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Sižets ATU 777: par ebreju stereotipu latviešu folklorā

Author(s): Svetlana Pogodina / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 38/2018

The article is dedicated to the problem of a Jewish stereotype (ethnocultural pre judices and perception of the Jews), spread among the non-Jewish inhabitants in Latvia nowadays – Latvians, Russians, Latgalians, Belarusians, etc. The Non-Jews constructed an image of the Jew in order to explain their “different” behaviour, language, festivities, food practices, their “other” culture and tradition. To show how the Jewish stereotype is being constructed and preserved in the local traditional culture, the folklore narratives have been examined. The article is focused on the universal subject ATU 777 named The Wandering Jew (ceaselessly wandering and unable to die as a punishment for blasphemy). The Latvian variations of this subject recorded in Latvian and Latgalian in 1920s-1930s are kept today at the Archives of Latvian Folklore (ALF). The image of the Wandering Jew manifests its folklore-related nature, as well as a strong connection to the Christian culture and religion.

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The Island Nation and Euroscepticism: Revisiting Europe’s Heritage in Brexit Poetry

Author(s): Mandy Beck / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2022

The idea of “Britain and Europe” that David Cameron emphasised in his speech on 23 January 2013 is a curious one – it evokes a shared history full of intricate twists, which spans over several centuries, and at the same time, preserves the apparent incompatibility of the island nation and the continent. Cameron even proposed an “in-out referendum” to determine the future of the British people, and its realisation in 2016 made Brexit an unexpected reality and signifies a crucial setback in the history of the European project. Brexit is furthermore an expression of “a perceived cultural distinction between Britain and Europe” (Spiering 2015) that seems to persist in British discourse specifically. The paper thus uses Menno Spiering’s concept of “British Euroscepticism” (2004), a unique form of Euroscepticism in terms of history, politics and culture, to discuss the cultural aspects of British differentness as entailing not only an opposition to Europe but also a potential to reflect on shared values and experiences. Based on this, the paper will trace the presentation of Europe in contemporary literature that emerged as a reaction to Brexit, especially poetry by Simon Armitage, Sean O’Brien and David Clarke, to ascertain the British perspective on the continent as either the paradigmatic Other or a constituent part for defining British identity.

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Cultural Relativism and "Our Way of Life"

Author(s): Robert Lance Snyder / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2022

Like Meursault in The Stranger (1942) by Albert Camus, the 34-year-old protagonist of Patricia Highsmith’s The Tremor of Forgery (1969) is almost certain of having killed an Arab in self-defence but feels no remorse for the deed except as it is judged by other Americans within his orbit of Western influence. While visiting Tunisia on what is apparently his first trip overseas, novelist Howard Ingham wrestles with the alterity of an Arab culture during the Six-Day War in the Middle East while at the same time criticizing the parochialism of a countryman who broadcasts propaganda about “Our Way of Life.” Ingham soon embraces, albeit equivocally, a perspective of cultural relativism, but his doing so is largely the dodge of a doubly dispossessed stranger in a strange land. Tremor thus figures as one of Highsmith’s “texts of exile,” as Fiona Peters has called it, that ends with Ingham’s anticlimactic return home to renew a relationship with his former wife.

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Poezia feminină - direcții și tendințe

Author(s): Cristina Timar,Medeea Iancu,Iulia Militaru,Teodora Coman,Rita Chirian,Moni Stănilă,Tamás Mihók,Iulia STOICHIŢ,Gabriela Feceoru,Romana Pantea,Hristina Doroftei,Diana Geacăr,Ioana Vintilă,Paula Erizanu,Andra Rotaru,Ioana Nicolaie,Floarea Țuțuianu,Crista Bilciu,Ana Dragu,Ruxandra Novac,Livia Lucan-Arjoca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 9/2022

This section contains them main thematic file of the issue, with critical texts belonging to young critics and original poetry written by contemporary Romanian poetesses.

