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Development based on knowledge and innovation is one of the main priorities of economic policy in the European Union (EU) countries. It was included in the Europe 2020 strategy, which obliged the EU countries to take measures to strengthen their innovation capacity. The effects of these activities are monitored using indicators to assess the ability of the economy to create and implement innovation and to assess the effects of innovative activity. The article presents an assessment of the degree of achievement of the objectives included in the Europe 2020 strategy for the development based on knowledge and innovation. The analysis used innovation indicators indicating the leaders. The analysis shows the ability to create knowledge and innovation and innovation activity of enterprises and its effects.
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One of the five objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy is to increase expenditure on research and development in Europe to 3% of GDP. It is assumed that the achievement of this goal will be possible primarily through increased funding for innovation and research. This policy aims to contribute to the creation of new jobs, increase competitiveness and economic growth. One of the dimensions of such a strategic aim is the issue of human resources necessary to implement the objectives set out in the document. Analyses indicate that there is a need to increase the appropriate resources needed to achieve the planned objectives. The article presents statistics on the number of researchers and human resources in research and development in the EU countries, pointing to the challenges arising from the content of the Europe 2020 strategy.
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This article analyzes empirically the impact of job search through social networks on wages. Individual data are used from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) and the regression combining and decomposition methods to estimate the effect of social networks for Poland and 19 other countries. In the analyzed cases generally the null hypothesis cannot be rejected of no wage effect of social networks. At the same time the results indicate a positive effect on the wages of private employment agencies and employment agencies operating at universities and schools.
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The article discusses the innovation of social service entities operating in the Member States of the European Union. The characteristics, circumstances and objectives of innovative services in these units are presented. The methods of the work organizing on new solutions to improve service activities are described in this paper. The analysis was based on the study conducted by The Gallup Organization.
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The paper presents the technological changes made to the CSO from the purchase of the first Powers and Hollerith punch-cards machines in the twenties then starting in 1967 computerization and automation of works in the CSO and the Central Statistical Library, to the creation of the CSO information WWW, reporting and geo-statistical portals, development of warehousing and databases in the last years.
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This paper presents the status, structure, and dynamics of occupational diseases, as well as the occurrence of spatial inequalities and concentration of the surveyed phenomenon in Poland. The analysis was conducted by voivodships and groups of diseases, using measures of spatial concentration. The study drew attention to the organizational innovation and technical development of new products and technologies that have an impact on reducing the number of employees in hazardous conditions.
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The author discusses his work in statistics and CSO from September 1955 to the present day. He was mainly involved in the sampling surveys, the quality of statistical data, estimation methods for small areas, poverty research methods, methods of testing consumer prices and methods of statistical analysis. He also worked in the Department of Economic and Statistical Research CSO and Sciences and the Committee on Mathematical Commission of the CSO. For eight years Jan Kordos worked as an expert or consultant to FAO, the World Bank, Eurostat and the United Nations Statistics Division in Ethiopia, the PRC, Nepal, Lithuania and Latvia. In conclusion, he remembers with gratitude several statisticians who had a significant influence on his work in statistics.
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This paper presents the characteristics of Special Economic Zones (SEZ). Law acts were given which govern their operation. Effects of their operation for communities and the economy of the country were described, too. The presented data show the value of such variables as aid targeted to each SEZ, their area, the number of permits to start a business, the amount of capital expenditure and the number of created work places.
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The aim of the article is to present results of a survey of long-term unemployed people in the Sulęcin powiat. The analysis refers to the family, financial, situation of respondents, their activities of daily living, qualifications, activities aimed at professional activation and their relation to activities undertaken by employment offices. In years 2012–2014 the Local Labour Office in Sulęcin has been executor of an innovative project in collaboration with a German company. The authors of this paper took part in this project, realizing stage Analysis and diagnosis of the problem of long-term unemployment in the Sulęcin powiat.
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The author presents supplementary measures of labour market status in Poland. In 2011, Eurostat proposed to use three new measures of describing the situation on the labour market to supplement the classification of the International Labour Organisation. Definitions of these measures are discussed, and the calculations for Poland in the period 2006–2010 are presented. Isolating those on the borderline between work and unemployment, and unemployment and inactivity, allows to better understand changes in the labour market. Looking from the stocks and flows in the labour market, the most important among newly introduced groups are the economically inactive people not looking for work but ready to take it.
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In 2011, the CSO conducted a census of population and housing. For the first time full survey was carried out on the basis of administrative records and information systems operating in Poland. The scope of the full census, which covered only the items included in the administrative system, was completed in a survey based on the 20% random sample of households in the country. The article discusses the basic results of the National Census 2011 developed on the basis of the combined data set of complete and representative surveys. This information relates such demographic and social characteristics of the population and phenomena as gender, age, actual marital status, level of education, disability, source of income, economic activity and international migration. For some issues, a comparison was made with results of previous population and housing census, conducted in 2002.
