Компонентен анализ на термините за родство в българския език

Author(s): Vladimir Perikliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The paper presents an exhaustive componential analysis of kinship terms in contemporary Bulgarian. The analysis has been accomplished by the application of a specialized software, which having been fed all kinship terms and their types, establishes all componential models, including „the simplest“ one (relying on a minimal number of distinctive features and meaning components for the definition of the terms). The results of the componential analysis are compared to those obtained for other Indo-European languages by applying the same software.

Лексикографията в европейското културно пространство

Author(s): Mariyana Vitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 24/2012

Digital Presentation of Bulgarian Language Heritage - Tools and Web-applications

Author(s): Ralitsa Dutsova / Language(s): English Issue: VI/2016

The article describes a model of integrating language techniques with leading-edge technology to develop a web-based on-line tool for heritage language preservation and e-learning. Bulgarian language resources - parallel corpora and bilingual dictionary are presented in an interactive way using a common web-interface which is accessible for students, faculty, and affiliated Heritage language communities.

Recognizing Handwritten Text in Slavic Manuscripts: a Neural-Network Approach Using Transkribus

Author(s): Achim Rabus / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

The paper discusses the automatic text recognition capabilities of neural network models specifically trained to recognize different styles of Church Slavonic handwriting within the software platform Transkribus. Computed character error rates of the models are in the range of 3 to 5 percent; real-life performance shows that specifically trained models, by and large, recognize simple (non-superscript) characters correctly most of the time. The error rate is higher with superscript letters, abbreviations, and word separation. Combined models consisting of training data from different sources are capable of transcribing different styles of Slavic handwriting with low error rates. Automatic text recognition using Transkribus and the models presented in this paper can help improve the efficiency of the process of digitizing Church Slavonic manuscripts and thus boost the number of digitized sources available in the future.

Texts of corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia as a source of linguistic and culturological information

Author(s): Ekaterina Anatolyevna Zhdanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2021

The corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia, created on the platform of the linguistic and geographical information system (LGIS) “Dialect” (URL: http://dialect.manuscripts.ru/), contains recordings of oral speech of residents of 166 localities of the Udmurt Republic in the 1970s–1990s. The texts are presented mainly in the form of scanned copies of the pages of notebooks, in which transcription of the conversations of the collectors with the informants is given. There are 9300 scanned copies of pages, all records are certified. The existing markup provides the creation of token samples and visualization of contexts at the user’s request (http://dialect.manuscripts.ru/Lexical/FindQuestPage), which allows us to analyze the features of the lexical composition, as well as some phonetic and grammatical features of the Russian dialects of Udmurtia. Dialect words from texts of the corpus can be mapped in lexical, word building and semantic maps of Russian dialects of Udmurtia. At present, the texts of the corpus are available in the public domain http://manuscripts.ru/dialect-test/notebooks. Recordings of dialect speech can serve as a source of non-linguistic information, namely about historical events and personalities, material and spiritual culture, customs and traditions of the local population, national composition and interethnic relations in Udmurtia of the 20th century. In the paper examples of texts of the corpus in Russian transcription with all lexical, phonetic and grammatical features of dialects, information about speakers, time and places of recordings are given.

A Bilingual Digital Edition of La Belle et la Bête and its Russian Translation by Kh. Demidova

Author(s): Alexei Lavrentiev,Liubov Kurysheva / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2021

This paper presents a digital edition of the manuscript of the first Russian translation of Leprince de Beaumont’s The Beauty and the Beast fairy tale (1756), aligned to its French original. The translation was made in 1758 by a twelve year-old girl, Khionia Demidova (1746-1792), and dedicated to her elder brother. Its original manuscript is conserved at the scientific library of Saratov State University (no. 456). This document is interesting from several points of view: the “naive” translation made by a young girl allows us to understand how the French literature was perceived in the 18th century Russia, what aspects of the French language and socio-cultural phenomena of the Western Europe were difficult to understand, and how the socio-cultural phenomena of the Western Europe were perceived. The peculiarities of Khionia’s spelling and punctuation provide data on her knowledge of Russian grammar and orthography. The digital edition includes a multi-layer transcription of the source document aligned with a digital fac-simile and the original French text. It is published online on the TXM-IHRIM web portal (https://txm-ihrim.huma-num.fr). The workflow of the edition Microsoft Word, Oxgarage and TXM may be reused for similar editions and text corpora.

