionnaires were randomly distributed to employees such as managers, heads of departments, technicians, and workers, in NWC. Of these, only 85 questionnaires that were duly completed, and analysed, yielding a response rate of 85%. Data were analysed statistically using SPSS software (Version 19.0). Findings in Mecca show that almost 50% of the development of human resources was explained by the training strategy. The two dimensions that were successfully predicted in the development of human resource were trainers and administrative and supervisory services. The study comes out with several recommendations. One of these recommendations is that NWC should obtain trainers from outside the company to improve the trainees’ expertise.
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The information determinates a functioning of enterprises, and especially enterprises being active in the tourist trade. A proper management of these information constitutes an important element influencing an activity of touristic enterprises. Therefore,in the article there were introduced some aspects of Information Management which is fostered by the utilization of IT systems distinctive for tourist trade sectors. There were portrayed three basic groups of economic entities participating in processes of tourist flow. The attention was also given to a variety of specific IT systems and solutions which being applied by organizations,services providers or consumers in the tourist trade contribute to supporting information management.
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The aim of the study was to present the basic issues related to the functioning of municipal savings banks, and then show the possibilities of their activities in Poland. At present, they do not function in the Polish financial system, but of former times was, Poles carried the rich tradition of creating and maintaining. The article is described so alike history of municipal savings banks in Poland, as the hypothetical functioning under the instruments microfinance. Entire complement consideration related to restarting operations municipal savings banks in modern Poland. To write an article were used the existing written sources, which after analysis of its foundations constituted. The most important conclusions of the study, was the statement the theoretical complementarily municipal savings banks, with another pro-civic instruments (eg. participatory budget), and to statement significant rank of this institution in the development of the local civil society.
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In the times of crisis, there is a particular need to maintain the stability of the public finance sector. However, the need to undertake stimulating and activating measures processes causes many difficulties in maintaining the fiscal balance. Increasingly, it points to the need to seek a new paradigm in public finances, which will use the experience from the global financial crisis. Among other things, it must be distinguished between maintaining public finance stability and maintaining fiscal sustainability. The aim of this article is to present the essence and the role as well as to assess the stability of the public financial system, by identifying its basic metrics, features and conditions.
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Since 1970s, the sector of general government in Poland has been burdened with debt, which was rising at a particularly fast rate in the past decade. The cost of servicing the debt puts a significant burden on the current state and local government budgets. This makes the spending rules more difficult to comply with. The attempts to reduce the rate at which the debt has been increasing and to carry out fiscal consolidation of public finances have not been effective. In 2014, under the pressure of the EU Excessive Deficit Procedure that had been imposed on Poland in 2009, the national debt was partly reduced and a new fiscal framework was introduced. Those actions resulted in a temporary upturn in national finances, but a three-year perspective shows a probable further increase of the national debt (although at a lower rate). This may hamper and delay implementation of the national government’s Plan for Responsible Development, because this program will require significant investments in the industrial sector of the national economy and realization of other government programs aimed at raising standards of living in Poland.
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Local government units are responsible for the implementation of many public tasks. It’s not always have adequate financial resources to be able to provide the desired standard of service. One solution to these problems is the financing of public tasks of local government on the principles of public-private partnership. Creating relationships and cooperation requires mutual consultation and understanding on the shape of future projects. The aim of the article is to diagnose the determinants and identify barriers to implementation of projects under the formula public-private partnership. In addition, the evaluation of past experience and pointed to greater opportunity for future public-private partnership by local government units. There are examples of tasks performed and investment projects PPP in Mazowieckie, taking into account of legal, financial and organizational.
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Economic possibilities have been depended very much on income, own incomes, current and property expenses, planned and executed projects. In article a research for period 2012–2014 covered Polish cities with metropolitan status, that means cities of the biggest influence on surroundings. The aim of article is to check whether a size of a local government and its possibility to focus and expand human capital has been effected on public finance management. The research is based on results of study on financial standing of metropolitan cities in Poland prepared by Ministry of Finance.
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Unemployment in Poland, as in many countries of the European Union, has long been one of the most important social problems. These countries in terms of unemployment levels are extremely varied, as are the various Polish regions. The European Union has therefore attempt to reduce the incidence of unemployment by creating mechanisms of inhibiting the spread of this problem and the possibility of using EU funds to improve the situation on the labor market. Funds received from the EU are used to support and restructure the economies of 28 member countries of the European Union. The aim of the discussion is therefore to present a new financial perspective of the European Union in terms of the labour market and attempt to preliminary verification of EU funds for the 2014–2020 period on the western labour market. At the outset, it contains discussion of EU funds as an instrument for achieving the objectives of the European Union on the labour market. To better illustrate, it was used the financial perspective 2014–2020. The subject of the next part of the West Pomeranian labour market was confronted with a new perspective, with particular emphasis on the Regional Operational Programme for Zachodniopomorskie and the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development. Therefore it was decided to introduce the current implementation of the launch of these programs. End portion are the major conclusions from the discussion.
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Financing with the use of municipal bonds is gaining in importance, especially regarding implementation investment projects financed from European Union funds. Local government units have the choice of emissions on the market organized and unorganized market. The aim of the article is to examine the degree of marketization of municipal bonds in Poland in the years 2009–2015 by comparing the emissions markets, liquidity analysis and evaluation of the structure of investors. The results indicate a low level of marketization of municipal bonds in Poland, low illiquidity and the dominance of banks among the bondholders.
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Modern development of spatial units is characterized by a number of phenomena. In the latest theories the growing importance of endogenous resources is especially emphasized. The processes of globalization bring the increase of significance of the metropolises. In the Polish economy all levels of local government are trying to stimulate their development, among others, through the development of infrastructure. The problem is the modest financial means. So far, means from the EU funds have played an important role in this process. However, the future will require from the decision makers of spatial units to develop new attitudes towards development processes.
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