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The study presents the results of surveying the opinion of career advisors about selected aspects of functioning of the lifelong education in the Wałbrzych sub-region. Ordinal scales and fuzzy numbers were applied in the measurement of the advisors' opinion. Such an approach allowed to take into account the ambiguity and the inaccuracy in the replies provided by the respondents. The analysis of the responses enabled to work out the ranking of the importance of the factors associated with the development of the lifelong education in the Wałbrzych sub-region and to make an appraisal of these factors. The study also identifies the future – according to career advisors – directions of the lifelong education in this sub-region and the scope of trainings which could improve the quality and the effectiveness of the advisory process conducted by career advisors.
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The article presents the results of research on the EU regions (NUTS 2) convergence. The subject of discussion was both sigma and beta convergence (absolute and conditional). The study was conducted among the regions together, and in the isolated regions such as classes according to the level of economic development and innovation. The analysis was performed using the standard deviation of the logarithm of the product (due to the assessment of the absolute convergence) and models for panel data (due to the convergence of both types of evaluation). This allowed not only the comprehensive analysis, but also to control the accuracy of the results.
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Objectives The search for the meaning of the term of the new cities called "Smart City". Approach the search for articles that explain the meaning of smart cities and offer an explanation of this term. A survey is useful for understanding if the population of a nation knows these new cities, and what they think of them. Results Several authors speak of smart cities and therefore different definitions of these cities can be found. to overcome this, six characteristics have been identified, which have been accepted by all. From the answers of the survey it can be observed that smart cities are known by almost all the population of Italy and Norway.
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The European High North (EHN) region faces distinct challenges in terms of socio-economic, cultural and environmental infrastructure. As a peripheral region, it is usually characterised as being geographically distant, with a sparse population, relatively poor physical and economic infrastructure, and far from major administrative hubs located mostly in its southern areas. Integrating new technology as a well-established phenomenon, particularly digital innovation, in regional development strategies has been found enormously relevant and beneficial for the citizens inhabiting this region. In effect, the EHN’s sustainability depends on the efficient management of land use and natural resources, economic and human activities, and services and facilities. The expansion of digital technology and its appearance in many areas of the everyday lives of people and communities provide better efficiencies in the context of service design and infrastructural development. Given that the EHN is relatively better progressed than similar peripheral regions and has therefore set an example of modern development in the area of digitalisation, this paper analyses the realities of the cities of Tromsø in Norway and Rovaniemi in Finland as case studies of providing potentially ‘smarter’, efficient, and modern services that combine development, sustainability, and human wellbeing.
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In the last few years participants of the banking sector in North Macedonia are facing big competition as a result of the increased innovations between these participants. The only way for banks to stay relevant with their operations is to create a sustainable competitive advantage. For an organization to hold out in a competitive environment, it needs to develop competitive strategies. One of the aspects of creating a competitive advantage in the banking sector is creating digital services. These services have a high impact on the banking sector and enable banks to have a competitive advantage in different manners. In addition to a theoretical approach to creating a competitive advantage in the banking sector, we conducted empirical research on how banks in North Macedonia create competitive advantage by offering digital services. This paper aims to describe the end-users attitude on digital banking services as well as the bank’s strategies on creating a competitive advantage by offering digital banking services.
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Elimination of the trade barriers and stimulation of business activity through trade liberalization led to the expansion in the field of the global economy. There are plentiful hesitations about who gains the highest benefit from free trade, especially when it comes to the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union. Analogously, the previous mention guides to the dilemma about the trade negotiations and their position in the same agreement in which are the labor standards. Additionally, trade liberalization has influenced the creation of a close link connection between trade, labor, and globalization. This paper focuses on the effects of globalization and trade liberalization with their connection apropos the provisions from CETA; especially with an emphasis on Chapter 23: ‘Trade and Labour’.
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The purpose of this article is to consider budgeting and budgetary control as a tool to increase a company’s performance and achieve its strategic goals. Budgetary control compares actual revenue and expenditure with projected values, identifying variations and enabling corrective action to be taken.The main approaches and methods for the implementation of the budgetary control system in enterprises are presented. Discussed are the most common reasons for the existence of budget deviations of the actual from the planned indicators observed in the practice of economic units.
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The global economic environment is becoming increasingly turbulent and risky – trade wars, trade sanctions, military conflicts, Brexit, over-indebtedness, competing cheap money policies, etc. For an EU peripheral economy and banking sector like the Bulgarian ones, this environment contains many risks and benefits. Thus, the results for the half-year for both economy and banking sector proved to be more favorable than expected before. What are the reasons and what should we expect for the entire 2019? This paper makes a descriptive analysis of the core macroeconomic indicator: the gross domestic product, and examines the contribution of its components on the supply and demand side to the economic growth during the first half of the year. Additionally the dynamics of further key macroeconomic indicators (inflation and unemployment) are briefly outlined. In a parallel line the banking sector is more deeply addressed due to it’s the crucial role in the structure of thecontemporary economy. Extrapolating the influence of the factors revealed in the retrospective analysis and taking into account the expectations of the managers (PMI) in the surveys of the National Statistical Institute the article gives outlook for the development of the economy and the banking sector by the end of the year.
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