Serbian Early Printed Books from Venice: Creating Models for Automatic Text Recognition Using Transkribus

Author(s): Vladimir Polomac / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

The paper describes the process of creating a model for the automatic recognition of Serbian Church Slavonic printed books from Venice (from Božidar and Vincenzo Vuković’s printery) by using the Transkribus software platform, based on the principles of artificial intelligence and machine learning. By using the example of Prayer Book (Euchologion) (1538–1540) from Božidar Vuković’s printery, it has been shown that a successful model for the automatic recognition of individual books (with around 5% of unrecognized characters) can also be trained on the material consisting of approximately 4000 words, and that the increased amount of training material (in our case around 38000 words) leads to the improvement of the model and reduced error rate (between 1–2% of unrecognized characters). The most notable result of the paper is manifested through the creation of a generic model for the automatic text recognition of Serbian Church Slavonic books from Božidar and Vincenzo Vuković’s printery. The initial version of the generic model (called Dionisio 1.0. by the Božidar Vuković’s Italian pseudonym – Dionisio della Vecchia) is the first resource for the automatic recognition of the Serbian medieval Cyrillic script, publicly available to all users of the Transkribus software platform (see https://readcoop.eu/model/dionisio-1-0/).

Parkosz’s Treatise from a Typographic Point of View

Author(s): Janusz S. Bień / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

The 15th century Latin manuscript containing a treatise by Parkosz was the very first proposal of Polish spelling. To account for all the phonemes of Polish some new letters were proposed, which are not available in the present day fonts. This makes difficult to quote the proposal when discussing the history of Polish spelling. The paper describes the transliteration proposed by the author which used the characters available in the Unicode standard. The ultimate solution is of course creating a specialized font and the paper mentions some aspects of this task.

Wege zur verbesserten automatischen Annotation des mittelbulgarischen Kirchenslawischen

Author(s): Fabio Maion / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2022

The last decade has brought an upswing in research on natural language processing. However, it is well known that historical language stages are largely underrepresented. Middle Bulgarian Church Slavonic, a language variety with a significant literary productivity, is a prime example. In the current paper, it is shown how annotated texts of related language varieties can be used to annotate texts written in Middle Bulgarian Church Slavonic, such as the 14th-century translation of the Dioptra. In particular, I present a way of adapting the available training data and of reducing the differences between training and test data, thereby improving the result of the automatic morphological annotation. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a comparison with the original work, written in Byzantine Greek, can further increase the results of the annotation by carefully disambiguating homonymous word forms. The presented results can benefit research on Middle Bulgarian Church Slavonic as it shows how texts in this variety can be annotated without authentic training data. The proposed method may be of use not only for Slavonic Studies, however. The method of using training data from genetically related language varieties in combination with translations may be used to annotate other underrepresented language varieties as well.

Hasła ekologiczne – od ulicznego transparentu do viralu

Author(s): Agnieszka Anna Niekrewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article presents the results of a linguistic and stylistic analysis of 500 Polish-language slogans used during street protests of the Youth Climate Strike in years 2019-2020. The primary goal of the study was to show the treatments that transform street slogans into viral content and internet memes spread on social media. The analysis determined the constructs of the sender and receiver used, types of speech acts, rhetorical figures, mechanisms of language games and intertextual references.

Korpus textov rusínskej wikipédie

Author(s): Radovan Garabík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

Asymetrické užití tzv. formálních a neformálních pozdravů a rozloučení v české a francouzské části korpusu InterCorp

Author(s): Magdaléna Lapúniková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 29/2024

The contrastive study describes the most frequent greetings and saying goodbye used in the Czech and French language, and defines and evaluates the ways in which they can be translated. In the present study, the data were gathered from the parallel corpus InterCorp. The research includes an interlinguistic questionnaire survey carried out in the Czech Republic and France. The results of this survey showing the assessment of polite phrases by native speakers of either Czech or French are confronted with the findings of the contrastive analysis to identify and characterize in detail potential translation problems between French and Czech especially in terms of the use of formal and informal greetings and saying goodbye.

