O kilku zapomnianych pomysłach literackich Karoliny z Hołowniów Swarackiej (1815–1846)

Author(s): Maria Berkan-Jabłońska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2013

This article discusses the three stories of Carolina Swaracka, the Romantic Lithuanian writer, forgotten these days. Her debut in “Atheneum” in 1843 is owed to Joseph Ignacy Kraszewski, who recognized her attempts as worthy and interesting. In novels such as The Theatre of the Small Village or The Dreams and Reality Swaracka raises the problem of the new aspirations of women and shows the various responses of the environment on their emancipationist efforts. She also draws attention to the difficulties in defining new needs and ways of social existence by the women themselves. In another novel titled Converted Woman Swaracka describes the unconventional feeling between the Jewish girl and the young nobleman. The author emphasizes not only the force of stereotypes in society but also the impact of such stereotypes on the love of the young couple. A few years later Kraszewski wrote the similar story probably inspired by Swaracka’s concept. Although the heroines created by Swaracka are not artistically perfect, they have a lot of modern features which can be surprisingly appealing for the contemporary reader.

SCENINĖS KOSTO OSTRAUSKO NUORODOS, ARBA TEATRINIŲ KONVENCIJŲ LAUŽYMAS

Author(s): Neringa Klišienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2014

Cet article concerne la problématique des didascalies et de leur rôle, qui a été jusqu’ici très peu, voire pas du tout analysée dans la critique dramaturgique lituanienne. L’analyse est fondée sur les textes dra principe de collage, l’auteur donne plus de poids aux didascalies. Les couches textuelles différentes insérées dans les didascalies, telles que des citations, des notes bibliographiques, des commentaires, dévoilent l’originalité de la stratégie que choisit K. Ostrauskas pour créer son texte dramatique, où les didascalies dépassent le cadre d’un simple « texte de service ». La présence d’auteur qu’on n’essaie pas de dissimuler (voire qu’on manifeste expressément parfois) aide à créer une relation de tension, de provocation ou même d’opposition avec le texte énoncé (le dia maturgiques de K. Ostrauskas. En rejetant le cadre d’un seul genre et d’une seule composition, en abandonnant le registre soutenu et rhétorique, en remplaçant un enchaînement cohérent d’événements par unl ogue). Les didascalies de K. Ostrauskas sont destinées aussi bien à la visualisation sur scène du texte dramatique qu’à la lecture, car elles gardent des signes de théâtralité qu’il est difficile de transférer sur scène. Elles revèlent une stratégie spécifique de création de signification qui est inséparablement liée à la polémique dialectique entre le texte et la scène. En élargissant les fonctions des didascalies, le dramaturge met en question l’idée propre au théâtre traditionnel selon laquelle les didascalies ont pour rôle essentiel de servir la mimesis théâtrale.

ГЕТЕРОТОПИИ ИСТОРИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЛИТОВСКОМ РОМАНЕ

Author(s): Birute Merzhvinskayte / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper focuses on the novel Mumbling Wall by Sigitas Parulskis which narrates the story of four generations of one family connected to the historical Lithuanian fortunes in the XX century. It considers the history as a conjunction of the two types of strategies – those of the story and those of the narrative. It examines how the novel inscribes the distrust of the great narratives, the absence of central perspective and the quotemanship that replace the history with the fragments of private partial stories, one of them representing the narrative about genesis of the readerly work. The analysis shows the way in which the anthropological skepticism, based on the conception of immutability and irrationality of affected human nature, the dependence on the outward authoritative relationship, the attention to the traumatic crisis situations or events together with autoreflection, the semantization of the problems of creativity, language and reference and the exposure of artistic devices are embodied in the metaphorical figure of the mumbling wall. The paper connects the polysemy of the central figure, which conjoins processuality and immobility, reality and fiction, visual and acoustic, with the concepts of heterotopia and heterochrony by Michel Foucault.