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19. gadsimta literāro procesu kontinuitāte populārās kultūras perspektīvā

Author(s): Pauls Daija,Benedikts Kalnačs / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 37/2018

The aim of this article is to provide a reading of 19th century Latvian literature from the perspective of popular culture. This branch of literature has traditionally remained understudied due to the low creative quality and the prevalence of translations. In earlier investigations the attention has mostly been drawn to historical importance, as opposed to aesthetic features. Similarly, literature usually defined as “elitist” and canonized as classical, has rarely been examined in the context of popular literature. On most occasions it has been dealt with in isolation from other literary trends. Although “elitist literature” cannot be regarded an accurate definition, its application is productive due to the fact that the connection between Latvian literature and national awakening with its concept of Lat vians as a nation of culture is emphasized. This article intends to provide a framework that might be applied to the analysis of the aesthetics of “low” literature, and highlights how this approach can be useful for the understanding of interconnections between popular culture and literature included in the canon of literary history. The introduction of the article examines the significance of popular culture in mid-19th century; the rest is dedicated to the appropriation and re-creation of literary characters borrowed from the mid-19th century popular literature and transferred to 19th and 20th century texts. The authors also discuss the disintegration of borders between the elitist and popular culture as a significant impulse for artistic innovations. These tendencies have been contextualized following two different versions of the story of Genoveva, the 1846 novel Countess Genoveva (Grāfa lielmāte Genoveva) by Ansis Leitāns and the unfinished drama Genoveva by Rūdolfs Blaumanis written in 1908.

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LE « DON DU COEUR » ET SES MÉTAMORPHOSES. DU PARADIGME COURTOIS À L’ICONOGRAPHIE MÉDIÉVALE

Author(s): Luminiţa Diaconu / Language(s): French Issue: 32/2022

Story in verses of Picardy origin, preserved in two manuscripts from the 14th century, Le Roman du Castelain de Couci et de la Dame de Fayel is part of a larger corpus of texts centered around an adulterous relationship that a jealous husband cruelly chastises by a cardiophage meal. However, if the Franco-Provençal corpus consists of several brief narratives dating from the 13th century, prior to the novel (The Lai of Ignaure, the vidas and the razós of the troubadour Guillem de Cabestany), only the novel, which also proposes the courteous version of this story, presents the love tokens exchange between the lovers. Our analysis will focus initially on these gifts and their symbolical functions: the letters exchanged by the lovers, literary objects valued in courteous literature in the 12th-13th centuries, as well as a sleeve and braids that the lady offers to the knight before his departure in106crusade; finally, a coffer sent by the latter to his lady, which contains a letter and the lover’s heart, extracted just after his death by the valet. In the second part of our study, we have emphasized the influence of this literary motif on medieval sensitivities, given the success that it enjoyed in medieval iconography until the 15th century. Indeed, in the area of diffusion of this novel - namely the North and East of the Kingdom of France, Flanders, as well as the Parisian region and the Rhine Valley - the gift of the heart was represented in particular on objects such as mirrors in ivory or the caskets, objects clearly connected to the feminine universe, but also on the tapestry.

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Traduceri Din Opera Lui Lucian Blaga

Author(s): / Language(s): Turkish,English,Tamil,Romanian,French,Slovenian,Ukrainian,German,Serbian,Portuguese,Hebrew,Greek, Modern (1453-),Italian Issue: 1-2/2022

Translations From the Work of Lucian Blaga: a) Lucian Blaga, 21 Decemvrie, from the vol. „Vârsta de fier”. b) Lucian Blaga, Îndemn de poveste, from the vol. „Nebănuitele trepte”. / Translation into Greek by Ana-Maria Epure \ Translation into Slovenian by Lara Potočnik \ Translation into French by Zaharie Alin-Daniel \ Translation into French by Michel Gloire Nkolo & Livia Țușca \ Translation into French by Gherghin Maria-Adina \ Translation into French by Ivan Elena-Adelina \ Translation into Italian by Olga Tărîță, Rebeca Filimon \ Translation into Italian by Elena Boroș Stanciu, Francesca Pizzinga \ Translation into German by Oana Cicur \ Translation into Portuguese by Jamilta Mendes David & Alexandru Bobic \ Translation into English by Arazmuhammet Atayev & Mirela-Larisa Rof \ Translation into English by Trifan Alexandra \ Translation into English by Laura Ardeleanu \ Translation into English by Claudiu Lungu \ Translation into English by Diaconu Denis-Alin-Florin \ Translation into English by Chirițoiu Ionela Gabriela \ Translation into English by Elena-Andreea Bărbulescu \ Translation into Tamil by Laura Ardeleanu \ Translation into Hebrew by Efi Magaziner & Ionela-Claudia Popescu \ Translation into Turkish by Canan Nur Savranlar \ Translation into Turkish by Nur Efşan Akpinar \ Translation into Serbian by Aleksandar Gajić \ Translation into Ukrainian by Patrisia Preotescu \ Translation into Ukrainian by Cătălin Şcerbăniuc

