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4.50 €

Jestem wtedy, kiedy krzyczę

Author(s): Sylwia Chutnik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The concept of radical walking is the beginning of a description of various types of resistance, which is a form of pressure from minority groups such as women, mothers, people with disabilities, LGBTQ+ and others. On the examples of activities in public space, the author examines which myths and tabs have been crossed and in what form. Radical Walking is therefore an attempt to politicize this seemingly transparent form of everyday practice.

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Waszym poetom zebrało się śliny

Author(s): Marta Bukowiecka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article compares two generations of committed Polish poets, namely the “bruLion” group and the current generation of young poets (represented by the volume "Zebrało się śliny" [Fed Up]). Despite these two formations’ different images, their poems have a lot in common, which is due to their common literary tradition. Similarities can be seen at the level of the poetics of protest, i.e. the critical, artistic transformation of public language.

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Nazizm – atrofia pamięci, mowa pamięci (Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Czesław Miłosz, Tadeusz Różewicz)

Author(s): Tomasz Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Selected poems by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Czesław Miłosz and Tadeusz Różewicz are the subject of this reflection. They are read as testimony of dissent and resistance to the atrophy of the memory of Nazism. The particular condition of this memory, which speaks out from between the noise (of civilisation) and the silence (of culture), is recognised.

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Opowiadanie protestu, protestowanie

Author(s): Mirosława Buchholtz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The short story "Everything that Rises Must Converge" (1965) has often been read in the context of Flannery O’Connor’s Catholicism. However, the conflicts reflected in the short story are far more varied than that. What is more, in portraying generational, class, and racial conflicts, O’Connor does not give either side an edge on the opponent. The protests of a young college graduate and of random people, both Afro-American and white (including „white trash”), unfold in the microcosm of a city bus and on the street. The unnamed historical context of racial segregation is only implied in such telling phrases as „integrated [buses]” or „bottom rail up”. The idea of civil disobedience propagated by Henry David Thoreau and taken over by the leader of the civil rights movement, Martin Luther King resounds in the background. The claim of the French Jesuit Pierre Teilhard de Chardin quoted in the story’s title and confronted with the material reality of the street emerges as an ambiguous message of malediction and consolation. The essay focuses on the ways of representing protest and argues that O’Connor’s story not only narrates, but also enacts a protest.

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Opór, jaki jest, każdy widzi (albo nie)

Author(s): Hanna Gosk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on rarely noticed aspects of the phenomenon of resistance against circumstances perceived as oppressive or, for various reasons, difficult to be accepted. First, it will be the lack of resistance; second, resistance against a creative cognition of the New/Other, against opening oneself to them as something enriching. Radek Rak’s Baśń o wężowym sercu… will serve as an equivocal literary example.

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„Śmiałość wyobraźni nieodzowna socjalistycznemu pisarzowi”

Author(s): Karolina Kulpa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article attempts to capture the contestative dimension of Bruno Jasieński’s prose works. More precisely, the author is interested in the role of political imagination, which is revealed not only in the space of the presented world, but also results directly from the writer’s own creative attitude. The novel „I Burn Paris” is read as one of the versions of avant-garde prose and as a text that in a non-obvious way draws attention to the limited possibilities of the language of literature and the ways of influencing, by unmaskingly creating alternative, utopian visions of reality.

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Georges Perec – strategia cichego oporu

Author(s): Małgorzata Fabrycy / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Georges Perec admitted in an interview that his work may be summarized with this moral: “there is a conflict between people and institutions and the role of the latter is always harmful”. The aim of the article is to analyze, using the examples of Rzeczy ["Things: A Story of the Sixties"] and "Człowiek, który śpi" ["A Man Asleep"], how through in-depth observation and a detailed description of everyday life, Perec resisted the domination of the ubiquitous media discourse and bureaucracy. In conclusion, we will briefly mention the book "Pamiętam, że" ["I Remember"], Perec’s gesture towards his generation, aiming at creating the common space of understanding.

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Formy protestu „aparatczyka” – przypadek Stefana Żółkiewskiego

Author(s): Piotr Sidorowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text is a polemic with the stereotypical image of Stefan Żółkiewski as an apparatchik. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the structure of the academic field, the author analyzes Żółkiewski’s theoretical attitude, according to texts and extra-texts from the 1930s and 1940s. The materials from the period of the Nazi occupation in Poland are pivotal, but the remaining sources are used contextually.

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Jak robić rzeczy bez słów?

Author(s): Danuta Ulicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper tackles a problem somehow omitted in linguistics and philosophy of language: silence as a performative speech act. It is the agency that differs silence from other linguistic and non-linguistic behaviour, like quiet, understatement, underspecification, presupposition or implicature. The discursive character of silence is due to the authorial intention, the address, the felicity conditions and the assumed answer. Among the issues discussed are the dialectic bond between silence and speech and the negatively connoted linguistic representations of silence, enrooted in the Polish language and Polish political culture. The main protagonist of the study will be Tadeusz Kotarbiński, the side characters - other philosophers and poets who believed silence was action.

