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Вопрос омонимии в марийском языке

Author(s): Elena Lastočkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The problem of differentiation of homonymy and polysemy is very urgent, facing us mostly when homonyms appear as a result of a semantic split of a polysemantic word. There are several ways of differentiation between polysemy and homonymy: lexical, morphological, semantic and others. Thus, one of the main tasks in examining the relations between polysemy and homonymy is the definition of the criteria for such differentiation. The current classification for Mari homonyms divides them into lexical homonyms, homoforms, homophones, and homographs.

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Processing modifier-head agreement in long Finnish words: Evidence from eye movements

Author(s): Seppo Vainio,Raymond Bertram,Anneli Pajunen,Jukka Hyönä / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The present study investigates whether processing of an inflected Finnish noun is facilitated when preceded by a modifier in the same case ending. In Finnish, modifiers agree with their head nouns both in case and in number and the agreement is expressed by means of suffixes (e.g., vanha/ssa talo/ssa ‘old/in house/in’ → ‘in the old house’). Vainio et al. (2003; 2008) showed processing benefits for this kind of modifier-head agreement, when the head nouns were relatively short. However, the effect showed up relatively late in the processing stream, such that word n + 1, the word following the target noun talo/ssa, was read faster when it was preceded by an agreeing modifier (vanha/ssa) than when no modifier was present. This led Vainio et al. to the conclusion that agreement exerts its effect at a later stage, namely at the level of syntactic integration and not at the level of lexical access. The current study investigates whether the same holds when head nouns are considerably longer (e.g., kaupungin/talo/ssa ‘city house/in’ → ‘in the city hall’). Our results show that the effect of agreement is facilitative in case of longer head nouns as well, but—in contrast to what was found for shorter words—the effect not only appeared late, but was also observed in earlier processing measures. It thus seems that, in processing long words, benefits related to modifier-head agreement are not confined to post-lexical syntactic integration processes, but extend to lexical identification of the head.

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Тийт-Рейн Вийтсо 80

Author(s): Väino Klaus / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

Tiit-Rein Viitso 80

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Multiple-clause constituent questions: intonation and variation in Hungarian

Author(s): Louise Mycock / Language(s): English Issue: 2-3/2010

When a question phrase bears a grammatical function in a subordinate clause but the interrogativity it introduces extends over a higher clause, there are two main possibilities in Hungarian: (i) the question phrase appears preverbally in the clause over which it takes scope, or (ii) the question phrase appears in the subordinate clause while the scope of interrogativity is indicated by the presence of another question phrase in the higher clause (the scope-marking construction). In order to understand the features shared by these two types of question and the ways in which they differ, this article explores the intonation of these types of multiple-clause constituent questions in Hungarian. The results of experimental investigation are reported and discussed, and the significance of these findings is evaluated in the context of wider typological variation in the formation of multiple-clause constituent questions.

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Zsigmond Simonyi (1853–1919)

Author(s): László Honti / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2008

Zsigmond Simonyi was the most influential Hungarian linguist of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. He acquired wide and deep professional knowledge at various universities in Hungary and abroad. His work was influenced by Neogrammarian ideas but his attitude to them was also critical to the necessary extent. This is demonstrated by the fact that he studied the contacts between Hungarian and the languages spoken in neighbouring countries in the wake of Schuchardt’s ideas. He was a Neogrammarian by education, but his views on historical linguistics were more modern, more akin to those of the younger generation of Neogrammarians. Thus, unlike most representatives of the classical Neogrammarian school, he did not restrict his attention to the phonological aspects of language change. Rather, he also studied larger units like phrases or sentences, as well as semantics. He attached special importance to discussing phenomena of the current spoken language, especially those of the various dialects, to keep track of linguistic facts as evidence for changes that have taken place. The enormous “Historical dictionary of Hungarian” that he co-authored with Gábor Szarvas has retained its value as a source of information to the present day, and continues to be an indispensable tool in research on etymology and historical linguistics.

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Пермские наречия на -ла: историко-генетические и ареальные аспекты

Author(s): Galina Fedyuneva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The origin of Permian adverbs with a la-element in their structure is considered. The adverbs are divided into three groups that may be associated with different periods of the formation of l-cases in the Permian and Mari languages.

