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ČEKŲ, SLOVAKŲ IR LIETUVIŲ ESĖ SAMPRATOS ŠIANDIEN: DVI SKIRTINGOS STILIAUS SFERŲ DOMINANTĖS

Author(s): Aneta Petrová / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2015

Contemporary essay is widely-known and has gained significant popularity in Czech and Slovak cultural space, as well as in Lithuanian cultural space. However, we should keep in mind that the Czech-Slovak essay does not necessarily have to be identical to the Lithuanian essay, despite the fact that both cultures use the same term for these texts – esej in Czech, esė in Lithuanian. To compare how essay is understood in both environments, this paper applies the concept of the dominant to the Czech-Slovak and Lithuanian essay. Our understanding of the dominant follows Czech linguistic tradition; in particular, it was inspired by Roman Jakobson’s and Jan Mukařovský’s definitions of the dominant. If we apply the concept of the dominant to different groups of text, it becomes clear that each of them is characterized by a common feature. Striving to deliver profound – as opposed to trivial – knowledge is the basic requirement for the sphere of professional (for example, scientific or technical) texts whose main purpose is to convey facts and information. For belles-lettres texts, aesthetic qualities are absolutely essential. Finally, manifests of author personality are typical for publicistic texts. The Czech-Slovak essay is situated among these three groups of texts, and it is clear that all of the mentioned features are distinctly pronounced in it.

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Živé miesto komparatistiky v kultúrnom dialógu (estónsky prínos)

Author(s): Ladislav Franek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2018

The explanation of the term comparative literary studies on the basis of Slovak theorists (M. Bakoš, D. Ďurišin, A. Popovič, L. Franek) from the 1960s to present. The contribution of the Spanish comparatist Claudio Guillén. The tension between the local, national and supranational. The role of the Estonian comparative literature association under the leadership of Jüri Talvet. His term the symbiotic aspect of postmodern culture (2009). The importance of comparative research with the aim of preserving the cultural legacy of nations. The variety of cultural reflections of the Estonian comparatist on the current situation in various parts of the world. The necessity to preserve the metaphorical-poetic vision of the world while respecting the relationship between the artist, nature and society. The illustration of the symbiotic aspect through Ladislav Franek’s translation of some of Talvet’s poems.

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Medzi ideológiou, žánrom a spoločenskou objednávkou – filmové adaptácie popkultúrnych predlôh v československej kinematografii prechodu

Author(s): Juraj Malíček,Michaela Malíčková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

The text attempts to identify specific methods used in film adaptations of literary works bySlovak and Czech authors that represent genres of popular culture in the so-called cinematographyof transition, defined by historical milestones which reflect various social, culturaland political changes. The normalization process in Czechoslovakia “softened” after 1985 andCzechoslovak cinematography became more open and free, although it still remained controlledby censorship which was not institutionally based. The sci-fi films for children andyoung adults, such as The Third Dragon (1985), directed by Peter Hledík, and the televisionfilm Gemini (1991), directed by Pavol Gejdoš, Jr., are pars pro toto examples of films whichwere not heavily loaded with ideology. The blood-spattered comedy The Flames of Royal Love(1990), directed by Jan Němec, typifies the period of social change after the fall of the IronCurtain in 1989 and the bizarre film Horror Story (1993), directed by Jaroslav Brabec, indicatesthe end of the cinematography of transition.

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The place of translated American literature in Slovak publishing houses after 1989

Author(s): Ľubica Pliešovská,Natália Popovcová Glowacky / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper examines the main changes which were brought about by the globalization of culture and the commercialization of the book market in Slovakia after the fall of state socialismin 1989. It also aims at demonstrating the place of American literature in literary translationin Slovakia in the wake of the Velvet Revolution. The research assesses several different trends within publishing by answering such questions as: What are the most translated genres/subgenres? What are the proportions between aesthetically demanding literature and commercial/popular fiction? Who are the most widely translated American writers? Who are the translators that translated their works?

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Medzi izolovaným a fenomenalizujúcim subjektom: Melanchólia ako estetická kvalita v (spirituálnej) poézii Erika Jakuba Grocha

Author(s): Jana Juhásová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2020

Clashing tendencies of despair, sadness and spiritual yearning can be observed in the work of the leading Slovak spiritual poet Erik Jakub Groch. The disturbing preponderance of the strained motives in the author’s recent collections leads to reflections on the nature of religious melancholy and its possible integration within the spiritual path and personal growth. Since visualization plays an essential role in the synthetic consciousness of this Slovak poet, the author of the study attempts to give more engaged solutions through the analysis of his viewpoint. In her search for answers, she relies mainly on Søren Kierkegaard’s reflection on despair (Tungsind), the concept of the dark night of St. John of the Cross, and the reversible visuals of Maurice Merleau-Ponty.

