CONSONANT CLUSTER COMBINATIONS IN HADOTI

Author(s): Amitabh Vikram Dwivedi / Language(s): English Issue: 1+2/2015

This paper describes the possible consonant clusters and sequences in Hadoti language. Previous studies in descriptive linguistics have proved that all the consonantal phonemes of a language cannot fall into the cluster and sequence system. The physiological limitations poised by the vocal organ allow only few combinations which can be pronounced with ease. As a result, only limited number of consonants come together to constitute a sequence or a cluster. Hadoti, an Indo-Aryan language, is no exception in this context as only a handful of consonants are employed to form sequences/clusters. This language is spoken in Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar, and Baran districts of the Rajasthan state in the republic of India, and the data for this paper were collected from Jhalawar and Kota district. The present paper, limited as it is in breadth of scope and depth of detail, will be, I hope, a step in the direction of studying a lesser known language of West India.

Nazwy ogrodów działkowych w przestrzeni kulturowej miast górnośląskich

Author(s): Stanisława Sochacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 79/2016

The aim of the paper is to systematize and interpret the Upper Silesian names of allotment gardens form the linguist-onomast perspective. The naming is diverse - it creates a system that bases on semantic and structural models (schemes), which are similar to other municipal names (e.g. streets, squares), for instance ROD Odra [family allotment garden at Oder], ROD Nad Kłodnicą [family allotment garden above Kłodnica], ROD im. Jana Kazimierza [John Casimir’s family allotment garden]. The uniqueness of the names of allotment gardens consists of a combination of several functions, i.a. consumptive, recreational and cultural. It has a signifcant impact on their specifc nomination. The selection of the names is determined by i.a. motivation, which is: 1. Environmental and geographical 2. manifestation of the feelings towards the gifs of nature, 3. respect for the history and national tradition, 4. promotion of patronage work establishments and their products (the name of the company transferred to the name of the garden, i.e. Lotos, Metalchem, Frotex, Anilana). These names are not artificial, detached from the cultural context, they have a symbolic significance. Furthermore, they conceal important values for the residents. In the view of an increasing urbanization and civilizational changes, the communities increasingly aspired to detach from turmoil and narrowness of a city. In the symbolic aspect, they express nostalgia for the countryside, for nature, which are emphasized in their names, i.e. Goździk, Irys, Tulipan, Maciejka, Szarotka [Carnation, Iris, Tulip, Matthiola, Leontopodium]

Textuality in Academic Course Descriptions on the Romanian University Websites

Author(s): Ioana-Carmen Pastinaru / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2017

This paper aims at illustrating how the writing and communication of course descriptions–texts belonging to the institutional academic language–are controlled, in turn, by the seven standards of textuality. The research carried out on this account intends to revise the definitions of text within the theoretical framework of text linguistics, offer detailed analysis of the textual features of course descriptions which investigate the extent to which they fulfil their intended function, and raise awareness of the functional value of these academic texts so that their providers in Romanian universities take into consideration the key factors of text receiver and text purpose in the writing process. For the explanation of these theoretical concepts text samples extracted from course descriptions available on Romanian university websites have been used. The findings of the research show that course descriptions may achieve their communicative function provided that all the textual standards are met.

Specifika etymologické analýzy staroslověnské slovní zásoby (na materiálu Etymologického slovníku jazyka staroslověnského)

Author(s): Ilona Janyšková,Helena Karlíková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-3/2018

Material of the Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language) The contribution deals with the specifics of the Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language, which has been created by the etymological department of the Czech Language Institute of the CAS in Brno. On the one hand, the analyzed Old Church Slavonic vocabulary represents a relatively closed set of lexical units, but on the other, a number of items are not sufficiently documented and require the reconstruction of their forms and meanings; great emphasis is therefore laid on the context. Attention is also paid to lexical borrowings and calques, to words attested only in Old Church Slavonic or Church Slavonic, and to the significance the Old Church Slavonic vocabulary has for our understanding of the life of our ancestors.

