Jevrejka, žena, obrazovana i politički angažovana: dr Rahela Štraus o abortusu u Vajmarskoj republici

Author(s): Katarzyna Czerwonogóra / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2012

The article concerns reproductive rights debate in Weimar Germany and its Jewish community. It refers to the activity of Dr. Rahel Straus, a pioneering female gynecologist, Zionist woman and advocate of the recognition of women’s needs. Born in 1885, Dr. Straus was involved in promoting women’s health issues and the national Jewish agenda in the first half of the twentieth century and later was a devoted physician and peace activist in Israel. At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s she was involved in the struggle against penalization of abortion in the Weimar Republic. She wrote a guidebook for Jewish women concerning sexual education, and lectured for women participating in the Summer School organized by a middle-class Jewish women’s organization Jüdischer Frauenbund. In her article published in Jüdischer Frauenbund’s magazine she advocated women’s freedom to decide on their bodies, and a need to provide them with legal access to termination of pregnancies, framing the issue in terms of social justice and class inequality. Her argument, which was part of the historical debate concerning reproductive behavior, provides an important point of reference for contemporary critique of body politics in Israel and also other nation states.

Kulture, tradicije i radikalni humanizam

Author(s): Andrew Hodges / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2012

In this paper I review debates concerning the analytic use and ethnographic prevalence of the culture concept in social anthropology with specific focus on Anglo-American and South-East European anthropological traditions. I draw specific attention to the highly problematic use and prevalence of the culture concept amongst people with whom I spoke whilst conducting fieldwork in Belgrade and Zagreb. Th e paper begins with a discussion of problems concerning the idea of culture and how the term is used. It then moves to consider debates surrounding culture with particular emphasis on its use amongst the academic Left. Writing from an antinational, radical humanist perspective, I argue that the insistence on strong versions of cultural difference and the definition of culture as a bounded whole resonates with a mainstream Western tradition that anthropological writing on the Balkans would do well to avoid. The paper concludes with a discussion surrounding the possibility of acknowledging the importance and reclaiming the concept of traditionas an alternative for ‘culture talk’, which is rejected for its insistence on radical cultural diff erence and uncomfortable tendency to reify social wholes.

Egiptologija, rod i seksualnost: kritička perspektiva

Author(s): Uroš Matić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 16/2012

Egyptology appropriated gender and sexuality studies relatively late in comparison to archaeology. Th is paper is not as much a history of research in gender and sexuality as a critical note on deficiencies and potentials of gender and sexuality studies in Egyptology. Th e introductory part introduces gender studies in archaeology with key theoretical concepts which are in the continuation of the paper discussed in comparison to their place in Egyptological studies of gender. Criticism of androcentrism and the question of (in)visibility of women were discussed as starting points of early gender research in archaeology, surely infl uencing Egyptological research. Th e paper points to a lack of gender history of the discipline as a consequence of general Egyptological resistance to theory, necessary for every serious research, but it also points to the lack of critical reflexivity towards the history of the discipline. Th e categories of sex and gender are discussed with a special attention to their research potential in Egyptology: in destabilisation of heteronormativity in research of the past as much as in more an more present aversion towards potential binary deffi nitions of sex/gender in the past. Binary gender norms do not necessarily also mean heteronormativity, as argued in queer theory. Heteronormativity calls for a series of identity categories and practices of signification completely alien to ancient Egypt. Th e last part of the paper discusses the influence of queer theory on archaeological and Egyptological research of the past.

„Killing me softly”: izveštavanje štampanih medija o ženama žrtvama nasilja

Author(s): Jelena Višnjić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 16/2012

Considering the influence of the media in political and social life, it is necessary to regulate and improve the field of media reporting on violence against women (through investigative and responsible journalism, a deeper understanding and knowledge of the phenomenon of violence, cooperation with all actors in the community who are working to suppress and reduce violence), set standards for the protection of victims and continually build public awareness on the unacceptability and punishability of violence. Active participation, investigative and responsible media reporting in the field of domestic violence, is a major contribution to the process of sensitizing the public on this subject, which was, until recently, considered a problem of personal and family space. However, the creation of public opinion, as well as building good practices of media reporting (which are still lacking as opposed to sensationalism, stereotyping and discriminatory mechanisms) is a long process that requires the cooperation and coordinated action of all social actors (courts, police, health and non-governmental, that is, civil sector) and the decision makers who deal with the problem of violence. That is the only possible way for both the victim and the society to leave the vicious circle of violence.