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The intertextual aspect of the Faustian theme in 19th-century Slovak and Czech literature: Jonáš Záborský, Šebestián Hněvkovský, and the categories of “national” vs. “world”

Author(s): Anna Zelenková / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The study attempts to identify the “interliterary network” of the post-Romantic period from the perspective of “small national literatures” through an analysis of two Central European texts: Faustiáda (1864) by the Slovak writer Jonáš Záborský and Doktor Faust (1844) by the Czech writer Šebestián Hněvkovský. Although in the history of their respective literatures, both texts rank among the classics, they have been seen as “antiquary relicts” because of their genre hybridization, literary-orientational interference, and parallel coexistence of two different poetics within individual texts. The works belong to the genre of “Faustiads” whose purpose is to demythicize and desacralize the Faustian theme. The parodical-humorous form or didactically patriotic presentation enables them to cope with the historical philosophy of their nations. The interliterary interpretation of these works results in the transformation of fixed negative reflections in the literary discourse and in the confirmation of the diversity of the Central European post-Romantic tradition.

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Socialist Realism in the Context of Existentialism: D. Tatarka and his Novel The Birthday Cake

Author(s): Marcela Antošová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This study is a free continuation of our monograph Dominik Tatarka in the context of existentialism, the aim of which was to grasp the central work of D. Tatarka through the perspective of existentialism. Within the interpretive analyzes, however, we did not deal with the writer’s key works of the so-called socialist realism in the mentioned publication, which means the works The First and Second Strike, The Years of Companionship and The Birthday Cake, because they required a separate approach due to their specificity and their relation to the communist regime. We gradually began to compensate the mentioned deficit, the elimination of which will enable a more comprehensive grasp of the existentialism issue in the author’s work, in the form of partial studies. In them, through the view of existentialism, we deal with the works The First and Second Strike and The Years of Companionship. The presented study solves the mentioned problem in the last novel from this line, meaning in the novel The Birthday Cake, and in this direction closes the question of existentialism in Tatarka’s key works of socialist realism.

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Hrdina v lyricko-epickej skladbe Detvan v kontexte dobového nacionalizmu

Author(s): Marta Fülöpová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2021

The analytical-interpretative study examines the depiction of literary characters in the lyrical-epic work Detvan written by Andrej Sládkovič. It interprets the ingenious system of relations between the Slovak nation represented by the main character Martin and King Matthias Corvinus. The study notes the shifts in meaning and symbolization of relationships in this work and reveals the influence of national ideology in the creation of characters and their relations. It proves that the relationship between the king and the main character is a poetic expression of the national program, and that the story line is determined by the Slovak autostereotype of a peaceful nation. The article was written on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Andrej Sládkovič’s birth.

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Slovenská literatúra v literárnohistorických prácach napísaných po maďarsky (1867 – 1918)

Author(s): Iván Halász / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2021

The article concentrates on the image and reception of Slovak literature in specialised Hungarian-language texts from the period of Austro-Hungarian Compromise. In the history of Slovak-Hungarian relations, this period was one of the most complicated: the middle classes were being speedily assimilated and the Slovak culture was under intense pressure of the state and Hungarian culture. The first comprehensive publication on Slovak literature in this period was written by Imre Gáspár as early as 1879, but it remained without much feedback. Subsequent articles and encyclopaedic entries were penned by Slovak authors who either worked in Budapest as civil servants (Samo Czambel, Adolf Pechány) or were based directly in Martin, Slovakia (Jozef Škultéty). Škultéty was invited to write on Slovak literature by the Budapest-based professor Oszkár Asbóth who also authored a journal article on Svetozár Hurban Vajanský. Despite differences in authors’ social and cultural backgrounds, the narrative texts share several similarities: in the introduction, they provide a general overview of the history of the Slovak language and literature and then deal with outer-literary aspects in the works of a few authors and looked for similarities. The works of Ján Hollý and Andrej Sládkovič were held in especially high esteem.

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Czarnogóra wyobrażona? Dziennik podróży V Dalmáci a na Čiernej hore Martina Kukučína

Author(s): Aleksandra Hudymač / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article is devoted to the first part of the Balkan travel journal entitled Travel Features, written by the Slovak prose writer Martin Kukučín 1898. The text deals with the image of Montenegro in the context of the tension between its stereotypical and real image. Montenegro is studied here in the context of the cognitive triangle: landscape – femininity – masculinity. Kukučín looks at the most fundamental stereotypes and self-stereotypes about Montenegro, such as the myth of heroism, amputated femininity or the harshness and inaccessibility of the Montenegrin landscape. In his tale, on the basis of a palimpsest, elements intricate and problematizing the unambiguous image of Montenegro are woven.

