АКСІЯЛАГІЧНА-ФУНКЦЫЯНАЛЬНЫ ПАТЭНЦЫЯЛ ШЛЯХЕЦКАЙ ТЭМЫ У ПРОЗЕ ЯНА БАРШЧЭУСКАГА І ЯГО НАСТУПНІКАУ

Author(s): Wanda Barouka / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 11/2019

The development of the gentry theme contributes to the aesthetic identification of Belarusian prose. The axiological and functional potential of the gentry theme in Belarusian literature is dynamic. It is also determined by socio-cultural circumstances. J. Barszczewski laid the foundations for a romantic-realistic development of the gentry world,W. Karatkiewicz showed its ambiguity, and L. Rublewska made it poetic, created the myth of Belarusian people as a gentry nation.

ТВОРЧАСЦЬ ВАСІЛЯ БЫКАВА У ЭКЗІСТЭНЦЫЯЛЬНЫМ ВЫМЯРЭННІ

Author(s): Waleryj Maksimowicz / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 11/2019

In the article works of Belarusian national writer V. Bykov through the prism of existential discourse have been analyzed. An attempt is made to show multidimensionality of an existential-ontological discourse and multiplicity of interpretations of artistically generalized meanings of his works, as well as to reveal the philosophical and aesthetic features of his existential concept of man.

ИСТОРИЈА, НЕДОВРШЕНА ПРИЧА ("ЧЕРНОБИЉСКА МОЛИТВА" СВЕТЛАНЕ АЛЕКСИЈЕВИЧ)

Author(s): Žarko Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 70/2019

The novel "Chernobyl Prayer" by Belarussian Nobel Prize winner Svetlana Alexievich offers a specific view of history as an unfinished story, ie. history that has a stake in the present, in fact that is realized in the present. One event, which happened about thirty years ago, has remained in the past only as an event, in every other sense, the consequences of that event are still present. The people, the witnesses of history and the witnesses for history, who in the novel by this author talk about Chernobyl, which draws a mosaic of stories that show that history is not completed, but that waits for them sometime in the future. Which is also the subtitle of this novel: “The Chronicle of the Future.” Knowing the history and the truth through the testimony of an ordinary peasant is the brilliant narrative process of Svetlana Aleksievich. Dealing with testimonies means confronting history, and official history alone in touch with human history makes history unfinished. Svetlana Aleksievich’s opinion is that the truth should be presented as it is, and that the witnesses should be let to speak about it - it all belongs to a new, different type of revisionism of history, which of course, in this case, does not mean anything negative, on the contrary, in that way history rebuilds itself internally. The aim of this article is to point out the specific effect of history on the future, as well as to point out the literary and aesthetic value of this work and its author.

Nieznany rękopis Wandalina Szukiewicza jako źródło do badań gwar białoruskich

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2020

The paper presents previously unknown manuscript of Vandalin Shukevich which was found at the archive of the Ethnographic Museum in Krakow. The manuscript contains the list of the objects forming an ethnographic collection donated by Shukevich to the museum in 1913. The paper focuses on Belarusian dialectological denominations of these objects and tends to evaluate the importance of the manuscript for further dialectological studies. Also lexical comparative analysis of dialect forms aiming to identify research lacunae of the Northwest dialectological area and to determine the degree of language interferences at the Baltic-Slavic language border was made.

От романтических баллад к шляхецкой гавенде: жанровая эволюция творчества Яна Барщевского

Author(s): Helena Bilutenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 12/2020

Works written by Jan Barszczewski reflect the history of the Belarusian people, their mentality, philosophy and attitude to life. The genre and stylistic polyphony are connected with the author’s worldview (religiosity, connection with the 18th century epistemology and philosophy) as well as the influence of esthetics of romanticism and genres of parable, romantic ballad, fairy-tale, legend. Artistic features of the book “Nobleman Zawalnia, or Belarus in Fantastic Stories” are in the centre of special study. Fairy tales, or fantastic stories, fit perfectly into the framework of the well-known formula of colloquial contact inherent in legends. J. Barszczewski uses a well-known technique when a story is inferred from a well-arranged situational pretext. In this case, the introduction scheme in the form of a traditional conversation or a dialogue is a formal signal of the “legend” situation. Two- or multi-level structure of the text can be correlated with the poetics of citation in the legend, too. The versatility of the text, in which we find both informative and evaluative levels as well as numerous commentaries and overt moralization, is also associated with the legend.