Objektyvumo ir subjektyvumo santykis Gabrielės Petkevičaitės moraliniuose svarstymuose Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metu

Author(s): Skaistė Barkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 32 (37)/2017

It is considered that conscience embraces dialectic relation between objectivity and subjectivity. The conviction of an individual conscience is mere subjective conviction so it should satisfy objective moral norms. This article discusses how conscience, as the source of inward responsibility, and objective order of moral rules correlate between each other. Wartime is the limitary situation when the conflict between subjective convictions and objective occasions comes out dramatically clear. In the article it is made attempt to assess how the Lithuanian writer Gabrielė Petkevičaitė authorizes her understanding of right and justice during World War I even if it does not satisfy requirements of objective good. G. Petkevičaitė wrote all reflections of her experience in the diary named Karo meto dienoraštis (The Wartime Diary) in 1914–1919. There is presented Lithuanian writer’s attitude towards prevailing opinion that some of the unwarrantable (sometimes even criminal) actions and behavior are justifiable during such hard limitary times. The texts of the diary reveal the fact that, despite complicated situations, the Lithuanian writer remained true-hearted to humanism ideals and the truth.

EZOTERIKA ŠIUOLAIKINĖJE LIETUVIŲ PROZOJE

Author(s): Ieva Naikienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 33(38)/2018

This article focuses on esotericism in contemporary Lithuanian prose. For the revelation of this topic, Donaldas Kajokas’ novel Ežeras ir kiti jį lydintys asmenys (The Lake and Other Escort Members, 2003) and Jurga Ivanauskaitė’s novel Placebas (Placebo, 2012) have been chosen. The analysed writings reveal the point of view of contemporary Lithuanian writers about esoteric beliefs. In this article, esotericism is related with persons’ feelings but is excluded from occult and parapsychology fields such as alchemy, cabbala, Tarot, etc. This work focuses on the idea that an individual, who has only a few senses, cannot reach actuality. On the other hand, the possibility of acquiring those senses is not rejected. In addition, obtaining those senses would help to reach higher, over-sensational worlds and in that way to discover personal correlation with forms of multiple personal identities. This article establishes an idea that awareness of higher worlds/spheres unlocks the possibilities of revealing the main core of human (as micro-cosmos) and the Universe (as macro-cosmos). The possibility to perceive oneself as a micro-cosmos discloses not only personal identity, but also the value of Other’s entity and inevitable entities stratifying.

K. DONELAIČIO METŲ TIKRINIAI VARDAI KITOSE KALBOSE: VERTIMO STRATEGIJŲ PALYGINIMAS

Author(s): Adriano Cerri / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 8/2015

The inventory of proper names in Kristijonas Donelaitis’ poem Metai (The Seasons) is particularly rich and uneven. This peculiarity was observed from the first editions of the poem, although the topic remains largely unexplored, especially when one takes into account its translations into other languages. In the article 10 different translations are examined. The first part of the article is devoted to a discussion of the general features of the poem’s proper names. A classification is also proposed which could help in understanding the different solutions adopted by translators. It is possible to distinguish four classes: names indicating well-known entities which belong to the common cultural background of the author and the reader; popular names for which an equivalent exists in the translation language; uncommon names whithout equivalents; surnames. In sections 2 and 3 an analysis of the translation strategies adopted by different translators is discussed, paying particular attention to the processes of adaptation, cultural substitution, loan translation, invention of new names and names exchange. The different approaches and methodologies are illustrated and compared. Such a comparison allows for classification of the examined translations from the more adaptive to the more preservative.

Kultūrinė trauma Balio Sruogos romane „Dievų miškas“

Author(s): Justina Andriukevičiūtė,Gabija Bankauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 34 (39)/2018

The object of this research is cultural trauma. The signs of the cultural trauma are sought in the novel Dievų miškas (Forest of Gods, 1957) by Balys Sruoga (1896–1947). The repressions of Nazis and cultural trauma that they caused is a new subject that did not get enough attention in the field of literature. Importance of this research is based on the idea that it is impossible to overcome the cultural trauma without consideration and discussion. The article defines the relation between text and context on the basis of the ideas of new historicism. The analysis is intended to reveal what traumatic events are represented in the novel and how the identity of the person reveals in the one, and how traumatic experience changes story style and structure. Analysis of the novel reveals that the characters face difficult living conditions, physical and psychological violence, and the constant fear of death; these things cause change of values. The irony was noticed in the novel. An ironic story becomes a language of traumatic experience that helps to avoid a sensitive story, disassociate from personal experience, and tell the tragedy of a nation. One must emphasize that in the story of traumatic experience flashbacks get very important. Finally, analysis reveals that in the novel by B. Sruoga the most important sign of identity is culture.