Отражение свойств и качеств человека во фразеологической картине мира (в русско-чешском сопоставительном плане)

Author(s): Ludmila Stepanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-3/2018

The paper focuses on descriptions of a human being in the Russian and Czech idiomatic image of the world. The author explains beginnings and sources of modern studies in the field of image of the world in Russia and then gives the definitions of its main terms. Peculiarities of the idiomatic image of the world are analyzed. The author differentiates the scientific and unscientific image of the world and also demonstrates the role of idioms in language image of the world and detects similar and special idioms in Russian and Czech images of the world. A detail analysis of the idioms with meaning hansome and ugly person is given. This segment of the image of the world of the Russians and Czechs is similar. A handsome person is compared to flowers, fruits, paintings, mythical creatures and delicious dishes, while the ugly one is compared to animals, mythical creatures and night, in Russian phraseology also to death, sin and war. These idioms refer to national-specific idioms. The idiomatic picture of the world is not fixed. Its analysis shows that it is gradually changing as a result of modifications in the surrounding reality.

Subsystém českých grafémů a principy českého pravopisu

Author(s): Oldrich Ulicny / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-3/2018

Following the work of Josef Vachek, the author presents his concept of the subsystem of Czech graphemes. In the presented concept, more than one third of the Czech graphemes can be considered ligatures, which makes the main difference to the existing concepts and characteristics of the basic principles of the Czech orthography. Whereas J. N. Baudouin de Courtenay prefers the morphemic principle, Vachek considers the phonological principle to be fundamental, however, in many cases in accordance with the morphemic principle. Against this, the author advocates the importance of the suggested ligature principle as complementing and restricting both mentioned principles.

Cases of Racism against the Majority: Examples from the Bulgarian and the British Press

Author(s): Desislava Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

The paper explores the linguistic means of promoting the discourse of racism against the majority in Bulgarian and British nationalistic newspapers in a comparative perspective. The object of analysis is mostly nationalistic publications from Bulgaria and the UK with references to the national press when applicable.

Renaming in modern Ukrainina urbanonymy (based on the street names of the city of Kyiv)

Author(s): Liudmyla Kravchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The article looks into 177 names of streets, alleys and squares in the city of Kyiv, renamed between 2015 and 2017 as a result of the process of decommunisation. It presents lexical and semantic characteristics of urbanonyms and reveals the key principles and naming motives in the renamed objects. A significant number of changed urbanonyms are based on anthroponyms (114 names of streets, 64%). The lexical base of other urbanonyms is comprised of common lexis (24 names, 14%), and toponyms, particularly oikonyms, hydronyms, microtoponyms (29 names, 16%), and other onyms (10 names, 6%). As for the motivation, some renamed objects received their original historical names (14%), a part of them (12%) received new names, with the geographical and spatial location of the street being taken into account. Some street names refer to the activities of their inhabitants (8%), and some of them reflect the world-view and aesthetic preferences of their inhabitants (3 %). The largest number of urbanonyms is dedicated to prominent figures of Ukrainian culture, science, art, national heroes, or representatives of other nationalities who are related to the development of the statehood of Ukraine and its capital (63%).

Cпецифіка сільського іменника півдня волинської області другої половини хіх століття: вплив церковного календаря на називання дитини як визначальний мотив номінації

Author(s): Larisa Sadova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

This paper provides an analysis of peasants’ names in the rural areas of Brany and Rzhyshiv as they were recorded in the church documents of the 19th century. In the 19th century Volyn, the church calendar played an important role in name-giving which followed the principle of choosing the name according to the date of birth. The basis of the names in this period is made up by names of Greek, Latin and Hebrew origin, and a small number of names of Slavic origin. These names reflect regional specifics caused by historical, religious, and cultural features of the region, and demonstrate the anthroponymic preferences of that period. The analysis focused on the composition of male and female names, the degree of influence of extra-language factors, the tendencies in name formation, and also the frequency of individual names, and it also provides a list of names used actively in the area of this particular period.

