Джендърни аспекти на ислямизацията: устната традиция срещу историята

Author(s): Olga Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2008

This research is centered on some quite striking inconsistencies between the gender dimensions of the “historical” Islamization – as outlined in the authentic documents from the Ottoman rule available to us and the “folkloric” Islamization – as presented in the works of the Bulgarian folk song. The distortion of the real gender character of Islamization as the author has tried to show seems different in each of the two big groups of folkloric texts, which are being analyzed in the article. In the song texts on the topic of forced conversion to Islam, which did not succeed, both genders are treated equally and with similar respect, and suffering and heroic deeds, typical for one of the genders in real life, are projected without any problem to the other gender. According to the author, this is due to the fact that the “teaching” function (safeguarding religious faith) prevails in folklore. In its name, the traditional gender roles, typical of patriarchic ethics, are largely sacrificed. The other type of texts, dedicated to the accomplished conversions from Christianity to Islam, i.e. to shameful deeds from the perspective of Christian ethics, the patriarchic normative function of folklore comes to the foreground. Obeying the gender hierarchy, established for centuries, the folk singer is doing his best to protect the authority of the “stronger gender”. That is why he eagerly hides the male apostasies and tries to impose the tendency to betray religion mainly to the “softer gender”.

Partikularna i univerzalna ženska iskustva – rodne uloge u bošnjačkoj i Islamskoj zajednici iz Siska

Author(s): Marija Geiger,Siniša Zrinščak,Tamara Puhovski / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3-4/2009

Starting with the fact that women are, socially speaking, a heterogeneous category, this paper re-affirms multi-vocality as the approach to women’s experiences. The paper presents and analyses the results of a research project focusing on the Bosniac national minority associations (The Council of the Bosniac Minority and the Association of Bosniac Women) as well as on the Islamic Community in Sisak. The research draws from qualitative methodology, specifically, from focus groups. The starting hypothesis on the continuation of the traditional perception of gender concepts, gender roles and the way they are practiced has been confirmed. The interviewees legitimise their roles as women based on gender, culture and religion. The traditional gender roles are reflected in both the private (division of household labour, parenting) and the public sphere (minority community, labour market). Although the boundaries of the gender roles are perceived as solid and unchangeable, the tendency towards a more flexible and more egalitarian division of roles and responsibilities in the family is visible among the younger interviewees. In spite of the existence of specific experiences, it has been possible to identify more universal experiences that Bosniac/Muslim women share with the rest of the women in Croatia (unemployment, gender income gaps, mobbing...), thus not only emphasising the dialectic relationship between universal and particular women’s experiences but also paving the way for further examination of gender-ethnicity-religion relationships.

Feministička kritika u divljini - Pluralizam i Feministička Kritika

Author(s): Elaine Showalter / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14-15/2002

Recitindu-l pe Marx: muncile casnice în România reală

Author(s): Valentina Marinescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2001

"Work" as a central concept in social sciences was and it is used to define the "gender differences" in the society. Therefore it is necessary to understand the "alternative meanings" of work which were build as counterparts at the official and patriarchal signification of it. The different meaninngs of work are analysed with a direct reference to Romania, using two sets of sociological data: the quantitative ones and the qualitative approach to the social realities. The article presents the debate concerning the labour concept from a social perspective "sensitive to gender".

Reflecţii asupra raportului muncă - familie

Author(s): Ana Gherghel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2001

Observing thesimultaneous transformation into the family sphere and into the sphere of work, the article focuses on analysing the family - work report in the contemporary society, especially in canada and Romania (suggesting some comparison). Relations between demographic transformation which determine veritable family mutation in the past 30 years, economical transformation and market transformation at the same time are integrated into unitary analytical perspective using different sociological studies of the family.

Meseria de secretară - feminizare şi evoluţie

Author(s): Doina Vasilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2001

Initially, the profession of a secretary was a masculine job, but the last decades womanised it and the term "secretary" is always feminine in Romanian. The evolution continues and modifies the secretary status: the change of mentality, new technologies and new work methids - the manager assistant has new abilities (organisation and communication). These impose new quality standards in the ways of training the secretary at the working place. New roles, diversity, future connected to the telework, founding of a secretary professional association whose purpose would be to establish the identitiy of this profession.