„Kada se mi mrtve probudimo”: unutrašnji rascep i mogućnost zaceljenja u stvaralaštvu Adrijen Rič

Author(s): Milena Kostić,Nataša Tučev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 16/2012

In her essay “When We Dead Awaken”, Adrienne Rich argues that the patriarchal society imposes false alternatives upon a female artist, thus causing her to experience inner split. Th is does not refer only to the diff erent gender roles imposed on men and women in a family or society in general, but also to the split between two kinds of energy which ought to be essentially connected: the energy of creation and the energy of relation. Th e paper focuses on Rich’s contention that it may be possible to heal the inner split through the creative act itself, which the poet simultaneously views as an act of resistance against the patriarchy and a way of struggling for her very survival. Th e authors explore how this motif was further developed in some of the key poems in Rich’s oeuvre (“Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”, “Orion”, “Diving into the Wreck”), as well as through the insights pertaining to her essays, including her theories on lesbianism. Even though Rich’s poetic attitude underwent various transformations, it may be argued that the poet’s rebellion against the imposed gender roles and divisions was always accompanied by her need to offer visions of unity and healing.

Neki aktuelni aspekti rodnih nejednakosti u političkoj i ekonomskoj sferi odlučivanja u Evropskoj uniji i Srbiji

Author(s): Marija Kolin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 16/2012

In this paper we examine the level of women’s participation in political institutions, public policy and decision-making process as well as their access to leading business and managerial positions. Th e analysis contains comparative view focused on gender differences between the European Union and Serbia, according to the available quantitative data derived from offi cial gender sensitive statistics supplemented by qualitative findings of recent surveys. In the first part of the article the analysis emphasizes that women are still underrepresented in political system and its institutions across the EU, particularly at the highest levels of decision making. At national parliaments, one out of four members is a woman, with major differences across the EU, while in the European Parliament, three out of ten Members are women. The number of women in ministerial functions is 30%, while only 17% female judges were the EU average in 2010. The situation is the worst in business, with an average of 30% of female leaders in small size enterprises, 12% as board members in the largest companies, and only 1-3% serving as board chairpersons. Although participation of women in the parliamentary elections doubled during last two decades in Serbia (22% in the national Parliament and 20% at the local level) following the introduction of quota for the less represented gender stipulated by the Law on Election of Members of Parliament, women are still underrepresented in the leading positions in governing, decision-making in public policy and in managerial positions. Th e paper proposes a roadmap for policy-making recommendations which would improve gender equality in decision-making in political and economic positions.

„You are a Superwoman“: New Femininity in Popular Culture

Author(s): Selma Veseljević Jerković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 16/2012

The aim of this paper is to offer an analysis of the postfeminist phenomena acknowledging different readings of the term. Contradictory fields in which cultural identities are formed today are analyzed. One of the topics is the sexualisation of culture, which for many represents a confirmation of the progress of the gender politics, and for the others a means of patriarchal counter-reaction. The Western culture is marked by commodification of the relation an individual has with its body, self and identity, where the main goal is relentless pursuit of the new and wider markets, and the consequence is exploitation of female sexuality. Women’s magazines present idealized images of middle-class women, while postfeminism continuously focuses attention on women’s physical appearance and sexual attractiveness as the sources of value, whilst ridiculing such opinions. Postfeminism relies on the progressive nature of the third wave in order to research the multiplicity of meanings of the „woman”. Postfeminism is also often connected with distancing from the second wave of feminism, moreover with the attack on it, while the message of the third wave is erased by the publicly more accessible postfeminist words. Within the discourse of popular culture, postfeminism is defined as a belief that the contemporary society has entered an age in which feminism is no longer important because women have achieved equality. Postfeminist notions of women’s liberation prevail in the popular culture of Great Britain and the USA, to the point where images of strong, seemingly independent women have become consumer goods, while the postfeminist is equated with the antifeminist, which leads to distancing women from feminism.