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Dlaczego ludzie nauki zaprzestali masowych protestów?

Author(s): Marek Jedliński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author explores the issue of protest as an element of the traditionally understood path of intellectual development. The opposition against pragmatism and critical thinking should be – as famous researchers of the idea of a university believe (Jaspers, Newman) – the primary responsibility of the scientist. The author of the article claims that under the influence of contemporary process of consumption of science, we should be asking ourselves: „Why are we not protesting?”.

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Poetyki niezgody w tekście i pozatekście – panel dyskusyjny

Author(s): Inga Iwasiów,Anna Kałuża,Tomasz Majewski,Łukasz Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

"The Poetics of Protest" is the result of the discussion held during the conference organized by the Scientific Circle of Theory of Literature and the Department of Poetics, Literary Theory and Methodology of Literary Research. The session was conducted online at the Faculty of Polish Studies of Warsaw University between 6th and 14th March 2021. The texts presented in the book are concerned with the issue of protest, revolt and opposition, which is analysed using modern humanistic concepts, drawn from disability studies, sociology of literature or dance studies.

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Czarnoksięskie przeznaczenie. Georges’a Bataille’a batalia o mit a Bruno Schulz

Author(s): Marcin Hanuszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Beginning with an outline of the twentieth-century condition, in reference to the ideas of Jean Baudrillard, Martin Heidegger and Tadeusz Sławek, among others (thinkers whose texts are also the sources of the terminology used), the author discusses in this context the text The Sorcerer’s Apprentice by Georges Bataille. The author pays particular attention to the notions of destiny, seduction and myth, and conducts the analysis by means of both philosophical (referring also to other writings by Bataille) and literary polyphony. The considerations culminate in the identification of the commonalities between the approach to myth presented in The Sorcerer’s Apprentice and Bruno Schulz’s famous concept of the mythization of reality.

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„BO ŻYWI ZAWSZE MAJĄ RACJĘ PRZECIW UMARŁYM“ - RZECZYWISTOŚĆ OBOZÓW KONCENTRACYJNYCH NA PODSTAWIE POWIEŚCI RUDOLFA VRBY UTEKL JSEM Z OSVĚTIMI I OPOWIADAŃ TADEUSZA BOROWSKIEGO

Author(s): Katarzyna Dąbrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to present a horror caused by the Second World War, and in particular the reality of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. The whole paper i divided into two main parts. In the first one i would like to present briefly the profiles of two men Rudolf Vrba and Tadeusz Borowski and their lives before they were sent to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. In the second part i want to present their literary works, which are testimonies of the few who survived the hell of the concentration camp and were able to tell about this reality. In my deliberations, i focus on comparing what each of these men felt, experienced, what he learned, what attitude he presented to himself and other inmates and supervisors. On the basis of this information, i am able to create a picture of the reality of a concentration camp, not only its rules and principles, but above all a world in which there is no human identity, only a tattooed number and where any moral choice brings physical or mental suffering, and later death.

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Między ekfrazą i apokryfem. O wybranych tekstach Jacka Dehnela

Author(s): Julia Dynkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper concerns peculiar literary genre—ekphrasis (a literary description of work of art). Basing on selected (prose and poetic) texts by Polish writer Jacek Dehnel, which involve photography and painting, I am trying to examine if (and to what extent) the category of apocryphon may be adapted for research on ekphrasis. The category of apocryphon describes not only texts which supplement The Bible or literary mystifications, but also (prototypically) literary works in which “so-called modern realities are left more or less intact” (D. Szajnert’s suggestion) and which are filling up or amplifying narrations from works of fiction considered as canonical (e.g. short stories from Karel Čapek’s Kniha apokryfů).

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Elégie na odchádzanie (stopy elegického žánru v tvorbe Zbigniewa Herberta)

Author(s): Jaroslava Smejkalová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

An elegy as a lyrical genre has remained in various genre modifications from ancient times to the present day. In Polish literature, there were renaissance poets who followed in the tradition of Roman elegy. Among them, there is Jan Kochanowski, whose work is in this respect considered the canon of mourning poetry. Post-war Polish poets return to the elegy. Thus they follow in Jan Kochanowski’s tradition, and on the base of some individual creative methods, they also transform this genre into the genre form that meets the criteria of modern poetry. The article is dedicated to Zbigniew Herbert’s poems of the elegiac mood. Elegiac tones in the verse of this Polish poet are evident since the beginning of his work, and their intensity increases up to the last author’s collections in which the tones gain an intimate autobiographical character of bidding farewell to all the beauty and things of this world.