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From Wastelands to Homelands: Travelling Maria Mazziotti Gillan’s ‘Open Road’ and Signifying Resistance in When the Stars Were Still Visible

Author(s): Elisabetta Marino / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2022

Maria Mazziotti Gillan is probably one of the most famous and thought-provoking contemporary artists of Italian descent. She is the author of numerous poetry books and has recently started a parallel career as a painter. By focusing on her most recent poetry collection entitled When the Stars Were Still Visible (2021), this essay sets out to explore the strategies she has articulated to heal her individual and collective wounds (as an Italian American), while resisting the annihilation of her cultural background. Throughout her life, she has been compelled to cross several emotional wastelands, eventually managing to carve her own path to multiple places (both physical and imaginary) she could call “home”.

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Phenomenon of racial difference in the reception and interpretation of a child reader

Author(s): Radoslav Rusňák,Patrícia Karnišová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

The subject of this study is the phenomenon of racial difference in the literature for children and youth and its reception by a child reader. Our goal is to describe the nature of the reception of this phenomenon and also the differences in the reception between child readers of majority and minority backgrounds. We are trying to answer this topic through empirical research based on qualitative methodology, which used projective techniques of free associations, semi-structured interviews, and creative writing. The record of executed activities indicates the interest of the child reader in the racial difference topic, empathetic behavior, identification with the literary character, rejectment of racial discrimination, and bibliotherapeutic effects. Nevertheless, we identified some negative aspects as well. It was the overall lack of knowledge of racial differences, misconceptions about different races, personal experiences with racial discrimination, and incorrect language about racial differences used by participants belonging to the majority. Our research suggests that in an effort to promote acceptance of other races and the building of cultural identity, we need to offer the child reader multicultural literature in which a character of another race does not have to be the object of racial discrimination.

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Referințe biblice în traducerile românești ale „Infernului” dantesc

Author(s): Cristian Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

We cannot understand Dante and, above all, the ”Divine Comedy” if we abstract from Christian theology and its fundamental writing, the Bible. It is known and obvious that the ”Divine Comedy” draws its roots from the Bible, which cannot be abstracted from when interpreting the poem. The influence of the Bible on Dante's poem is manifested by references to passages, directly or allusively, to well-known characters, symbols or situations, both from Old and from New Testament. This article aims at exploring some of these references from the perspective of the meaning they acquire in Dante's work and then from the perspective of their translation into Romanian. We will consider the most famous translations of ”Inferno” made in the 20th-21st centuries, in order to observe to what extent they manage to convey the meanings of the original.

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La grande histoire au prisme de la petite histoire dans les Mémoires de Voltaire

Author(s): Stanisław Fiszer / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

Voltaire composed his Memoirs of the Life of Monsieur de Voltaire: Written by Himself at approximately the same time as his novel Candide, or Optimism published in 1759. For this reason, these Memoirs occupy a central place in the philosopher’s work. Combining ironic comment on the important historic events and salacious gossip of the world, they trace very briefly 25 years of Voltaire’s life. The author of this paper tries to analyse the relationship between the memorialist’s style, strongly coloured with the grotesque, and his vision of history. Next, he juxtaposes the Memoirs with Voltaire’s historical works. Finally, he demonstrates the close affinity between their non-linear representations of history, despite differences in their style.