Паэма Янкi Купалы «Сон на кургане» ў кантэксце еўрапейскай рамантычнай традыцыi

Author(s): Halina Tyczko / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The symbolic-allegorical poem by Yanka Kupala “The Dream on the Mound” has a syncretic character. The work presents two worlds: the real and the mystical – created on the basis of combining elements of folk mythology and culture with images and symbols of world art practice. The poem of Yanka Kupala in terms of composition complies with the principles of the drama “open form”, which uses the technique of variable points of view, fragmentary scenes without a clear causal connection. The protagonist of the work Sam is an exceptional person, the hypothetical Savior – alone (he) is trying to return the nationwide lost treasure – the independence of the country and the freedom of the people. The associative relationship of the image of a woman mother and the image of Belarus was a special feature of the early 20th century national literature. In the work of Kupala, this image is connected with the Christian motif – Bride (church)), waiting for her Bridegroom (Christ) and wedding (second coming). For Kupala, the Bride is Belarus, and the Groom is represented by liberation forces that will bring her long-awaited independence. The peculiarity of the reflection of the wedding in the works of Yanka Kupala is shown in its incompleteness and duality.

Лiтаратурны канон Максiма Багдановiча ў эстэтычнай самаiдэнтыфiкацыi нацыянальнай лiтаратуры

Author(s): Waleryj Maksimowicz / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

On the example of works of the classic of Belarusian literature Maksim Bogdanovich, the role of literary canon in aesthetic self-identification of national literature has been investigated. It is emphasized that the literary canon acts as a strategy of cultural identity, one of the effective forms, and important conditions of formation of the cultural symbolic world of meanings established by the general cultural values of humankind. It is stated that historical, cultural, artistic, ontological, existential values and meanings explicated in the poetic canon of Maksim Bogdanovich became an important part of spiritual dimension, cultural integration, coordination of social relations. A distinctive feature of the poet’s appeal to the canonical art form is represented by the role of a symbolic consolidating referential sign designed to form a “cultural consciousness”, to instill the sense of general aesthetized ethnocultural unity, to serve as a means of spiritual integration and national consolidation of society.

Лiрычныя адступленнi як элемент жыццятворчасцi ў паэме Якуба Коласа “Новая зямля”: фiласофскiя матывы

Author(s): Anatol' Trafimcyk / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

Мастацкае асэнсаванне лiтаратурнай творчасцi i функцый лiтаратуры ў паэзii Уладзiмiра Дубоўкi

Author(s): Wanda Barouka / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The artistic interpretation of literature in the poetry of U. Dubouka of the 1920s was polemical in reference to official ideological settings in the culture of that time. The poet’s attention was focused on such questions as the foundations of creativity, literature and criticism, poet and language, the boundaries of creative freedom. U. Dubouka creatively used the artistic possibilities of poetic verses and poems, he actively turned to irony. The poet considered such important functions of literature as updating the classics, acquiring the knowledge of the world and the man, revealing the spiritual possibilities of an individual and society, developing the thinking of readers, and experiment positioning. In addition, he understood literary creativity as self-identification and self-characterization of the poet.

Рэканструкцыя архетыпа як сродак спасцiжэння аўтарскага несвядомага (на прыкладзе твораў Максiма Гарэцкага вяцкага перыяду)

Author(s): Wolga Gubskaja / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The article reconstructs the archetypes of the “penitent sinner” and “trickster” in the selected works of M. Goretsky of the Vyatka period. It is emphasized that within the framework of the intra-literary space, the analysis of images with connotations of archetypes in the works of M. Goretsky reveals the psychological state of the writer, his hidden ego, which is a valuable material for understanding the literary heritage of both the Belarusian classic and fiction in general. It is proved that the writer did not model the actions of the literary characters of the work consciously, adjusting to the stereotype of behavior according to the archetype. The attention is also focused on the absence of archetypal plots. The actualization of archetypes is unconscious.

