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The text attempts to reconstruct the beginning of the Bulgarian heroic epic. The author believes that the structure of the author‘s epic was invented by Hristo Botev and was later extended by Ivan Vazov. Vasil Levski‘s figure is met in both poets, but while Vazov writes the live of the Deacon like a saint, Botev carries out his literary canonization according to all ritual procedures and turns it into the Bulgarian Jesus.
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The paper discusses the models of memory, which the cycle of odes “Epopee of the Forgotten” by the Bulgarian poet Ivan Vazov and the cycle “Rhapsodies of the Bulgarian Gusle-player” by the Slovenian poet Anton Ashkertz offer to the respective national audiences. The analysis bounces off the provocation of the mutual “dislike” of Ashkertz and Vazov so as to project through the textual juxtaposition of the shared by the two poets literary icon of “Vasil Levski” the different functionality of their means of expression
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The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.
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The paper examines for the first time the initial reception of Vasil Levski’s image and significance in the British daily and weekly press in the period 1867 – 1908. Commencing with a curious case of the first appearance of his name in the British press, the paper focusses further on press contributions reporting on a series of Bulgarian state ceremonies and commemorative events that, on the one hand, function as rituals of state iconisation of the Bulgarian national hero Vasil Levski and, on the other hand, exploit his high status for political purposes. In its final part the paper presents the first critical voices in the British press against the political instrumentalisation of Vasil Levski’s image in Bulgaria.
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e need to segregate the true historic personality of Vasil Levski in his undisputed role and pivotal mission of Bulgarian national hero, from the mythical images created by the idiosyncratic viewpoints in different sociopolitical layers of time. The text duly justifies the need to rediscover the real personality of the Bulgarian Apostle of Freedom. The academic study follows the ideological transition of Vasil Levski from conservative nationalism, towards the liberating revolutionary nationalism of the Bulgarian Revival period. The study takes into consideration the indirect ideological impact of Giuseppe Mazzini over Vasil Levski, and follows up the unique application of the Mazzinist concepts of revolutionary nationalism in the specific Bulgarian conditions.
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The present paper entitled “Exaltaions about Name: or, Two Contemporary Anthologies Dedicated to the Apostle and Beyond Them” comments the existence/non-existence of interest about the historical figure and life's work of Vasil Levski as a thematic field in Bulgarian poetry in the last few years. The observations, made on the basis of separate works of art, books and virtual sites, are a scientific attempt to outline the profile of current trends. These trends are combining aesthetic and socio-political attitudes towards the figure of the Bulgarian national hero.
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The article at hand deals with projections of Vasil Levski’s image in the self-consciousness of Bessarabian Bulgarians. The resettlement to Bessarabia took place long before the formation of Bulgarian semiological system and significantly prior to the appearance of the Vasil Levski culturologem as its substantial construct. Even though historically the diaspora has come a long way full of assimilation threats with public education in Bulgarian only becoming possible by the end of 1980’s, and the cultural processes together with the interethnic environment being very different from those in the metropolis, still the ethnocultural coordinate system of the young generation of Bessarabian Bulgarians (revealed by means of a directed associative experiment) holds the image of Vasil Levski as a key culturologem for the Bulgarian segment of personosphere of the 10th generation of Bulgarian immigrants in Bessarabia.
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Interviews by Želimir Bojević, with: 1. Halilović, Alija 2. Stojanović, Gordana 3. Spasović, Grujica 4. Lučić , Zoran 5. Matić, Jovanka 6. Pavićević, Borka 7. Karamarković, Leposava 8. Stojadinović, Ljubodrag 9. Suša, Gordana 10. Nenadović, Aleksandar 11. Đorđević, Mirko 12. Mihajlov, Mihajlo 13. Barović, Nikola 14. Stojanović, Lazar 15. Matić, Veran 16. Duve, Freimut 17. Šaponja-Hadžić, Milanka 18. Čupić, Čedomir 19. Trkulja, Jovica 20. Đorđević, Snežana 21. Trebješanin, Žarko 22. Pavlović, Vukašin 23. Milivojević, Snježana
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Interview by Želimir Bojević, with: 1. Bošković, Aleksandar 2. Popov, Nebojša 3. Radovanović, Dobrivoje 4. Veljak, Lino 5. Zajović, Staša 6. Stanovčić, Vojislav 7. Golubović, Zagorka 8. Gruden, Tamara 9. Arsenijević, Vladimir 10. Bogosavljević, Srđan 11. Đorđević, Mirko 12. Lukić, Svetlana 13. Gredelj, Stjepan 14. Simović-Hiber, Ivana 15. Hellman, Matias 16. Lučić-Čavić, Milica 17. Resanović, Aleksandar 18. Biserko, Sonja 19. Savić, Obrad 20. Kandić , Nataša 21. Popović, Đorđe 22. Kovačević-Vučo, Biljana 23. Mlađenović, Lepa 24. David, Filip 25. Perović, Latinka 26. Milosavljević, Olivera 27. Krmpotić, Vesna 28. Milić, Jelena 29. Prpa, Branka 30. Singer, Aca 31. Kovačević, Živorad 32. Janjić, Dušan 33. Pantić, Danijel 34. Barać, Verica 35. Kljajić-Imširović, Jelka 36. Gavanski, Bogdan 37. Matić, Jovanka 38. Tešanović, Jasmina 39. Knežević, Ana 40. Blagojević, Marina 41. Srbljanović, Biljana 42. Jevremović, Zorica
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Celem artykułu jest próba oceny znaczenia uczestnictwa Polski w jednolitym rynku europejskim dla wybranych uwarunkowań mobilności edukacyjnej i zawodowej młodych Polaków. Zasadniczą tezą jest natomiast stwierdzenie, że udział Polski we wspólnotowych programach edukacyjnych zwiększa szanse młodych ludzi na rynku pracy.