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Mémoire et autobiographie dans l ’œuvre de Claude Simon

Author(s): Mokhtar Belarbi / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

Memory occupies a privileged place in works of Claude Simon. Through an analysis of Les Georgiques, L ’Acacia and Le Jardin des Plantes, our goal in this article is to show that Claude Simon did not seek to write an “autofiction” or a “historical novel”, but to write a literary autobiography. His ultimate goal was not to “recover lost time”, but to inscribe “lost time” in literature. This study demonstrates that the new form of autobiography initiated by Claude Simon is entirely distinct from a traditional autobiography. It is written by means of the writer’s tireless recourse to stimuli, that is to say by questioning texts written by people who have found themselves in similar situations. It is an auto-sensorio-graphy: the writing is essentially based on a description of sensations, not facts. It is also an auto-thanato-graphy since death is the central character.

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Les collectionneurs chez Pascal Quignard – s ’accrocher obstinément au pass

Author(s): Andreea-Maria PREDA / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

The purpose of this article is to highlight – in a comparative approach – the versatility of the role of collectibles in the process of recollection among collectors in certain novels by Pascal Quignard. The analysis of the memorial discourse of collectors reveals two aspects: the different relationship to the value of the object (museum or intimate) and the power to trigger emotions. The discourse balances between an impersonal evocation, with emphasis on the material importance, the testimonial and aesthetic dimension of art objects from ancient times and a passionate and subjective description of small, banal objects, but charged with psychological meanings. The article demonstrates that excessively relating to time-/trace-objects by virtue of their documentary or commemorative value will lead to a failure of the memorisation process. Paradoxically, the collector always remains in search of the lost memory, despite the excess of material evidence he holds.

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Errance existentielle, mémoire du corps et langage primordial dans N’zid de Malika Mokeddem

Author(s): Frank Dalmas / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

This article explores a phenomenological outlook in the work of Algerian writer Malika Mokeddem. Such an approach departs from the standard scholarship on this author and proposes a wide-ranging alternative to postcolonial studies. The themes of nomadism, language of origin and corporeal expression are investigated through the lens of Merleau-Ponty’s “chair” and the pairing notions of “parole parlante” and “parole parlée.” A strong case study can be made with her novel N’zid (2001), which exploits the amnesia of the female protagonist sailing alone on the Mediterranean Sea, castaway from human interactions and without clues of her whereabouts. Inside and outside worlds meet up as she embarks on a silent journey to her innermost self and physical fantasies. Through uninhibited drawings and by reminiscing sensual flashbacks, she soothes her impaired memory and seizes back her blurred identity.

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La poétique de la (post)mémoire dans un roman (post)migratoire. Une lecture des Mots de Russie d’Isabelle Bielecki

Author(s): Przemysław Szczur / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

The article constitutes an analysis of Les Mots de Russie, an autobiographical novel by Isabelle Bielecki, a contemporary Belgian writer of Russian-Polish origin. The theoretical framework of the study is provided by two key concepts: Jean-François Perrin’s novelistic poetics of memory and Marianne Hirsch’s postmemory. The author analyses the composition of the text, based on a problematic (post) memory. Two plots coexist there: one that corresponds to the story of the return of memories and its circumstances; and the other which is made up of the content of these memories. The phenomenon of post-memory, the result of a historical trauma, modifies the novelistic poetics of memory by introducing a discontinuous structure, uncertainty about what happened, an ambiguous moral aspect of the figures of direct victims of the trauma, the story of the physical sufferings of its indirect victims, but also the possibility of overcoming the traumatic legacy through writing. (Post)memory is thus presented as a powerful creative stimulus.

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Remontée ou héritage ? Mémoire(s) de soi chez Yves Bonnefoy poète et traducteur

Author(s): Sara Bonanni,Simona Pollicino / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

This study explores different variations on the theme of “memory” in Yves Bonnefoy’s poetry and translations. In his latest works, the poet bequeaths to his readers his childhood memories entrusting them with a mission with which he invests poetry: to celebrate, against oblivion, the “memory” of the experience shared with others. Moreover, memory is both the source and the process of poetic creation, as his practise as a translator also demonstrates. If the task of the translator, according to Bonnefoy, coincides with a search, an exploration of the depths of the sea that is every language, in order to bring forth from the dark the light of a restorative word, then, by translating the verses of other poets, Bonnefoy relives the experience of poetry through a new poetic act, recalling each time the intuition and the emotion.