Alfonso Nykos-Niliūno eilėraščiai intermedialumo aspektu: poezijos ir dailės dialogo atvejis

Author(s): Monika Andrulytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 35(40)/2019

The article analyses a dialogue of poetry with art in five Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas’ poems. It has been selected to apply an intermedial analysis, which provides analytical tools assisting in studying the parameters of a dialogue with art. The most important thing is the conception of ekphrasis predicting the gesture of media change – expressing visual work in words. It has been based on the typology of Laura M. Sager Eidt’s ekphrases, which allows seeing that the studied poems of Nyka-Niliūnas are dominated by a dramatic ekphrasis, the essential feature of which is an intensive autoreflection. The article studies in deep the particularity of an intermedial dialogue: it is considered on which basis the poetry of Nyka-Niliūnas is associated with artworks, how this dialogue is given prominence and what meaning growth is seen. It is analysed how art intertexts in the poems establish new meanings, and the aspect of linguistic visualisation is discussed. It has been seen that the strategy of intermedial reading is mostly formed in the titles of poems, which are introduced to the dialogue with the situation of visual media. The art quotations in the analysed texts perform different functions – activate the subjects of representation problems and representation variability, help in creating tension between visualisation and acoustics and strengthen the ideas of philosophy of existence.

Jono Juškaičio poezijos intertekstai

Author(s): Virginija Balsevičiūtė-Šlekienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2018

The nature of Jonas Juškaitis’s poetry is heterogeneous. His poems are inhabited by texts written by other authors. Intertextuality is understood as an interaction between one’s own and someone else’s word. For this analysis, I have chosen the concepts of lexemic and textual interpretant. Lexemic interpretant can be a word play, a quibble, or a foreign word. It can also be the names of characters, borrowed from other works. Textual interpretant is a larger fragment used without quotes. The article analyses secular and religious intertexts and their functions in Juškaitis’s poems. It discusses direct and indirect citation, paying most of the attention to quoting without indicating the quotes. The analysis of specific texts reveals that the insertions of extraneous texts in Juškaitis’s poetry disrupt the integrity and linearity of the text, creating tension and provoking a dialogue. They distort syntax and increase the semantic activity of words. Intertexts determine the nature of the poetic world, making it unique. In the conclusions, I state that the abundance of citations in Juškaitis’s poetry creates a very specific poetic world, determines the complex way of looking at the world, and provides a nuanced view of the most important themes in poet’s work. The variety of intertexts gives Juškaitis’s poetry, based on peasant culture, intellectual strain. Citation without quotes has become his exceptional poetic tool.

Small Literature as a Problem. Could It Be Solved?

Author(s): Dalia Satkauskytė / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The article discusses the status and functioning of so-called small literatures, including Lithuanian literature, in the global system of world literature. Referring to Franco Moretti and Pascale Casanova’s interpretation of world literature system as based on the principle of inequality, the author discusses the conception of belonging to small literatures as a destiny and interprets the onecentric world literary system as hegemonic. Being dominated by grand literatures, small literatures have very restricted possibilities of gravitation towards the center of world literature. In that theoretical context, the article considers the following issues: is it possible and how is it possible to avoid the destiny of small literatures staying in the periphery of world literature, what role in this situation plays the writer himself, what depends on the culture and research politics, could literary scholars play the role of mediators and what could be the alternatives for onecentered world literary system.