Sestre osnivačice u sociologiji ili politička odgovornost ekofeminističkih perspektiva kao kritike muškocentričnih pristupa sociološkoj (ekološkoj)

Author(s): Lejla Mušić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2012

Founding sisters is a term used and defined by the American sociologist and heiress Jane Addams, Mary Jo Deegan, to target the demarginalization of female-centric sociological theory. Though more than 52 women are regarded as the founders of sociology, they are still insufficiently known and acknowledged in sociology, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ecofeminist movement was founded during the radical and turbulent social changes of the early 1980s. The aftermath of war, global environmental movements and minority rights movements have joined forces to create significant subversion and an imitative position towards the phallo-centric patriarchally-based theories of the ecofeminist movement. Major authors such as Val Plumwood, Karen J. Warren, Martha Kheel, Yenestra King, Françoise d’Eaubonne and Vandana Shiva have written about the ecological feminist movement, drawing attention to the need for scientific cognition of the way in which the logic of domination and oppression of women and nature is institutionalized. The logic of domination, with its objectification, imperialism, colonialism, patriarchy and Western European racism, must give way to the logic of care, as the prevailing concept for achieving successful bioregional cooperation, interpersonal relationships, pacification and peace agreements.

Răspunsul Anei: De ce merită schimbate poveştile şi denunţată violenţa domestică?

Author(s): Iulia Haşdeu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2002

Parallel between the masculin cultural principle and the feminin cultural principle and a reply to Alexandru Bălăşescu's article in this issue of AnaLize and a reflection regarding the domestic violence propagated by a certain article in the Romanian Playboy.

Umorul feminin de altadată

Author(s): Ştefania Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2002

Feminist publications (SUB OCHII FEMEII, EVA MODERNA, FEMEIA MODERNA) and women editors (Alexandrina Cantacuzino; Calypso C. Botez; Ella Negruzzi; Claudia Millian; Apriliana Medianu) in the interwar period. Excerpts form the articles.

Despre atacuri, supape şi soluţii

Author(s): Ina Curic / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2002

Essay about the sense of humor and the jokes with women.

Reproducerea dominaţiei masculine sau "Cum să-ţi baţi nevasta fără să laşi urme?"

Author(s): Alexandru Bălăşescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2002

The article is a late answer to magdalena Misleanu’s article "How to Beat Your Wife without Leaving Marks?" (“AnaLize”, August 2000) in reply to an article having the same title published in the Romanian Playboy. The shocking title of the article is intended to get the attention of a maybe ignorant to a certain part of popular culture production public in Romania.

Jokes and secretaries

Author(s): Doina Vasilescu / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2002

In this article, by drawing a comparison between two feminine jobs, I would like to criticize the first one and to do an overview of some characteristics of a secretarial job, followed by an analysis of jokes with and about secretaries, as well as to signal some negative consequences that may appear: mainly sexual harassment. And lastly… some remarks about the sense of humor in women. I would like this article to be a guide discussing the title theme under three hypostases: 1. The reasons of inventing jokes with and about women secretaries - prejudgments and mentalities about the secretarial job and the analogy with another feminine job - prostitution. 2. Presentation of a set of jokes, their analysis and interpretation. 3. A first consequence of jokes - sexual harassment - practiced by dirty jokes with sexual hints. En faisant une comparaison entre deux types de travail féminin, j'aimerais critiquer dans cet article le premier et d'entreprendre une vue d'ensemble sur certaines caractéristiques d'un travail de secrétaire, suivie par une analyse des blagues avec et sur les secrétaires, ainsi que de signaler un nombre de conséquences négatives qui peuvent apparaître, notamment le harcèlement sexuel et finalement… certaines remarques au sujet du sens de l'humour chez les femmes. J'aimerais que cet article soit un guide analysant la thématique dans le titre sous trois hypostases: 1. les raisons d'inventer des blagues avec et sur les secrétaires-femmes - les préjugés et les mentalités concernant le travail de secrétaire et l'analogie avec un autre travail féminin - la prostitution. 2. la présentation d'un ensemble de blagues, leur analyse et interprétation. 3. une première conséquence des blagues - le harcèlement sexuel - pratiqué par les sales blagues

Umorul cu şi despre bărbaţi: feminism sau/şi masculinităţi?