Principiul egalităţii de şanse la nivel instituţional - Studiu de caz - Direcţia pentru Egalitatea Şanselor, Ministerul Muncii şi Protecţiei Sociale

Author(s): Florentina Bocioc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2001

This article has focused on the practical implementation of the principle of equal opportunities into a Romanian institution, the Direction for Equal Opportunities from the Ministry of labor and Social Protection. The institution was established soon after the Women's World Conference form Beijing in October 1995. The history of this institution is short but tempestuous. The main direction fost which the institution is seen are: the context of the establishment, the objectives chosen, the changes of the institution place in the ministry structure, the team and activities. One of the most important issues revealed here is the change process. Caught into the process of Ministry of labor changes, the Direction for Equal Opportunities was lost in the struggle of power.

Filosofia Intrupată

Author(s): Mihaela Miroiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2001

Essay about the university years.

Profesia de mamă - mama ca profesie?

Author(s): Monica Gramada / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2001

The economic and social situation in Romania has increased the number of unemployed and the possibilities of professional reorientation quite a few. Women represent one of the most disadvantaged categories, as they are not offered viable alternatives on the job market. Another consequence of the present day economic situation is the high rate of the abandonement of the children that cannot be raised by their mothers in their own families. This includes the diminishing, even anihilation of the maternal feelingand of the maternal instinct of carrying the responsibility of own's child. This article aims at raising some questions: if motherhood became a profession, why should we not create a "school" for the biological mothers and so reduce the huge problems, even disasters in the families?

Condiţii ale muncii feminine

Author(s): Ştefania Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2001

The woman emancipation in Romania related to the economical development and technical progress. Historical review (1879 - 1913). Articles and statistis from this period.

Timpul liber - ca "variabilă" dependentă de diferitele status-uri şi roluri sociale

Author(s): Simona Ştefănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2001

Case study of the specific situation of leisure in the case of a woman which has a lot of social statuses and fullfils a lot of social roles. From all these, the author finds that the most important are: the mother status and role, the wife status and role, and the status and role of the woman with academic carreer. The structure of her time, especially of her leisure time has greatly changed in the last three years, when she gave birth to a little son.

Kategória rodu vo feministickom diskurze

Author(s): Mariana Szapuová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/1998

The main topic of the paper is the role of gender as an analytical category, its epistemological and methodological role in contemporary feminist theorising.The author critically examines the significance of the sex/gender distinction for theorising the problem of difference as well as some difficulties connected with this distinction and with the concept of gender.Her point is that the criticism and scepticism, recently emerged about the use of gender as a tool of analysis should not force feminist theorists to abandon this category totally, and that its fruitfulness should be valuated specificly according to the theoretical context and practical aims of feminist researches.

Poznávajú ženy inak? O genéze, povahe a cieľoch feministických epistemológií

Author(s): Etela Farkašová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/1998

This article describes the feminist epistemologies as very interesting projects in epistemology and it takes issues with their historical types in the last decades: with feminist empiricism, standpoint theory and postmodern feminist epistemologies. It will be shown how the quite new questions and problems are posed and how the old questions and problems are reframed/redefined by this epistemology (How does the gender or the social position of the subject affect the production of knowledge? Who is/can be the subject of knowledge? Are the perspectives of the oppressed epistemologically privileged? What is the connection between gender, knowledge and power?). The author points out that this new research programme in epistemology is internally heterogeneous and it can't be reduced to any of several existing conceptions.

Rozhovor Ľuby Lacinovej s Vandanou Shivou: Neupadám do depresie

Author(s): Ľuba Lacinová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/1998