BRONISLAVOS KERBELYTĖS DARBŲ BIBLIOGRAFIJA

Author(s): / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 29/2005

Eilėraščiai iš „meistarnės“

Author(s): Gvidas Latakas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 82/2020

Tapytojas, juvelyras Gvidas Latakas – vienas savičiausių menininkų, nuo jaunumės rašantis ir eilėraščius. Išleistos trys eilėraščių knygos: „Kol išsiris varniukai“, „Nekalendoriniai šventieji“, „Lokenos“. Visos jo knygos apdovanotos premijomis. Gvido Latako eilėraščiuose nuolatos kinta rakursai, gaivalingai juda stichijos : dailė padeda poezijai, poezija – dailei. Kalba rupi, naši, artėja prie šnekamosios. Iš eilėraščio į eilėraštį keliauja bibliniai, istoriniai personažai, sakmių, mitų, padavimų veikėjai. Praeitis patiriama per liudijimus, archetipinius reliktus, kurie tarsi atgyja. Dabartis šmėsčioja epizodiškai, lyg atsitiktinai patekusi į istorijas. Poeto kūriniai primena iš tvirtų sąsparų suręstą, anot jo paties, budinką, palocių. Riedėte rieda vešlūs ir kartu geros kraujotakos pasakojimai. Iš vitališkų, kupinų sąmojo ir vidinio linksmumo palyginimų netikėtai išnyra primiršti žemaitiški žodžiai, kurie liudija atmintį ir būtovę. Gvidas Latakas nesidairo į lite- ratūrines madas, bet nevengia „naujų senovių“. Jo eilėraščių žmogus tiki, kad ne visi dangaus šventieji puikuojasi mūsų kalendoriuose, o gyvena tarpe mūsų, valgo ir geria, dirba savuosius darbus. Kita vertus, žmogus savotiškai suklūsta: „Tikiu amatais, tebus jie pagarbinti per amžius.“

Poezija

Author(s): Vytautas Stulpinas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 85/2021

1. UŽRAŠAS, UŽRAŠUI NELYGU; 2. GRŪSTĖS PASIJA; 3. METAFORA; 4. PRIEŠ SAULĖS UŽTEMIMĄ; 5. PIRMOKAS; 6. SAVAITĖS SENUMO ŠVIESA; 7. KLOSTĖ GIMTINEI1.

Vytautas Stulpinas - Statinio srauto poetas

Author(s): Giedrius Alkauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 85/2021

Kai žiemą Telšiuose pasukdavau iš Luokės gatvės į Vilniaus gatvę, vieno daugiabučio ketvirtajame aukšte visada degdavo spingsė. Žinojau – Vytautui Telšiečiui dabar pagavų metas. Tokiose erdvėse juk ir gimsta laisviausi tekstai. Justiniškių narvelyje, Sapiegiškio trobelėje, daugiabučio blokelyje.

CorDon – A Deeply Annotated Digital Corpus of the Works of Kristijonas Donelaitis

Author(s): Mortimer Drach / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2021

CorDon (https://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/cordon/menu/lt/startas.html) yra laisvai prieinamas leksiškai ir morfosintaksiškai anotuotas lietuvių literatūros klasiko Kristijono Donelaičio (1714–1780) lietuviškų tekstų korpusas. Anotuoti tekstai pateikiami paslankaus formato skaityklėje, kurioje galima aktyvuoti atskirus anotacijos sluoksnius, paralelius teksto leidimus ir vertimus į vokiečių, anglų ir italų kalbas. Paieškos grafinė naudotojo sąsaja įgalina paiešką visuose anotacijų sluoksniuose nenaudojant specialios užklausų kalbos ar reguliariųjų išraiškų. Šis paieškos metodas yra nepriklausomas nuo anotacijos schemos ir gali būti apibendrintas panašiu būdu anotuotiems tekstams. Anotacijos pagrindu sugeneruotame leksikone su konkordancija pagal antraštinį žodį (lemą) suregistruoti Donelaičio tekstų žodžiai. Intuityvi CorDon paieška sukonstruota taip, kad užklausą būtų galima palaipsniui tikslinti ir plėsti. Paieškos rezultatai pateikiami plačiam vartotojų ratui prieinama forma. CorDon gali pasitarnauti kaip skaitmeninis leidinys Donelaičio tekstų tyrėjoms bei tyrėjams, kaip anotuotas korpuso archyvas kalbininkėms bei kalbininkams arba kaip skaitymo korpusas mokymo(si) procese.