Iва Андрыч у Беларусi: культуралагiчны i тыпалагiчны аспекты рэцэпцыi

Author(s): Ganna Navumava / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The article considers the problematics of the work of the writer of Yugoslavia, Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić. His heritage is reviewed in the light of the problems of multiculturalism. Its role in characterizing of ethno-confessional problems in the world is noted. A survey of the studies of Belarusian philologists devoted to Andrić is conducted. The journalistic texts containing references to I. Andrić are analyzed. Parallels between the Bosnian borderland and the peculiarities of Belarusian history are considered. The role that the historiosophical content of the works of the Yugoslav writer can play in dealing with these issues is also taken into account.

Нiзка “Iскрынкi” Янкi Брыля як мастацкае адзiнства

Author(s): Wolga Nikifarawa / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

Yanka Bryl wrote many book series which made it possible to present an immense scale of images and ideas. The author of the article discusses a book series consisting of nine miniatures entitled “Iskorki” (1982–1994), which evolved from one collection of four lyrical notes (1989). The writer did not limit his ideas to just a few episodes of his childhood. A lyrical hero – a son of a century, a carrier of universal humanistic ideals was in the centre of the book series. Y. Bryl introduces a series forming means such as integrity of styke, genre and chronotope, lyrical plot based on memories and comparison of the past and the present, a system of leitmotifs and transparent characters.

Праблема адчужэння ў аповесцi Янкi Сiпакова “Кулак”

Author(s): Tamara Tarasawa / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The article discusses the question of alienation, the loss of personal identity that appears in critical periods of history when an individual’s social and psychological ties are disturbed. In the story “Kulak” (1989) Yanka Sipakov explores a typical fate of Belarusian people in the years of Stalin’s collectivization, when the value of human life and interests of an individual were completely ignored, when people were pulled away from their lands and from their usual living conditions. Collectivization, according to the author of the story, released the evil of human nature which is present in family, in relations of leaders to peasants, of young people to the older generation, in the deification of the world, in an approach to an individual in general. The main character’s thoughts are wise and deep. He experiences the tragic alienation of man from his own roots, reflected by the misery of envious and greedy people. The opposition between social and personal, with the social that takes over, inevitably leads to alienation. The trend, according to Y. Sipakov, is very dangerous for the 21st century, as it can provoke an anthropological crisis.

Сацыяльная тэматыка ў сучаснай лiтаратуры для дзяцей i юнацтва: сусветныя тэндэнцыi i нацыяльнальная традыцыя

Author(s): Lada Alejnik / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The article discusses artistic features of modern literature for children and youth on sensitive social topics.The general trends of world literature addressed to young readers and the differences in the domestic literary tradition are revealed. The story of a modern Belarusian writer Ales Badak “Odinokij vosmiklasnik khochet poznakomitsa” has been analyzed. The potential of the work as a factor in the socialization of the reader is determined.

Готическая эстетика в рассказе Анатолия Козлова «I тады я памёр...»

Author(s): Jelena Tarasowa / Language(s): Russian Issue: 12/2020

Gothic literature is interested in the nature of human fear and its effects on the psyche, on the mental and spiritual sphere of individual activities. Belarusian writers have always shown interest to unexplained phenomena, and it has even become stronger in the late twentieth century. The writer A. Kozlov uses plenty of folk motifs and images. Philosophical judgment is present in his books. The story “And then I died ...” is a profound meditation on death, the meaning of life, the destiny of a man and mysterious world beyond. The author has shown the depth of experience of an individual, his anthropological solitude. Gothic elements in the story become an important focus that helped the writer to actualize his vision of the world.