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Three main questions are asked in the paper. Firstly: how has the sense of ‘life satisfaction’ and happiness of Poles changed over the period of twenty years between 1991 and 2011? During this period Poland has experienced substantial growth of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, but is Polish society becoming happier and more satisfied with life? Secondly: what is the level of subjective well-being individuals commonly perceived as losers (older, poorly educated and unemployed) in comparison with people who objectively appear to be winners (well-educated, in low middle age, employed)? Thirdly: how has the subjective well-being of unemployed, older and poorly educated people changed during this twenty year period between 1991 and 2011? Some authors suggest that because happiness became something everybody want, it is a core value of society, and it lays the basis for our modern welfare state. Because happiness represents an individual right, individual and societal aim, it is crucial to discover and scrutinise relations between the individual level of happiness, and the impact on it resulting from a variety of factors. It might be true that simple application of happiness economics to policy making would be unreasonable. But still if we agree that happiness constitutes a good life for individuals and thereby also a good society, it is important to collect, analyse and include this type of information for the purpose of policy making.
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The aim of this chapter is to endeavour a summary of the road travelled in the space of two decades after 1989 (with all the political and economic transformations and modernisation which they brought) by social work in Poland within the meaning of a qualified service provided by social workers within the structure of the social welfare system. And likewise to ponder the current situation and condition of social workers as a professional group.
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The paper aims at summarizing the main trends and based on that to draw recommendations on the opportunities for the future development of Bulgarian international trade. It fi rstly discusses some of the main transformations and trends in the current global system of international economic relations which affect Bulgarian international trade. Then it summarizes the general trends in the dynamics of the country’s trade fl ows, assesses the economy’s openness and dependence on international trade and discusses the changes in the commodity structure of trade. To conclude the analysis an index of the terms of trade is calculated and Bulgaria’s results are compared to the results for EU-28. The paper ends with a summary of the main conclusions and recommendations.
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The aim of this report is to analyze and assess the post-crisis trends in Bulgaria’s foreign trade and to outline their impact on its improving competitiveness. The aim is achieved by analysis on the current account of the country resulting in the outline of the structural changes and the positive trends in the foreign trade, both in product and in geographic terms. Improving Bulgarian competitiveness is also confi rmed by the analysis of the country‘s positions in the World Economic Forum‘s Global Competitiveness Report. Based on it, the main competitive advantages and disadvantages of the Bulgarian economy are examined.
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In the dynamically changing modern world, work and employment call for a new approach on the behalf of the employers and society, as well as for rethinking of the meaning we put into the concept of job quality and job wellbeing. Competition for highly qualifi ed professionals on an European and on a global scale transforms working conditions into one of the key aspects that make an position attractive. It is also one of the key factors for developing and retaining talented professionals. The paper contains an analysis of data and guidelines for the development of the concept of working conditions in the Republic of Bulgaria as a model for improving workplaces and making them desired by Bulgarian citizens, by the Bulgarians emigrants abroad and by the foreigners seeking employment in the Bulgarian economy.
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Basic features of the digital age and their impact on human capital are presented. The paradigms of the contemporary business environment and the opposite perspectives on the future are summarized: fear – abundance. The analysis of the different opinions of the authors surveyed on digital literacy leads to the identifi cation of 5 key complementary perspectives. A model is presented by which organizations can evaluate their overall digital literacy status.
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Typically, dreams refl ect the achievement of a better and desirable state that can be considered as a form of development. One possible typology of different views of a desirable state is through the prism of values as criteria for choice and motivating factors of behavior. The present study aims to reveal the specifi cs of the value orientations of Bulgarian respondents with the help of Schwarz’s internationally approved structural model of the basic values .The research seeks to address the question of how individual values relate to perceiving the importance of personal development and resources as time and money that people are willing to devote to it. The study covers 417 respondents and its methodology is based on a survey that includes the Schwarz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ).
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The report outlines the current characteristics and priorities of the management of sustainable development. Presented is an administrative regulatory framework for sustainable development. Defined are arguments on actual results of the implementation of the objectives of sustainable development in EU. An analysis of the priorities, policies and goals of the sustainable development of the Republic of Bulgaria has been made. Emphasis is placed on global insecurity, digitalisation and cybersecurity
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The author conducted an internal investigation in order to determine the level of maturity in regards to ILCM within the company. In parallel, an external investigation on selected companies’ best practices research was also initiated by the author in the area of ILCM. Various organizations in the power plant / energy industry and similar industries segments having product or business profi les similar to ALSTOM Thermal Power were researched and documented, including internet, own public information and selected company interviews. All of this work was complemented by an additional investigation of academia, scientifi c conferences and management literatures.
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