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Capitalism cannot exist without a certain degree of liberalism. However, according to critics, neoliberalism has gone too far and has exceeded the framework of “adequate freedom” of capitalism. Neoliberalism brings to life the classic liberal doubt about the ability of the state to manage the economy. Aversion to “great government” and state intervention has acquired different theoretical forms. Monetarism, public choice theory, rational expectations and supply economics have expressed their doubts about state intervention and its efficiency in different ways and for different reasons. Obviously, the government (state) is not perfect. However, the market is also not perfect, which is admitted by both liberals and neoliberals. Thus, there will be continued attempts by both supporters of so-called free market and supporters of state intervention to “fix” this imperfect, capitalist world.
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Globalization is in many ways considered as necessary, but brings with it a range of negative effects on some aspects of life in society. It also concerns the sphere of regional identity and regional development. The issue of regional development at the country level in the globalization process is extremely important. The aim of this work is based on the available empirical data and secondary research outline view of regional identity and regional development. The objective is based on theoretical and practical knowledge recommend further development opportunities of the region, summarize all factors, that are active in the process of regional development and branding of the region, specifically the determining of regional marketing objectives, which can only be achieved by using marketing tools.
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Development of the region, and as well the quality of life of people living within its territory, is also determined by the utilization of regional funds. The development of tourism is one of the indicators proving the good condition of the region. Tourists and visitors bring to the region additional resources that improve the business environment, competitiveness, quality of services, infrastructure and thereby help to increase the socio-economic indicators of regional development. Effective utilization of funds in marketing and promotion can easily attract new visitors to a region, who may eventually become its new permanent residents. The goal of this paper is to analyze the budgets of higher territorial units of the Slovak Republic and monitor the development of funds used for regional marketing and tourism. The paper reveals the correlation between the amount of money spent on marketing to the number of visitors in the various regions and determines the optimal number of funds that the region should spend on the marketing and tourism.
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In this paper Croatian chemical industry in international trade is analyzed by applying k-means cluster method. The work is oriented toward the role and contribution of individual product groups in total trade patterns of chemical industry. The RCA indicator, GL index, RUV indicator and the share of individual chemical products in the total export of chemical industry are used as variables. The products at the four-digit level of the SITC are used as objects. The cluster of chemical products in which Croatia has comparative advantages contributes significantly in export structure. At the same time this cluster consists of a few product types thus indicating strong export concentration of Croatian chemical industry. Regarding of the value of RUV indicator, Croatian chemical industry benefits most in the international trade with antibiotics and medicines that contain antibiotics. Beside fertilizers, these two products have the greatest share in the export structure. The great majority of the chemical products have the low level of intra-industry trade specialization.
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We run Data Envelopment Analysis to study technical efficiency of faculties in the Slovak Republic. Our dataset come from Academic Ranking and Rating Agency. Inputs for our analysis are Education, Attractiveness of study and Doctoral studies. Output variables in our study are Research and Grants. Our finding shows that there exist serious differences in effectiveness of faculties. The most serious imbalances are within Economic Sciences group, Technical Sciences group, Theological Sciences and Group of Arts. On the other hand, the most balanced situation is within the Natural Sciences group, Medical Sciences Group and Agricultural Sciences Group.
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The article discusses the course and results of the process of economic development of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the context of integration with the European Union, with a particular emphasis on conditions connected with the global financial crisis. In the study the CEE economy was characterised against the background of the world and Europe, followed by a presentation and interpretation of the changes in dynamics of economic growth. It was found that these changes were strongly correlated. The text also presents the evolution of the situation on the labour market during the crisis.The article ends with synthetic conclusions from the analyses. The research proves that the process of economic convergence occurred in all CEE countries, which was a positive effect of EU cohesion policy. This process was, however, very diverse, and the global crisis brought about far-reaching, uneven changes, including even a few cases of divergence.
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Culture provides concepts, tools and underlying normative structure that shape the way humans perceive and act in the world, including the social one. „Social self-conscioussnes” is the shared knowledge of the members of a certain community of this community: its features, identity, and the way it functions. Hence, social self-conscioussnes influences the set of the assumptions concerning the motivations and attitudes of alter in social interactions. The image of the Polish society is rooted in the shared axioma of Poles being brave nation, but poor society: unable to cooperate, divided, distrustful etc. If used by people to choose the strategy of social action, this image leads to individualistic strategies, closing them inside the permanent prisoner’s dilemma.