In the interview Vandana Shiva, co-founder of Diverse Women for Diversity (DWD), Indian activist and director of Research Foundation for Research and Technology speaks about her views on science and biotechnology. A big problem of contemporary science is lack of responsibility of individual scientists for the way their inventions are used. Science is becoming more a profit-seeking tool than quest for better understanding. On the example of eugenics projects she analyses the consequences of the attitude which is using the knowledge of the biological processes for perfecting their technological control. This way, industrialized medicine is taking control of women body and of human reproductive process. Vandana Shiva explains the consequences of legalizing patents on biological processes, cultural plants and individual genes for Third World women. In fact, these people are robbed of their traditional knowledge and resources and pushed into dependence on transnational corporations holding those patents. Corporative way of agriculture endangers the biodiversity by replacing huge variety of local crops by one or two species. Consequently, local food culture based on variety of traditional foods is destroyed, too. The exploitation of the natural and human resources of the Third world is a product of globalization process with its international agreements like GATT, WTO and MAI, which take control away from state governments and give absolute freedom of acting to transnational corporations. Vandana Shiva treasures the activism of local Indian communities and of women around the world, who are interconnected in the DWD network. She stresses women model of power: you have as much power, as you empower other.

Stručnjakinje sa poluperiferije Evrope: novi evropski ploretarijat?

Author(s): Marina Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/2005

Žene od Platona do Derride

Author(s): Evelyne Pisier,Françoise Colin,Eleni Varikas / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 02/2005

Redatelji i dramaturzi, kaskaderke i statistkinje

Author(s): Venita Popović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 02/2005

Gender – za, a nawet przeciw

Author(s): Małgorzata Bilska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 655/2014

Od ponad dekady zajmuję się tematyką feministyczną, w teorii i praktyce. Podział na płeć biologiczną (ang. sex) i płeć kulturową (ang. gender) wydaje mi się oczywisty. Nie dlatego, że jestem feministką, bo nigdy się za nią nie uważałam. Po prostu dla socjologa (jak również dla antropologa kultury czy etnologa) tożsamość jednostki jest wypadkową „samostanowienia” (utożsamienia się) i „zewnętrznej identyfi kacji” (bycia utożsamiananym), jak to ujął Edwin Ardener. Wraz z rozwojem historycznym człowiek osiąga coraz większą podmiotowość. Element samostanowienia nabiera znaczenia. Stan (ród, kasta), miejsce urodzenia, narodowość, religia nie determinują go tak, jak to było kiedyś. Tożsamość płciowa też podlega ewolucji. Kobiety pełnią dziś wiele, wybranych przez siebie, ról społecznych. Zakładają rodziny lub nie, rodzą dzieci lub nie, pracują albo nie.

Bez-wstyd Jezusa - Płeć Chrystusa a nasze zbawienie

Author(s): Andrzej Draguła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 655/2014

Podejmowanie tematu seksualności Chrystusa w momencie, gdy w Polsce toczy się — bardziej emocjonalna niż merytoryczna — debata o gender może być odbierane jak dolewanie oliwy do ognia. Przypomnijmy, że gender — mówiąc w dużym skrócie — zajmuje się związkiem, jaki zachodzi między płcią a tożsamością. Rzadko mówi się o Jezusie jako o mężczyźnie z krwi i kości, o człowieku płci męskiej, o tym, jak męskość ujawnia się w Jego codziennym doświadczeniu. Jeszcze rzadziej mówi się o tym, że skoro był prawdziwym człowiekiem ze wszystkimi tego konsekwencjami, miał także zewnętrzne cechy płci, był istotą seksualną. Stąd już niedaleko do pytania, czy Jezus zbawił nas w swojej męskości czy — być może — zupełnie pomimo tego, że był mężczyzną. Czy w ogóle można mówić o znaczeniu płci Jezusa dla naszego zbawienia?

Razem na rzecz małżeństwa i rodziny? Rewolucja kulturowa z gender w tle

Author(s): Marek Rymsza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 655/2014

W 1983 roku Peter Berger wraz ze swą żoną Brigitte opublikowali książkę The war over the family: capturing the middle ground, której tytuł możemy przetłumaczyć jako Wojna o rodzinę. W poszukiwaniu strategii środka1. W pierwszej części swych rozważań Bergerowie opisali ideologiczne podłoże sporów o rodzinę w zachodnich społeczeństwach dobrobytu. W drugiej części przeanalizowali wpływ współczesnych procesów modernizacyjnych na rodzinę mieszczańską — taką, jaka ukształtowała się w naszym kręgu cywilizacyjnym w okresie wiktoriańskim. W trzeciej zaś podjęli się racjonalnej obrony tejże rodziny.