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Autobiografizm w prozie Jána Roznera – wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Rafał Majerek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The paper focuses on autobiographical aspects of Ján Rozner’s prose, which was published in Slovakia after his death (2006), and soon became a great literary sensation. In three books: Sedem dní do pohrebu (Seven Days to the Funeral, 2009), Noc po fronte (The Night after the Front, 2010), Výlet na Devín (The Trip to the Devín Castle, 2011) Rozner, a leading communist journalist and critic of the 1950s, then one of the active proponents of the Prague Spring’s democratization process, thrown out of work and blacklisted after the Soviet invasion in Czechoslovakia in 1968, finally in emigration in Germany after 1976 – combines individual problems with social and cultural issues making a specific interpretation of his own life, his intimate affairs and political choices. His writing can be considered as a kind of therapeutic process, especially the novel Seven Days to the Funeral, in which the author deals with death of his wife, Zora Jesenská, distinguished translator, mainly from the Russian literature. In the article the novel is interpreted as a literary attempt to cope with the pain caused by the great loss, but also as a kind of engaged, subjective reflection on history and politics with its devastating impact on people’s lives.

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РЕАЛНОСТ И УТОПИЯ В ТВОРЧЕСТВОТО НА ГЕЙЗА ВАМОШ

Author(s): Dagmar Garay Krochanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Gejza Vamoš (1901 Devavanya, Hungary – 1956 Muriae Minas, Brazil) is one of the most remarkable Slovak writers of the interwar period. His life and literary work is similar to those of a number of European intellectuals of Jewish origin, who experienced otherness and alienation, and looked for strategies to overcome them. Despite the fact that the legislation in the Czechoslovak Republic in the interwar period supported religious equality, the stereotypes concerning the Jews and the doubts about their assimilation continued. Vamoš expressed his ideas about a new community in his doctoral dissertation in philosophy Princip krutosti (The Principle of Cruelty) defended at Comenius University in Bratislava in 1932 as well as in his literary works, especially in the novels Atomy Boha (Atoms of God) (1928) and Odlomena haluz (Broken Branch) (1934). The former work challenges the idea of creation and perceives a doctor of medicine as a new prophet, whereas the latter one discusses the possibilities of Jewish assimilation and the problems of upbringing. Odlomena haluz was awarded a prize in Prague but at the same time Vamoš faced lawsuits and severe accusations related to some parts of the novel. In 1939, he left for China, and in the late 1940s, he moved to Brazil. New editions of his fiction appeared in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s, and after 1989, his work was included in the history of philosophical thinking in Slovakia

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„Čo oko nevidí, srdce nebolí” alebo motív očí v básnickej zbierke „Reptajúca pokora” Ondreja Štefanka

Author(s): Ramona Zăvoianu-Petrovici / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2020

The article is aimed at arguing the existing link between Ondrej Štefanko’s program as a writer, and self-projection while referring to set of poems he wrote before 1989. Our working hypothesis is that through the poetic visual perception of the world a confrontation of projections or self-projections is depicted, which the poet expresses metaphorically through the motif of the eye or vision. Our working methodology is framed by the theory of egolinguistics and the confrontation of self-projections as exposed by the Slovak famous linguist Juraj Dolnı́k and further completed with the cognitive approach to literature and mainly the theory related to emotions. We thus aim at uncovering another dimension of the text, while achieving a different reading and interpretation of the motif of the eye and in the end at better understanding the poet’s implicit poetic mission. Our approach to Ondrej Štefanko’s poems combines the perspective of egolinguistics with the cognitive approach to literature.

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Postmodernul „Mereu verde...”

Author(s): Raluca Daniela Mihai / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Literature has always taken the shape of a manifest, the indulgement of thoughts, feelings, phantasms and uprising, times and often expressing that inner courage to take a step, say something, unravel with writing being the entity that completes it through the transfer of thoughts and ideas in the best possible way. Literature is on a path of continuous change and its` cycles have the urge to always bring something new, a new way of thinking, this being the set in which postmodernism came to light, a cosmopolite phenomenon that brought along a denial to the majority of the techniques used in literature, this giving literature a new face in a new and original way by studying people in their everyday life not by creating an exact copy of reality but rather by generating a fictional world to represent reality. Slovak literature has seen remarkable changes when, at the end of the nineteenth century, it has entered a new stage, creating adequate conditions conducive to modern literature, given the changes in the social condition of the writer. Literary life will undergo a major change on the topic of literary works, but also the method of creation, which is destined to highlight the artistic virtues of the writer and altogether satisfying taste reader. Among those who contributed to the development of good translations in English, which broke into the phenomenon of postmodernism, have brought attention writings literature, facilitated change the image of their own people, the spirit, contributing to the evolution of literary canon in Slovakia was writer Pavel Vilikovský, slovak writer, journalist and translator. It has become increasingly known as a literary figure major post-communist period in Central Europe.