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The article proposes to treat literature as a template of the collectiveimagination. The basis for discussion is the Polish prose of the period 1986–2016, and the main thesis of the article says that the Polish culture reached theends of the imagination. These are the ends of our geography and democracy. Getting to the ends of the geographical imagination is the result of movingout of the current larger units, to which Poland belonged or to which it aspired (weakening of the presence in the European Union, the disappearance of Central Europe, halting efforts to follow the Scandinavian model of the state and civic culture, destruction of relations with Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine). Weakening or breaking ties with neighboring countries leads to a four-sided isolation – that is, the above mentioned ends of the geographical imagination. The condition of getting out of the impasse is to develop new narratives linking Poland with the neighboring cultures and locating our country on the European map. Getting to the ends of democracy stems from the discovery that political majority turns out to be a constructed collective entity, and violence takes on the character of a constitutive element of democratic order.
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The author offers arguments in order to justify its hypothesis claiming that in Poland one can see cultural factors which make the state and the society have no real chance to be able to get out of current level of development or underdevelopment, within short, or middle term. In otherwords, one can hardly believe in “big leap forward” relating to economicand social development what would make possible to get out of so called middle-income trap meaning many unsatisfactory economic parameters inareas of innovation, productivity, capital accumulation, structure of export, including quite low level of standard of living for significant section of society(low income, low quality of public services etc.). Due to culture factors – associated mainly with intellectual culture– obstacles to development still are in place visible in the way the public institutions work including low level of effectiveness of public administration, low level of governability when it comes to reforms designed to strengthen the capacity of the state institutions as well as the society in resolving emerging policy problems. It would require a culture change, especially in the area ofintellectual culture.
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The text presents a vision of the role of culture in Poland in view of the world system theory coupled with the references to the theory of Pierre Bourdieu in the interpretation of Iván Szelényi. In its view one could talk abouta paradoxical role of the culture for the social dynamics of Poland. At the same time Poland is viewed as a semi-peripheral country in the global division of labor and a dominant role of the intelligentsia as an elite which can be perceivedas a cultural capital elite, position of which can not be challenged by neitherthe native economic elite nor the weak elites of the Polish state.
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In principle, the City-Idea is not a universal idea that providesa model of yet another ‘ideal city.’ In order to develop, each city must come up with its idea, by which I mean a city-specific process of unlocking its development and (urban) value-creation potential. For this reason, it is not a city development model, but a normatively understood approach – a concept, not a formula. An important role in this process is played by culture. Starting the development spiral from interventions in the field of culture stimulates societal imagination, that is, a community of thinking about a good city, about the needed and possible changes, and about innovative activities that lead to that end. These activities alone concern, of course, not only the field of culture, but continued in that area, they consistently deliver creative energy.
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In the last decades, the international flow of investments considerably grew. The increased dynamically unit 2008, when the sudden decline occured. being casued by the global economic crisis. It had bearing on the structure and the proportions of the internal investment position of many countries. The present paper conducts the analyses of the changes in international investment position rating of the European Union member states. With that purpose in mind, the statistical method in linear regression by Helwing was used.
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Social influence is not identical in each country or society, since activity of biggest corporations is so diverse. A lot of factors – both on the corporation side, as individual countries regulations – influence it, as well as societies and local communities specification. The aim of this article is to characterize the influence of transnational corporations on local communities safety on the example of Amazon.com corporation. Authors compared instances of two countries, in which this company runs le. Poland and Great Britain. Due to differences in conditions of functioning on these markets (e.g. on the level of economic growth or society), comparison of these two cases can give interesting results. An additional asset is the fact that author was an Amazon employee and he made many absorbing observations about the meaning of working in this corporation for members of local communities. The presence of transnational corporations in local area has a significant impact on local communities safety, because of influence on key needs of local societies members’ in terms of safety. The main thing is employment and salary. Very often huge logistics centres or manufacturing plants become the key employer in the region.