Iдэйна-фiласофскi змест аповесцi Алеся Адамовiча “Карнiкi” ў кантэксце антынiцшэанскай плынi еўрапейскага гуманiзму ХIХ–ХХ стагоддзяў

Author(s): Anton Papou / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The article discusses the ideological and philosophical content of the novel by Alexander Adamovich “The Punisher”. It also analyzes the process of exposing ideas of ”superhuman”of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. A. Adamovich’s approach is innovative in the use of methods of “streams of consciousness” and “black psychology”. Putting Belarusian writer creativity in the context of European humanistic literary and social trends of anti-Nietzsche trend, the author draws parallels between “The Punisher” and the works of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy.

Канцэптуальнасць узаемаадносiн чалавека i прыроды ў раманах Iвана Пташнiкава “Мсцiжы” i Вiктара Карамазава “Пушча”

Author(s): Volga Budnik / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The article analyzes and compares actual moral and philosophical problems of the relationship between man and nature in the works by I. Ptashnikov “Mstizhi” and V. Karamazov “Pushcha”. The concept of man and nature reveals moral and philosophical content of the literary works. Their images, characters, narrative strategies have been compared. The author of the article describes typological convergence and genre-style specificity of the writers, who put forward the idea of morality and responsibility of every person and society for the environment.

Инварианты художественной репрезентации истории Алесем Аркушам: контекст современной белорусской прозы

Author(s): Olʹga Lidenkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 12/2020

The questions of historical past and cultural heritage have been central in Belarusian literature over the past decades. Moreover, their importance for both authors and readers is steadily growing. At the same time, a number of recurrent motifs and images, with the help of which the authors address the urgent problems of historical memory, identity and cultural continuity have resurfaced in the fiction of contemporary Belarusian writers, who are addressing the need for a modern reinterpretation of key moments in national history. The article aims to single out “invariant” approaches to the literary representation of the national past often determined by the historical trauma of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods.

Да пытання аб мастацкiм метадзе Алеся Разанава

Author(s): Alâksandr Dakukin / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 12/2020

The article discusses the creative method of Ales Razanau. The poet’s works and journalism are analyzed. The author has drawn the conclusion that A. Razanau is closer to modernism. He is a bright innovator, an inventor of new genres, thanks to whom Belarusian literature has reached world level. A. Razanau’s texts are small, but very informative, associative and suggestive. The poet does not stand out against tradition, in which he sees the origins of his own work. Texts have many references, precedent names, etc., but they are not of hybrid-quotation nature; game elements are not used to ridicule ironically phenomena of the previous culture, but rather to deepen the content of works. The writer takes the Word with seriousness and responsibility, emphasizes the importance of art in our life.

„Jam pieśnią krzyczał swą, czyjeście wnuki...” Profetyzm w liryce Feliksa Batoryna

Author(s): Dzmitry Kliabanau / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2020

Belarusian poet Feliks Batorin is the author of many poems on philosophical and civic topics. A characteristic feature of these poems is that they draw inspiration from religious thought founded on the Judeo-Christian tradition. They contain numerous Old Testament allusions and evangelical reminiscences. Batorin’s poems are also characterized by their allegoric quality, and their parabolic, metaphorical, and creative synthesis of biblical themes and folkloristic motifs.Biblical motifs began to appear in Felix Batorin’s poetry in the 1980s, during a period of social and political transformation in Belarus. Reflecting on the reality, the poet often turns to the motif of prophetism and the figure of the prophet, which might prove conducive to trying to find answers to important questions - both universal and resulting from Belarusian historical and cultural specificity. The drama of being a prophet results from the overwhelming feeling of loneliness arising from opposing the society in order to fulfil the mission which has been entrusted to a prophet. The tragedy of the poet-prophet lies in the fact that he is aware of his weakness and helplessness in the struggle against the individual for the individual, in his attempts to reach the morose society.The destructive activities of the oppressive communist system against the culture, language and identity of Belarusians turned out to have serious consequences for the society of the post-Soviet Belarus. That is why it cannot be surprising that pessimism resounds in prophetic works of Felix Batorin. However, despite pessimism, there is still hope in his poetry – the hope to reverse the fate of the nation and homeland.