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Que la mémoire parle ! La rupture du pacte de silence grâce au français dans Manèges de Laura Alcoba

Author(s): Amandine Guillard / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

In this article, we will analyse the novel Manèges, written by the Franco-Argentinian author Laura Alcoba. More specifically, it is the connection with the French language, able as it is to echo the Argentinian memory, that will be the subject of this study. As she was silenced during her clandestine childhood in Buenos Aires, Laura Alcoba found an unhoped-for liberty in this language of exile, which sheemployed in order to put her experience, so far been silenced and unnamed, into words. As a medium of memory, the French language seems to be the only way to reconnect with the past whose expression in the mother tongue would probably be insuperable for the author. The distance created by French – synonymous with liberty and rebirth – from the Spanish language – synonymous with repression and silence – is the necessary condition for her memory to be finally able to speak.

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Cambodge, me voici : trauma, post-mémoire et construction d ’un espace culturel féminin dans le théâtre parlé de Jean-Baptiste Phou

Author(s): Tess Do,Darren Zhang / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

More than forty years after the end of the Khmer Rouge regime, the trauma of genocide still weighs heavily on the French-Cambodian diaspora. Confronted with the silence of the previous generation who refuses to talk about the genocidal past, Jean-Baptiste Phou uses Khmer spoken theatre to give voice to four Cambodian women and to portray their lives on stage. In this essay we propose a reading of Cambodge, me voici in the light of Marianne Hirsch’s postmemory. The intersection of the axes of the protagonists’ desire and the creation of a familial, feminine and maternal space will allow us to analyse the formation of this diasporic memory and its intra- and intergenerational transmission through two sororal and mother-daughter pairs. We postulate that the choice of casting and the staging of the two, French and Khmer, versions of the play transform the stage into a site of shared memory in which the role played by women in the reparation and transmission of Cambodian cultural heritage is revealed.

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Écrire la mémoire selon Caroline Lamarche. À propos de L ’Asturienne et de La Fin des abeilles

Author(s): Judyta Zbierska-Mościcka / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

The article proposes a reading of two books by Caroline Lamarche, L’Asturienne and La Fin des abeilles, in the context of a reflection on family memory, which is considered here to be the foundation of the sense of self. The works in question are part of the broad current of autobiographical texts which have proliferated since 1980. Lamarche’s recent books offer an example of original memorial writing anchored in the uncertainty of the present time that seeks its roots and its raison d’être in the past. The article focuses on the poetics of these texts on the one hand, and, on the other, on the way in which the work of memory is manifested here. Anne Muxel’s sociological reflection on family memory complements this analysis by providing the necessary methodological tools. The notions of transmission, reviviscence and reflexivity proposed by Muxel demonstrate the meaning of remembrance, for both individual and community.

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Mémoires d’éditeurs (XXe – XXIe siècles)

Author(s): Daniel Sangsue / Language(s): English,French Issue: 12/2022

Based on a corpus of ten works (of the following publishers: Belfond,Bordas, Buchet, Corti, Girodias, Laffont, Nadeau, Nyssen, Pauvert, Verny and Zylberstein), this paper tries to define a small poetics of publishers’ memoirs, a genre which oscillates between an autobiography, a story and a portrait, and which mixes individual and collective memory. The study focuses on different components and topoï of this kind of narratives: a Bildungsroman, themes of passion for books and a book as an object, a foundation story, a description of a publisher’s tasks (choice of manuscripts, supporting authors, running for literary awards, etc.). Presenting a pragmatic view on the production of books, publishers’ memoirs offer a gallery of renewed portraits of different writers, as well as afford an alternative and interesting glance at literature, and in particular at: historical context of its production, material and pecuniary conditions of its creation, author’ and publishers’ strategies, relationships between authors and publishers.

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