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ures in the Bulgarian education after the Liberation - the Czech mathematician Anton Shourek. Unknown document from his personal archive is presented – curriculum in geometry for the lower classes of the secondary school, which most probably has been developed during the last two decades of the 19th century.
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Eurozone debt crisis continues for more than five years. It is important to understand the causes of the crisis, it is possible for the future development scenarios, and how it will affect individual country companies and individuals finances. Over last five years the euro area shocked two major crisis. Greek decision to leave EU (Grexit) and now UK (Brexit). Greek stayed in the EU after all, but UK looks made the last solution to leave EU. There are important to look what will happen with the EU citizens resident in the United Kingdom, and United Kingdom nationals residing in the EU. If there will be any changes for the immigration and emigration to the UK after Brexit. How the Brexit will impact the foreign direct investments, economy in all European Union after UK withdraw. This situation in Europe is likely to reduce lending and economic growth is not or it would be very slow for a number of years. That is why Europe (and other countries) politicians are ready to do everything to prevent such a scenario. After Brexit, United Kingdom, will not be able to reach for excellent deals with non-EU countries in order to reduce trading costs and that this would encourage foreign direct investment. Although the UK would no longer have to compromise with other EU countries in the negotiations. If the UK were to leave the EU but wanted to remain a member of the European Free Trade Area or the European Economic Area, it may have to accept unrestricted EU immigration.
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This article addresses the process of post-socialist state capture and its economic, political and social dimensions. It examines several alternative approaches to the conceptualization of state capture, offers a theoretical model of this phenomenon, identifying its specific characteristics and manifestations, and its economic, political and social effects. Definition of differentia specifica of the state capture is based on three specific theoretical approaches: neoinstitutional, social network and rational choice theories. Theoretical model is constructed, that interprets the state capture not as an anonymous actorless process, but as a rational pursuit of specific strategies for acquisition, concentration and preservation of political and economic power and economic benefits/rents. The implementation of these strategies involves the formation and operation of the politico-economic power networks that seek to control key public legislative, executive and judiciary institutions. These processes are not random and sporadic deviations but systemic in nature and lead to the construction of a specific form of government, that influences the economy, media and civil society.
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After addressing more immediate problems following the self-governance regained in the 1990s after system transformation, local governments in Silesia began to feel the need to map out a comprehensive development strategy. One possibility for constructing a modern development strategy is to implement the concept of sustainable development. Practical implementation of policies based on the principles of sustainable development first requires local authorities to have the “political will” to implement solutions in accordance with this concept. The research done for this article was intended to help assess the progress municipalities in Silesia have made in implementing sustainable development policies. The basic research method used for the article was analysis of the data contained in the questionnaire “The policy of sustainable development”. The questionnaire was carried out by the Department of Social and Economic Policy at the University of Economics in Katowice in 2015. The results of the survey are complemented by an analysis of previously conducted surveys. Based on the studies, it can be concluded that progress has been made, if very slowly, in implementing the principles of sustainable development in local politics. The first studies, which were done in municipalities at the beginning of Poland’s post-communism transformation, point to approx. 5% of local governments trying to implement a policy of sustainable development in their communities. The share has risen to approximately 25% of the municipalities surveyed.
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The aim of this study is to identify the main barriers municipalities face and the benefits they gain from implementing sustainable development from authorities point of view. The paper also presents the main directions and activities public authorities have implemented in technical and environmental public services. It also discusses the results of empirical research conducted in 2015 in municipalities in the voivodeships of Wielkopolska, Silesia and Podlasie. The main conclusion of the research is that effectively implementing sustainable development policy largely depends on the awareness and involvement of local authorities. The paper shows that in many municipalities, economic, social and environmental development factors aren’t balanced. Moreover, sustainable development programming and activity should improve the quality of life for inhabitants, but they often fail to leave the planning stage.
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The talk starts with a short discussion of some influential works on the mobility of labour in historical and contemporary capitalism. Drawing upon a book I recently published with Brett Neilson, Border as Method, or, the Multiplication of Labour, I then discuss the significance of the proliferation of borders in the global age from the point of view of “late” capitalism. In the last part of the talk I focus on the subjective stakes of the politics of migration, providing instances from many parts of the world (including the Asia-Pacific region).
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