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Theoretical outlines on the learning needs and methods are presented; the influence of learning methods on improving skills of the employees is analyzed in this article. With reference to research on learning methodology of organization, the learning needs and methods used at the companies of the service sector are analyzed.
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This article analyses the development of “knowledge management” as a term and a phenomenon in the world and Lithuania. There were examined papers in the issues of scientific Lithuanian journals, and the results were compared with an analogous research that has been made in the UK, analysing journals reviewed in the scientific database ISI. The comparative analysis established the same tendencies of both researches.
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The paper presents some validation and test-retest analysis results of a new test of organizational climate assessment. Data from two different samples were used in the analysis (N=447, 1 organization; N=401, 8 organizations).
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This article investigates: the concept of manager‘s career; manager‘s career development research analysis; changing manager‘s job enviroment; scientific discussion about metamorphoses of manager‘s career development; manager‘s career development as a competitive advantage of organization.
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The article aims to analyze principals defining strategy of small and medium business (SMB) development on macro level, describing the role of the government fostering successful development of SMB sector.
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Joseph Stiglitz stressed the fact that in classical or neoclassical market mo-dels the key component is the assumption that the market is perfect. Buyer and seller have the same power and chance to get satisfactory price. The real market, though, is not perfect. On the one side there are subjects with privileges whereas on the other there are participants which are aggrieved. According to Stiglitz this unequal access to information as well as different positions of market participants are characteristic for the real market. His important contribution is the explanation of the fact why prices and wages can remain on non-steady le-vels in the long run – they are rigid. He layed out some alternative theoretical explanations of this phenomenon. He suggests to define a macroeconomic theory based on theories of imperfect competition and imperfect information.
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The article defines rural areas in Slovakia and quantifies the size of the tools of the structural policy (Community Support Framework for the Aim 1-CSF) for the development of rural areas of Slovakia. From the whole planned size CSF, approximately one half is allocated for rural development. The whole Sectoral Operational Programme (SOP) Agricul-ture and Rural Development and selective measures from another SOP is in-corporated into this amount. Instruments determined to human resources devel-opment in the rural areas in the whole scope of CSF were 2,6 % of the total CSF for the Aim 1.
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The contribution deals with the employment problem in EU countries and approaches to its solution that are based on the European Council recommenda-tions. Unemployment in EU has been a serious problem from the global point of view, but we can also see regional differences, long term unemployment and unemployment of young people. The European development model includes eco-nomic measures based on complex social policy and employment policy. The objective of employment policy is to balance labour supply and labour demand, to provide citizens with the right to work and to utilise the labour resources ef-fectively. The contribution evaluates results of implementing the Employment strategy in EU 15 as well as in Slovakia.
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We build a Slovak sectoral dynamic partial equilibrium econometric model based on EU GOLD model. It is used to analyze the development of the Slovak agricultural markets after EU accession. Simulation results for cereals, oilseeds and meats are provided in this article. Two scenarios are analyzed: non-accession baseline and accession with adoption of single area payment scheme. EU accession is expected to increase prices of most products, the biggest increase of prices will occur in animal sector. Because of higher prices consump-tion will go down. Decrease of consumption will be mitigated by income growth. Production will not increase substantially due to decoupling of direct payments. Trade balance for majority of products will improve.
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The article deals with labour force mobility within the new Europe, with an emphasis on the analysis of migration between Slovakia and Slovenia. In March 2005 there were 2,298 citizens of EU countries employed in Slovenia, and of these 1,070 were from Slovakia. The bulk of Slovak workers are employed in the construction industry. Their level of education is relatively low. The number of Slovak workers in Slovenia is increasing from month to month. The motivation for this migration is the opportunity for employment and the expectation of higher wages. For now this phenomenon of new migration has not affected the wages and employment opportunities of domestic workers.
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The author characterises the dichotomy of economic rationality and values as it was formed in economic theory from modern times until today. The pretension of the homo oeconomicus model to universality (mainly with the occurrence of neoliberalism) raised discussions within social sciences. It has been critised also in the economy as such with attempts to find a new paradigm which would su-persede the dichotomic way of thinking and respond appropriately to the calls for integration, mainly of the social and ecological dimension, which is becom-ing more and more urgent in the processes of globalisation.
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Natural resources are not homogeneous in nature, having certain features in the productive process that require grouping them into different categories by different criteria. Consequently, natural resources cannot be addressed all at once, but only distinctly, according to relevant criteria selected based on the proposed goals. Changing approaches based resources (materials) to the knowledge, from quantity to quality, from mass products to new concepts of higher added value, follows a development that is based on eco-efficiency and sustainable products and services. In this respect, integrated research will become key factors towards global processing.
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On the Internet, a medium that has already proven its effectiveness in marketing activities, changes take place with astonishing speed. The recent explosion of social networking applications and their number of users has captured the marketers’ attention. Companies have started to rethink their relationships with consumers and adapt to the new online world. In this virtual world of social networks the public is the key element. Consumers perceive the social network as a personal space where they control the content. They decide on their own what they want to see and share with others. Thus, in order to manage marketing communications effectively, marketers must know the consumers’ opinions towards their presence in social networks.