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Balss atgūšana: triju represētu latviešu dzejnieku likteņi

Author(s): Anda Kuduma / Language(s): Latvian Publication Year: 0

The article aims to describe the fate of three repressed poets in the context of complex historical and socio-political events and evaluate the reception of traumatic personal experiences in two periods of their creative process: 1) the period of losing their voices after the exiles (end of the 1950s – 1980s); 2) the period of regaining their voices in post-Soviet Latvia (after 1990). The poets’ traumatic experience caused by the repressive mechanism of the Soviet totalitarian regime has influenced the development directions of their work and opportunities for it, which, from the point of view of postcolonial criticism, raises the issue of representation. In the 1980s and 1990s, Latvian literature actualises and evaluates the traumatism of historical experience in the autobiographical and biographical genre. An active and productive process of recovering the muted voice begins, overcoming the problems of representation previously established by official censorship. The kinship of the destinies of the three poets reveals the aspirations and difficult paths of individual and national freedom throughout the 20th century, forming an overview of historical memory. The article highlights the importance of memory and remembrance in over coming individual and collective trauma.

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Metafory Towiańskiego

Author(s): Leszek Zwierzyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper seeks to describe the image of the world contained in "Biesiada". This has been achieved through the study of metaphors present in the text. Three sets of metaphors have been identified. The first shows a model of the world as a static spiritual entity, a pantomime of moving columns of ghosts. The second – a spiritual anthropology: the human being turns out to be an inferior creation – a container of spirit. The third set of metaphors reveals images of God: theodicy and original spiritual Christology, topped with an innovative multidimensional symbol of the cosmic Christ. The role of "Biesiada" as a bridge between the phases of late Polish Romanticism (the poetry of Mickiewicz and Słowacki) is also emphasised.

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Przemoc działania, pokój bezczynu

Author(s): Agnieszka Bednarek-Bohdziewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the article, I discuss the concept of moral-religious renewal proposed by the Circle of Towiańskiites and the failure of the idea in practice. The main question in the article is: why did these passionate reformers of the official Church follow down the path of ecclesiastical mechanisms even faster than the Church itself? Is the implementation of the idea of moral-ethical and religious renewal necessarily doomed to the dialectic of orthodoxy, reform, and counter-reform? And is this practice always a dangerous existential experiment ending in violence? My answer is inspired by Victor Turner, who has described the phenomenon of communitas, as well as the work of Eugen Drewermann and Tomasz Polak’s analysis of unsuccessful attempts to reform the church system. At the same time, I try to add nuance to the understanding of the ideas of individual activists of the Circle of God’s Cause. For instance, Mickiewicz’s ideology appears as slightly different to that of Towiański’s. Mickiewicz, more than Towiański, calls for a return to metaphysical questions (Where do we come from? Who are we? Where are we going?) instead of focusing only on moral renewal and ethics. Therefore, his religious path cannot be boiled down to two stages: the word and the deed. The poet leans more towards freedom of silence (understood as an attitude). These ideas are present not only in "Liryki lozańskie" and in "Zdania i uwagi" but also in Mickiewicz’s letter to Towiański of 12 May 1847, a moving reckoning with the sins of Towianism.

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„Gdyby moje powołanie nie było inne […], puściłbym się w poezją”

Author(s): Ewa Hoffmann-Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the problem of Towiański’s attitude to poetry. The starting point is the convictions established in the literature on the subject of Master Andrzej’s negative approach to art and the deprecating attitude to the works of poets – adepts of his science. The text is an attempt to revise the common findings expressed by outstanding literary historians such as Konrad Górski or Alina Kowalczykowa.

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Towiański i towianizm w listach Krasińskiego

Author(s): Jerzy Fiećko / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the first part of the article, the author analyses Zygmunt Krasiński’s attitude to Towianism seen as a kind of religious doctrine, based primarily on the writer’s letters to various addressees. It is emphasised that at first Krasiński approached Towiański’s ideas open-mindedly and even found in them some important elements that were in line with his own philosophy of history. In later years, after the Spring of Nations, his attitude changed considerably as he began to consider Towianism one of the greatest threats to Polishness. The second part of the article contains a comprehensive reconstruction of Krasiński’s attitude towards Andrzej Towiański as a public figure. The writer devoted much attention to the phenomenon of magnetism which, as he suspected, was used by Towiański in the relations with his followers and other people around him. On the other hand, he maintained a distance from the suspicion that Master Andrzej was a Russian agent. Krasiński did not consider Towiański a prophet but a “mighty” (strong) personality and thought some of his religious ideas worth attention. Later, Krasiński significantly changed his attitude towards Towiański and after 1848 consistently described him as a personal enemy and an “agent of hell”.

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