Advancements in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of Mammography Datasets, Preprocessing and Classification Techniques

Author(s): Hama Soltani,Issam Bendib,Mohamed Yassine Haouam,Mohamed Amroune / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Breast cancer, a pervasive global health concern, necessitates early detection for an improved prognosis. Mammography, a pivotal screening tool, faces challenges in interpretation, motivating the integration of advanced computational models. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of breast cancer classification through mammography, focusing on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches. The discussion encompasses widely used mammography datasets, preprocessing techniques, data augmentation and diverse classification algorithms. Noteworthy datasets include LAMIS-DMDB, EMBED and INbreast. Preprocessing involves denoising and contrast enhancement, employing techniques such as Wiener filtering and histogram equalization. Data augmentation, a critical factor in handling small datasets, is explored using basic and advanced techniques, including generative adversarial networks. ML algorithms analyse entire mammograms, while DL techniques, notably convolutional neural networks, focus on localized regions of interest. Despite promising strides, challenges persist in obtaining high-quality datasets and ensuring model interpretability, as well as the strong similarities between cancer and non-cancer regions and irrelevant feature extraction. The paper concludes by outlining potential research directions to further transform breast cancer prognosis and treatment.

Improving Palimpsest Readability via Image Preprocessing: An Investigation into Adjustment Techniques

Author(s): Katia Rasheva-Yordanova,Georgi P. Dimitrov,Paulina T. Tsvetkova,Milena Bankovska,Pavel S. Petrov / Language(s): English Issue: XIV/2024

The palimpsests represent unique historical sources that hold the potential for new insights in the field of human history. These manuscripts, rewritten and reused over time, pose challenges in the research related to their readability and interpretation. The present study aims to investigate the readability of palimpsests through the use of image preprocessing techniques. The article focuses on methods for the preprocessing of palimpsests that could lead to a significant improvement in the readability of the 'hidden' text. The challenges encountered during the processing of palimpsests are explored and various techniques applicable to improving the readability of these manuscripts are analyzed. The primary goal of preprocessing in this context is to separate the 'hidden' text from the visible one, neutralizing material defects and aging. The article presents specific methods such as extracting specific color range from a palimsest image. The experimental techniques are highlighted with sample codes illustrating the application of the respective technology. The current research attempts to advance the development of methods for processing palimpsests and opens up new perspectives for extracting information from those historically valuable manuscripts.

Towards a Multimodal WordNet for Language Learning in Bulgarian

Author(s): Petya Osenova,Kiril Simov / Language(s): English Issue: XIV/2024

In this paper we present some modifications to and extensions of a Wordnet for Bulgarian designed to make it more appropriate for applications in the area of language learning. However, in order to support education, we need to ensure the appropriate selection of sets of synonyms (synsets) from BTB-Wordnet, depending on the education level of the learners, and various types of exercises based on integration of the learning topic and semantic information within Wordnet. For this purpose, our focus is mainly on the combination of the lexemes (lemmas), with their meanings and examples, and the specially designed pictures as illustrations of those meanings within the synsets. We report on our preliminary results.

The Polysemy in Georges Perec’s Crossword: Culioli’s Modelling Approach

Author(s): Yasena Chantova / Language(s): English Issue: XIV/2024

This article presents a discussion on polysemy in a crossword by Perec. We apply Culioli’s modelling approach in terms of operation of location and construction of a notion and its notional domain. Polysemy is seen as part of the intangible cultural heritage within languages.

Грамматические особенности письменной разговорной речи на примере языка блогера О. Савельевой : эмоциональность, письменная разговорная речь, интенсив, компрессия, повтор, пост в интернете

Author(s): Liudmila Hušková / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

The object of research in the work is the grammatical means of written colloquial speech using the example of blogger O. Savelyeva's book Oranges. Since the book Oranges is based on posts on O. Savelyeva's blog, we can talk about the language of the book as a special language of Internet publications. The article name is devoted to written colloquial speech. The grammatical means in a book based on Internet posts reflect the trends of modern Internet language. O. Savelyeva's goal is to create a relaxed atmosphere and establish a connection with readers. The author is characterized by emotionality, which is reflected in the syntactic structures used. The book makes extensive use of compression, repetition, narrative intensification, etc. The analysis of syntactic units is carried out in the context of the entire narration as a whole. When analyzing syntactic devices, it is important to consider the graphic design of sentences, for example, the use of capital letters to convey the emotionality of the narration. This can be attributed to specific means that allow the author to be closer to the reader. In general, the analysis of the book Oranges and the syntactic means of written colloquial speech contributes to the development of science about the peculiarities of the Internet language in the modern world.