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Once with the development of the human capital theory, the education received an economic value, which is a quality variable of human resources and the main determinant of economic growth. The famed economists have shown that the remarkable economic effects of the investments in education influence the chances of acquiring a job and earnings, demonstrating how the theory justifies such an investment. Human capital approach allows also estimating the costs of education in schools and higher education, as well as the profits that comes out of it. Thus, the human capital theory is primarily focused on the demand for education. Moreover, the objective function of the state, in terms of education, contains itself two contradictory arguments: the state, theoretically, is a representative and guarantor of the collective good and its organizer; the state will seek to maximize individual education on the one hand and on the other hand will search for the optimization of the relationship between professional training and formal education. Also, in the context of recent years, the budgetary constraints are raising the problem of optimal allocation of the resources, as well as the funding of the performance of the educational services. The particularities, in terms of flexibility and cumulative distribution of the investment levels in the human factors, are translated into a practical action in the sense that global competition, from which Romania cannot decouple. In the long run, there are winning and resisting only those with academic flexible formation and the intelligent persons. Considering the above arguments, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the main characteristics of funding mechanisms for education systems, the volume of spending on education and ways of managing the resources allocated to the education. The cost allocation for education in Romania is investigated in terms of government policies, but also in terms of human capital theory. Also, to answer to the question how Romania had aligned to the modern trends in terms of allocation of the resources more and more important for human capital formation, this paper attempts to estimate the economic effort claimed by the financing of the education system.
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Placed in the international trend, Romanian accounting had experienced various changes, especially as regards of progress on disconnection between accounting and fiscality. In the present, fiscal rules should not have any role in accounting decisions, because accounting rules are applied to produce accounting information that is useful in making decisions and to provide a "true and fair view" upon financial reality of the entity. However, the barrier in the habit of accounting to thinking for fiscal point of view all economic transactions remains insurmountable, yet. Starting from this perspective on disconnection between accounting and fiscality would mean that amortization recorded in the accounting, as a result of management policy, to be different from fiscality amortization, to calculate income tax. Although formally accepted, disconnect between accounting and fiscality continues to meet many difficulties. In this sense, it is usual in practice to use the same method of amortization for accounting purposes and for fiscal purposes to prevent complications of double track amortization and prevent wandering in the rules in this field. Accounting rule is deliberately eluded in favor of the fiscal rules. This is the reason we proposed to make in this paper a comparative study between norms and rules on accounting and fiscal amortization, paper in which we intend to show the benefits of applying accounting and fiscal rules separately.
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Strategic objective of macroeconomic management, sustainable development implies the identification of an interaction space between economic, social, environmental and technological systems, in a dynamic and flexible process of functioning. Starting from fundamental macroeconomic principles, the paper synthesizes relevant aspects concerning planning, as main instrument of macroeconomic management and macroeconomic modelling, as a basis of substantiating development strategies. Likewise, the paper presents a mix of politics which operationalization could register Romania on sustainable development coordinates.
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The accountants need to make choices to recognize, evaluate and classify business transactions for assuring true and fair value of informations. In this paper, we try to classify these choises so that called accounting decisions. Also we try to view them in an informational perspective knowing the importance that accounting informations has in the process of making business decisions.
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A project consists of a number of interrelated tasks whose aim is to produce a specific result. A project risk analysis consists of analyzing schedule, cost risk, quality of the final product etc. A cost risk analysis consists of looking at the various costs associated with a project, their uncertainties and any risks or opportunities that may affect these costs. The distributions of cost are added up in a risk analysis to determine the uncertainty in the total cost of the project. A schedule risk analysis looks at the time required to complete the various tasks associated with a project, and the interrelationship between these tasks. In this paper we want to study the various risks associated with the project. We start this study with the assumption that a project’s cost and duration are linked together and also cost elements and schedule durations are correlated. The normal uncertainties in the cost items are modeled by continuous distributions like the Pert or triangular distribution. For project schedule modeling the most flexible environment is spreadsheet. We are interested in building blocks that typically make up a schedule risk analysis (also a cost risk analysis) and then show how these elements are combined to produce a realistic model. In the same time we want implement software tools for run Monte Carlo simulations on standard project planning applications.
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For sustainable competitive advantages gain, modern organizations, knowledge-based, must promote a proactive and flexible management, permanently connected to change which occur in business environment. Contextually, the paper analyses impact factors of the environment which could determine a firm to initiate a programme strategic organizational change. Likewise, the paper identifies the main organizational variables involved in a changing process and emphasizes the essential role which managers and entrepreneurs have in substantiation, elaboration and implementation of organizational change models.
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Active ageing and economic crisis create a great pressure on pension systems, from the financial sustainability and performance of the old architectures of the 3 tired system point of view. Reforms of public pension systems during the last years highlight that demographic ageing is a major influence factor on financial sustainability of the national insurance and social assistance systems, with long-term effects. Associated with “classic” demographic ageing (low birth-rate, increase of the average life expectancy) for some new member states, such Romania, labour mobility on medium- and long-term and the change of its largest part into emigration, heightens labour force ageing and diminishes participation to insurance systems (due to the low portability of pensions). To these are added also the specific effects generated by the crisis that have put pressure on decreasing social expenditures, in reverse trend against the demand generated by demographic ageing. Romania, and also several EU member countries are involved in large-scale actions of reforming pension systems both as answer to the increase in the numbers of elderly population, and implicitly of associated social expenditures, but also for stimulating the extension of active life. The increase in the standard retirement age and its correlation to life expectancy constitute priorities of changing the methodology in pension computation. The reformed policies in the field of pensions pursue as well restricting accessibility and diminishing early-age retirement schemes in parallel with stimulating the employability of individuals aged 50 and over. In this paper we present the main policy action in order to stimulate and develop a new model of old age insurance and a new pattern of incomes after retirement, and also to investigate the support measures among EU member state for active ageing and increase incomes for elder persons.
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