Obalna toponimija Lovranštine

Author(s): Igor Eterović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2018

In this article the results of the research of the coastal toponymy of Lovran region are being presented, which has so far received extremely modest attention in scientific literature.The basic aim is to complete the list of coastal toponyms along the entire coastal line of Lovran region, i.e. all three cadastral districts that descend from the Učka slopes to the sea (districts Oprić, Lovran, and Tuliševica). The toponyms have been collected from local informants who were (and still are) connected to the sea and coastal line of this area with their life and work. Particular attention has been paid to the motivation of some toponyms that have a foothold in some of the customs, events or happenings still alive today in the discourse of the local population, primarily fishermen and other people connected to the sea.

Prilog istraživanju toponimije Lovranšćine: mikrotoponimija Lovranske Drage i Visoča

Author(s): Igor Eterović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

The toponymy of the villages Lovranska Draga and Visoče territories is examined in this article. The basic corpus of toponyms is gained from The List of Cadastral Parcels of Cadastral District Tuliševica (Popis katastarskih čestica za katastarsku općinu Tuliševica), but the benefits of several computer databases were also used as a corrective step for gaining maximum precision in the determination of the toponyms location. Corpus was supplemented by interviews with informants and by the excerpts from literature and archival sources. All toponyms were listed in the alphabetical order and analyzed as separate entries. Toponyms were analyzed at several levels: 1) geographical: every toponym was pinpointed and within description the geographical placement and dependency on the soil type is primarily taken; 2) historical: an overview of toponyms occurence in the primary archival sources (last wills) was given; 3) linguistic: a brief explanation for some toponyms was offered, especially for those originating from the local idiom, and all of them were also accentuated. This article aims to give a new contribution to the extremely poor toponomastic research of the Lovran region.

Psaní velkých písmen u toponym v češtině: polemický pohled

Author(s): Pavel Štěpán / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2020

The article points out the most striking problems of the Czech codification of capitalisationin toponyms in which disagreement with onomastic theory is displayed.The first part of the paper focuses on capitalisation in prepositional toponyms, mostlystreet names. According to the new codification, valid since 1993, in prepositionaltoponyms the word following the preposition should be always written with a capitalletter. This rule has not been respected by some local authorities (including the Praguemunicipal authority) or by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre.The second part, forming the core of the paper, argues against the theory of the so-calledgeneric and proper-name component of a naming unit which is used for explainingthe principles of codification of proper names’ capitalisation. According to the author,this theory is in contradiction with onomastic principles. The last (and shortest) partdeals with capitalisation in toponyms containing two subsequent adjectives. The characterof the paper is polemical; it points at the inconsistency of the current codificationof proper names’ capitalisation in Czech, as well as recent treatises on this topic.The aim of the paper is not to provoke an instant and impetuous codification change,but to stimulate a discussion on this topic.

Kateřina Fantová: Plzeňský uličník. Jaroslava Knapíková ‒ Zdeněk Kravar (eds.): Opavský uličník

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2020

ANALYSE DE LA MODALITÉ DANS QUELQUES TEXTES TOURISTIQUES AUX ÎLES CANARIES

Author(s): Alvarez-Gil Francisco J.,Muriel Payet Karine Marie,Ángeles Sanchez Hernandez / Language(s): French Issue: 19/2020

In the present study, we analyse the use of modal verbs in a corpus of texts within the field of tourism in French published by el Cabildo de Gran Canaria. Our principal aim is to make a search in order to find out the occurrences of modal verbs devoir and pouvoir in the texts analysed to identify the meaning and the linguistic functions these occurrences fulfil in these specific linguistic contexts. The results obtained indicate a clearly specific linguistic function of the verbs used, which is evidently justified by the nature and objectives of the texts, these being to inform and to convince.

ANALYSE DES PROCÉDÉS DISCURSIFS ET LINGUISTIQUES UTILISÉS DANS LES TEXTES JURIDIQUES ALGÉRIENS RÉDIGÉS EN FRANÇAIS : CAS DU CODE DE LA FAMILLE

Author(s): Mahmoud Bennacer / Language(s): French Issue: 19/2020

This article intends to examine the discursive and linguistic proceduresused in Algerian legal texts written in French, in this case the family code. The objectiveexpected by this publication is to give an account of the discursive and linguistic strategies ofthe legislative genre adapted according to the socio-cultural and religious conditions specificto Algerian society. It will be a question of showing that this discursive genre obeys functionalstrategies which are precisely profiled in its discursive aspects and the lexical and syntacticconstructions mobilized for legal purpose in order to regulate marital relations in Algeria.Finally, the main objective of this article is to go beyond its understanding to reach itspopularization in schools, as educational content in specialty languages.