Reporting verbs associated with evidentiality in research article abstracts in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics

Author(s): Oleksandr Kapranov / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

The article presents a quantitative corpus-based study that aims to shed light on the frequency and distribution of reporting verbs (for instance, indicate, posit, etc.) associated with evidentiality that are found in research article abstracts (RAAs) in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics, respectively. Theoretically and methodologically, the study is informed by the literature (Söderqvist, 2020; Szczygłowska, 2022), which demonstrates that reporting verbs may mark evidentiality in scientific discourse. In order to establish the frequency of the occurrence of reporting verbs associated with evidentiality, a corpus of RAAs in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics was collected and, subsequently, analysed in software program AntConc version 4.0.11 (Anthony, 2022). The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that show and suggest were the most frequent reporting verbs associated with evidentiality in the corpus of RAAs in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics alike.

A new tool for semantic network analysis: fan_xplorr

Author(s): Eva Maria Luef,Albert Maršík / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Lexical association data is a valuable resource in psycholinguistics, providing researchers with empirical insights into which words are perceived as ‘belonging together’. One of the largest such datasets for English, the University of South Florida Free Association Norms database, is available freely online. The raw data format however requires some technical steps to tap into the potential it offers for network science, which can present a barrier for some researchers. This paper introduces a userfriendly command-line tool, fan_xplorr, that addresses this issue by providing linguists with access to the data. With the proposed tool, researchers can interactively display portions of the semantic network dataset in the form of interactive network graphs. The design of the tool enables linguists to access the dataset without advanced technical skills and promotes exploration within the dataset for psycholinguistic studies.

Zu kreativen Ausdrucksformen im deutschsprachigen öffentlichen Raum

Author(s): Anna Dargiewicz / Language(s): German Issue: 33/2024

„Linguistic Landscape research is a relatively young sociolinguistic subdiscipline“, stellte 2007 Peter Backhaus fest. Das auch LL, Sprachlandschaft oder sprachliche Landschaft genannte Forschungsgebiet Linguistic Landscape beschäftigt sich mit der visuell gestalteten Sprache im öffentlichen Raum. Der Beitrag stellt sich zum Ziel, anhand des gesammelten Korpus zu beweisen, dass die Stadt nicht nur ein Ort der mündlichen Kommunikation ist, sondern auch ein Ort, wo man mittels geschriebenen Wortes kommuniziert. Darüber hinaus veranschaulicht das mithilfe der Linguistic Landscape- Recherche gewonnene Korpus, dass die im öffentlichen Raum präsenten Texte eine Bestätigung der Kreativität der Benutzer der deutschen Sprache sind. Diese Kreativität spiegelt sich in der Bildung von sprachlichen Formen wider, die in dem Beitrag ausführlich analysiert wurden. Diese Formen fallen durch ihre Eigenartigkeit auf, überraschen oder geben zu denken, wodurch sie das Interesse der Betrachter wecken. Es sind sprachliche Neubildungen, die aufgrund bekannter Regeln der deutschen Wortbildung entstehen. Es sind zugleich Beweise dafür, dass in der Gesellschaft Bedarf besteht, auf besondere, immer auffälligere Art und Weise zu kommunizieren, wobei Worte/Wortbildungsmorpheme auf bisher ungewohnte Art und Weise miteinander kombiniert werden. Dadurch weckt die mitzuteilende Information zweifelsfrei eine verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit der Rezipienten.“Linguistic landscape research is a relatively young sociolinguistic subdiscipline”, stated Peter Backhaus in 2007. The research field of Linguistic Landscape, also referred to as LL, deals with the language visible in public space. The aim of the article is to prove this on the basis of the collected corpus that the city is not only a place of oral communication, but also a space where people communicate by means of the written word. Moreover, the texts present in public space are a confirmation of the creativity of the users of the German language, which is illustrated by the corpus obtained with the help of the Linguistic Landscape research. This creativity is reflected in the formation of linguistic forms, which are formed using the familiar rules of German word formation. These word formations are striking, surprising or thought-provoking due to their peculiarity, thus arousing the interest of the readers/viewers. They are linguistic neologisms and at the same time they prove that there is a need in society for increasingly striking communication patterns, whereby words/word-forming morphemes are combined in unusual, hitherto unexplored ways. As a result, the information communicated undoubtedly attracts more attention from the recipients.