Apie meistravimo formas ir jų prasmę

Author(s): Jurgita Žana Raškevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Akvilė Rėklaitytė, Meistraujantis žmogus: poetinė Marcelijaus Martinaičio antropologija, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2020, 286 p.

Sejmowe mowy popisowe Kazimierza Nestora Sapiehy. Inspiracje antyczną myślą retoryczną

Author(s): Marzena Gonera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article describes selected poetry by the Pomeranian diplomat Jurga Valentin Winther (1578–1623), which can be included in the inter–genre category of ‘poesis artificiosa’. The works discussed include: anagram, chronogram, acrostic, palindrome, ‘versus concordans’, emblem, labyrinth. The poetic repertoire of Winther clearly shows that while writing, he readily experimented with form, and his searches and innovations sometimes elude genology.

Vilniaus universiteto Lietuvių literatūros katedra 2022 metais

Author(s): Mindaugas Kvietkauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2022

Išskirtiniai šių metų tyrimų rezultatai – solidžios katedros dėstytojų knygos. Tai prof. Dainoros Pociūtės monografija Niccolò Buccella: inkvizicijos kalinys, karaliaus medikas. Heterodoksija, medicina ir italų egzilis XVI a. antrojoje pusėje (Vilnius: VU leidykla, 2022), jungianti kultūros, medicinos ir religijų istoriją, Lietuvos, Lenkijos, Italijos ir Transilvanijos kontekstus, rekonstruojanti Reformacijos laikų asmenybės biografiją. Taip pat – doc. Dariaus Kuolio mokslinių straipsnių ir publicistikos rinkinys Apie Respubliką: iš archyvų ir ambonų (Vilnius: Odilė, 2022), kuriame skelbiami Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės istorijos bei kultūros tyrimai, lietuviškosios kultūrinės atminties procesų bei švietimo politikos svarstymai, atveriantys idėjų istorijos perspektyvas.

Panelės Viktorijos kalbos jausmas

Author(s): Roma Bončkutë / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 114/2023

Based on Émile Benveniste’s concept of subjectivity in language and rhythm, the article analyzes Šatrijos Ragana’s short story Viktutė (1903). The writer’s choice to present the narrative in diaristic form legitimized the spontaneity and openness of the main character and the individuality of the language components. In the short story, Viktutė, having discovered the beauty of the Lithuanian language, began to use this language more and more in everyday life, started writing a diary, thus creating the conditions for the realization, significance, and historicity of her individual self. Viktutė’s individuality does not come from the realization that she is herself, but from the feeling of unity with others, from the discovery of herself in the lives of others, expressed via language. Assuming that a lot of autobiographical elements can be found in the short story, Viktutė’s transformation into Miss Viktorija can be interpreted as Marija Pečkauskaitė’s transformation into Šatrijos Ragana. Marija Pečkauskaitė’s decision to identify with Lithuanian national identity and propagate it coincided with the strengthening of individuality and the need to realize it by joining the community of Lithuanian patriots.

Granica, wojna i miłość w prozie Birutė Jonuškaitė

Author(s): Audinga Peluritytė-Tikuišienė / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2023

Birutė Jonuškaitė, a Lithuanian writer born and raised in Sejny/Seinai [Polish/Lithuanian]County, Poland, became one of the most consistent storytellers of genuine cross national relations in Lithuanian literature. In all her novels, the writer, who settled in Vilnius after her studies at Vilnius University, tells stories about the life of the Lithuanian diaspora in Poland, and in her latest novels, Maranta (2015) and Maestro (2019), she brings to life a literary epic about the historical relations between Lithuanian, Polish, Jewish and French families. These relations burgeon at the beginning of the century in the province of Lithuania where the borders of several countries converge, to unfold over the coming decades across the thoroughfares and capitals of Europe and the world. Separated by the vicissitudes of war and history, whole families and individuals alike find each other because in response to the call of human warmth and love.