LA VARIATION LINGUISTIQUE CHEZ BALZAC: L’EXEMPLE D’ILLUSIONS PERDUES

Author(s): Mohamed Bourasse / Language(s): French Issue: 19/2020

The present work can be considered to be a work in-between linguistics andliterature. It is a sociolinguistic reflection on the literary language of Balzac to understandtheliterary and linguistic issues of this writer. Since all literature is first of all an act oflanguage, the choice of this or that language of writing reveals the narrative and literarychoices of the writer. Thus, while reading Illusions perdues of Balzac, the first thing thatstrikes the reader is the extreme diversity of the language of his characters, through the useof a very diverse range of linguistic variants such as sociolects, idiolects, regiolects ...,phenomenon that some researchers like to call “literary heteroglossia”. All types ofvariation are scattered in the novel, affecting all linguistic levels. The characters thatstaged in the story constitute a true linguistic community which is characterized by itsheterogeneity, constituting a linguistic patchwork. All this lead us to study this linguisticvariation in this novel, in sociolinguistic terms as sociolinguistic markers, to understandhow and why Balzac uses this habit. To do so, it will be satisfying in this reflection to studythree types of variation that are of a big scale and that are very recurring compared to theothers types in Illusions perdues, and we will examine briefly the motivations that drove thewriter to resort to this variation and use it in his novel.

TRANSLATING IRONY FROM ENGLISH INTO ROMANIAN. A CASE STUDY – THE FORSYTE SAGA

Author(s): Ana-Maria Ionescu / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2020

The present article starts from the already well-known relationship betweentranslation studies and pragmatics and aims to offer an analysis of the way in which several instancesof irony in John Galsworthy’s novels are translated into Romanian. The paper approaches thephenomenon of irony comprising pragmatic theories such as: irony as substitute of literal meaning,as echoic mention, as pretence or simulation of illocutionary force of speech acts.

ANALYSE TYPOLOGIQUE DES ERREURS DE PHRASAL VERBS DANS LES PRODUCTIONS ORALES D’APPRENANTS NONANGLOPHONES : UNE ÉTUDE SUR CORPUS

Author(s): Emilie Riguel / Language(s): French Issue: 19/2020

Although typical and inevitable in the English language, phrasal verbs, however,represent a real scourge to non-English-speaking learners. From a qualitative study examining theuse of phrasal verbs in non-native students’ spoken productions extracted from an interlanguagecorpus of English as a foreign language (Louvain International Database of Spoken EnglishInterlanguage, Gilquin et al. 2010), we drew up a typology of errors made by non-English-speakinglearners with regard to phrasal verbs.

POLITIQUE LINGUISTIQUE ET IDENTITE EN ALGERIE

Author(s): Hamidi Djamel / Language(s): French Issue: 19/2020

This contribution is an approach to the sociolinguistic situation of independentAlgeria in search of its identity. We address three important moments in the history of our country:the policy of Arabization after the independence, the co-officialization of tamazight as a result of along period of identity claim and the fierce competition between french and english after the popularmovement of february 22, 2019.

MODIFICATION VERSUS COMPLEMENTATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH NOUN PHRASES

Author(s): Alina Preda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Modification versus Complementation in the Structure of English Noun Phrases. Apart from its head, the core element around which all the other phrasal constituents cluster, the noun phrase may contain dependent elements effecting determination (which poses few taxonomical issues), modification or complementation (two functions notoriously difficult to demarcate). This article outlines the inconsistent ways in which reference grammars make the distinction between modification and complementation in the structure of English noun phrases, and offers a more unified approach aimed to solve the terminological quandary.