Author(s): Cristina Chiva / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2002

The following article started from the observation that the Romanian entertainment scene contains many groups exclusively male (“Divertis”, Florin Calinescu's group on ProTv, “Vacanta Mare”, etc.). What does this tell us about men, women and the Romanian public scene? In order to answer these questions I think the most adequate theoretical perspective is that of "masculinities". For this reason the article is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the theoretical framework of debates on "masculinities", and the second one tries to apply some of these ideas to a comparison between the Romanian satirical groups (especially “Divertis”) and a British group called “Monty Python”. The conclusion launches some ideas about the role masculinities could play in understanding humor with and about men. L'article suivant a commencé par l'observation que la scene roumaine du divertissement contient beaucoup de groupes exclusivement masculins (“Divertis”, le groupe de Florin Calinescu sur ProTv, “Vacanta Mare”, etc.). Qu'est-ce que cela nous dit sur les hommes, les femmes et la scène publique roumaine? Pour répondre à ces questions je pense que la perspective théorique la plus adéquate est celle de "masculinités". Pour cette raison l'article est divisé en deux sections. La première section traite de la structure théorique des débats sur les "masculinités", et la deuxième essaie d'en appliquer quelques-unes de ces idées à une comparaison entre les groupes satiriques roumains (surtout “Divertis”) et un groupe britannique appelé les “Monty Python”. La conclusion propose quelques idées sur le rôle que les masculinités pourraient jouer dans la compréhension de l'humour avec et sur les hommes.

Soacra, Balcanii şi americancele

Author(s): George Surugiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2002

Essay.

Femeia care râde

Author(s): Irina Nicolau / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2002

Essay about laughter, women and the Romanian people.

On the Romanian Woman in a "High Morality Journal"

Author(s): Ioana Cîrstocea / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2002

If humor is a creation connected with the psychology of the producer, influenced by historic factors, by the social context and by the collective psychology of the group it addresses, the analysis of femininity representations as staged by a greatly successful satirical magazine proves to be an interesting reading framework in order to decipher the Romanian world of transition. Article in Romanian, French and English.

"Woman - keeper of custom" and "Man - Executor of Law". Re-interpreting stereotypes of gender roles

Author(s): Ilo Shano,Aleksandra Piluri / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2-3/2002

The position of Women among the stereotype forms of behaviour and the Process of Modernisation in heterogeneous village communities

Author(s): Sonja Jovanovska / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2-3/2002

In a heterogeneous country community, where tradition still takes a special and important place, the relation between the different ethnic groups, to be more precise between the Macedonians with Orthodox and Macedonians with Muslim confession of faith, present a relevant indicator of the mutual communication and for the ethnical life in general.

Investigating the effect of the centralized planning system on developing the critical thinking in junior school students

Author(s): Rezgar Mohammadi,Ezatullah Naderi / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2013

The aim of the present research is to investigate the effect of the centralized planning system on developing the critical thinking among junior school students. This research is an applied one. The statistical population of this research includes third grade junior school students of the Kurdistan province (9372 girls and 11521 boys). The selected sample in this research, in accordance with the nature of the research population and its characteristics that was selected through the multi stage cluster and classified sampling includes 220 junior school students. The Watson and Glaser critical thinking questionnaire was used for measuring the critical thinking and for analyzing the data; the Z test and Levine test were used. Results indicated that the centralized planning system will decrease critical thinking among junior school students. The centralized planning system will reduce the inference ability, deduction ability, interpretation ability, and the evaluative ability of logical arguments while it increases the ability to identify assumptions among junior school students.