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Ľudovít Štúr – personalitate emblematică a slovacilor

Author(s): Dagmar Maria Anoca / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2015

This paper is focused on Ľudovít Štúr (28. 10. 1815 Uhrovec – 12. 1. 1856 Modra), emblematic personality of Slovaks. His prodigious activity in the field of linguistics, literature, politics, organizing the struggle for the emancipation of the people, education etc. is presented in its important points. It emphasized the role of literary language encoder (Slovak language Science, 1846) and the literary theorist (About songs and stories of Slavic nations), without being neglected his poetic creations (Songs and Singing, 1853).

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Recepcia tvorby Dagmar Márie Anoca v slovenskom vojvodinskom kontexte

Author(s): Zuzana Čížiková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2014

The report is about the reception of Dagmar Mária Anoca’s literary work in Slovak Vojvodina context, mainly according to bibliographical review of her books in the magazine for literature and culture Nový život, and a few key studies about her and the places where her work is reflected. D. M. Anoca is present in Slovak Vojvodina context mostly as a poet and literary scientist. According to cultural and literal municipality in Vojvodina, she is regarded as a university pedagogue, a writer for children, a linguist, a theorist, a cultural agent, a persistent researcher of literature, cultural activity, and history of Romanian Slovaks and Slovaks living in southern parts from Slovakia, and recently as a translator from Romanian language, too. The main focus was on her poetic work, followed by poetry for children, linguistic and literary-historic work, while the reception of prose work in Slovak Vojvodina context was missing at the time of the publishing.

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Ďalšia literárna príručka. Patrik Šenkár: Slovenská poézia, próza a dráma po roku 1989.

Author(s): Ladislav Čúzy / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

Review of: Ďalšia literárna príručka. Patrik Šenkár: Slovenská poézia, próza a dráma po roku 1989. Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa, Nitra 2011. Edícia Knižnica Zošitov Katedry areálových kultúr FSŠ - zv. 9. 176 strán, ISBN 978-80-8094-898-6. (Ladislav Čúzy)

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Milo Urban şi mutaţiile prozei slovace în perioada interbelică a secolului al XX-lea

Author(s): Dagmar Maria Anoca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2012

The paper is focused on the contribution of the Slovak writer, novelist Milo Urban (1904-1983), between two world wars, period of the great changes in Slovak culture and literature.

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Východiská a kontexty Slovenskej moderny

Author(s): Dana Hučková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2012

In the literary output of the Slovak Modernist authors the period aesthetic universalities of the artistic Modernism, roughly dated 1890-1914, were connected with peculiarities of regional, national literature, traditionally defined by, as well as perceived through the national concept. As a result of predominance of the national aspect in the previous perception of literature, the Slovak cultural environment may have experienced restructuring of values of the period topics, but with a clear subscription to the autonomous character of the aesthetic function of literature and individual creative gesture. Slovak Modernism evinces identifiable thematic resonances and contextual proximities with the contemporary European ideological currents and trends. The authors, Ivan Krasko, Janko Jesenský, Ivan Gall, František Votruba, Ľudmila Groeblová, Vladimír Roy, Vladimír Hurban-Svetozárov, Martin Rázus, Samo Cambel-Kosorkin, Juraj Slávik-Neresnický, abandoned the social-ideological take on literature and undertook to emphasize the moment of intimacy and sensitivity of production, which was perceived as an individual self-expression, escape from solitude, the act of confession, and the outcome of a mood and artistic rendition of a unique moment. The starting point was the feeling of sensual deprivation, failure, disappointment, loss, intellectual distress, and crisis. The perception of crises became manifest in vacillation between of activity and inertia, harmony and chaos. The revived Romantic poetics with impressionist overtones began to appear sporadically around 1900 and after 1905 (the year Janko Jesenský‘s book of poetry, Verše / Verses/ was published), it became widespread, with culmination between 1908-1912. At that point, the revived Romanticism and Impressionism took a noticeably Symbolist turn. The motifs of decadent stylization are relatively rare. The inclination of late Symbolism towards the grotesque (grotesque-carnival) in the Slovak context is suggested by the repeated ironic twist of the texts and perception of life as a farce, carnival or fancy dress ball.

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Ďalšia literárna príručka. Patrik Šenkár: Slovenská poézia, próza a dráma po roku 1989

Author(s): Ladislav Čúzy / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2012

Book-Review: Ďalšia literárna príručka. Patrik Šenkár: Slovenská poézia, próza a dráma po roku 1989, Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa, Nitra 2011, Edícia Knižnica Zošitov Katedry areálových kultúr FSŠ - zv. 9, 176 strán, ISBN 978-80-8094-898-6. (Ladislav Čúzy)

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