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Елизар Мустаев (04. 04. 1934 — 30. 08. 2018). In Memoriam

Author(s): Jelena Lastočkina,Valeri Maksimov,Oleg Sergejev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2018

Jelizar Mustajev (1948—2018)

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«Беседы об истинном Боге и истиной вере на наречии обских остяков» (1900) святого Макария: именная морфология

Author(s): Sergey V. Kovylin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (31)/2018

The paper presents a morphological description of one of the first written monuments in Southern Selkup, recorded by Bishop Macarius. The first solid comments and handling of the script were made by Hartmut Katz. Nevertheless, until now there was no consistent and structural analysis of its morhology. The paper deals with the description of the following categories: number, case, possessivity, animateness / inanimateness. It also discusses predicative, adjectival and adverbial noun forms and noun formation. In addition, the data obtained were analyzed in comparison with the well described morphology of the Southern, Central and Northern Selkup dialects.

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Проблема «язык или диалект» и самодийские языки

Author(s): Yuri B. Koryakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (31)/2018

The work evaluates whether varieties in each of three Samoyedic subgroups (Nenets, Enets and Selkup) are separate languages or dialects. Sociolinguistic and structural criteria, as well lexicostatistic data, are used for the evaluation. The conclusion is that linguistically there are two Nenets, one Enets and at least two Selkup languages. 100-word Swadesh lists for the language varieties evaluated are provided in the Appendix.

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Графико-фонетический анализ архивного словаря пелымского диалекта мансийского языка… о. Константина Словцова

Author(s): Natalia Kosheliuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (31)/2018

The article considers the graphical and phonetic features of one of the Mansi written monuments of the 20th century and compares them to the dictionary of Artturi Kannisto. After taking into account these features archaic and innovative features of the Pelym dialect recorded in 1905 in the village of Upper Pelym of the Ivdel district of Sverdlovsk region were established.

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Есть ли дифтонги в орочонском языке?

Author(s): Olga N. Morozova,Svetlana V. Androsova,Valerij S. Gibalin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (31)/2018

One of the contradictory issues in the Orochon phonology is the absence / presence of diphthongs. Within the theoretical study conducted, we compared the Orochon phonological system with the Chinese and acquired the information about phonological systems of other Tungus-Manchu languages that are closely related to Orochon - first of all, the Evenki language. Our experimental study aimed at analyzing acoustic features of the Orochon tokens where groups of vowels could possibly be formed and comparing them to the ones in Evenki. The major finding was that in the Oroqen Autonomous Banner dialect, the deletion of intervocalic /j/, /w/ and /ɡ/ caused /ea/, /ua/, and /uə/ vowel-group forming that might enter the vowel system as diphthongs in the nearest future. The same deletion occurred in Lesser Khingan dialect of Orochon leading to long vowel forming. In the Evenki Selemdzha sub-dialect, no deletion of the intervocalic consonants was found.

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Дискуссионная заметка к статье О. Н. Морозовой, С. В. Андросовой, В. С. Гибалина «Есть ли дифтонги в орочонском языке?

Author(s): Anna Vladimirovna Dybo / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (31)/2018

Обсуждаемая статья представляет интерес уже тем, что в ней демонстрируются результаты экспери- ментального фонетического исследования по тунгусо-маньчжурским языкам. Такие исследования, как и вообще тунгусоведческие работы, довольно редки и заслуживают всяческого внимания.

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С. А. Максимов, Северноудмуртско-коми ареальные языковые параллели: лексика, фонетика, морфология, Ижевск 2018

Author(s): L. V. Busygina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2019

Review on: С. А. Максимов, Северноудмуртско-коми ареальные языковые параллели: лексика, фонетика, морфология, Ижевск 2018

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Frequency and prototypicality determine variation in the Hungarian verbal 1 SG.INDEF

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Frequency and prototypicality determine variation in the Hungarian verbal 1 SG.INDEF

Author(s): Péter Rácz / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

I provide a synchronic account of the variation between the marked and unmarked forms of the 1SG.INDEF of Hungarian (-ik) verbs; verbs that end in (-ik) in the 3SG.INDEF. I use a generalised mixed-effects regression analysis to explore how these forms vary in an extensive sample of the language, the Hungarian Webcorpus. I find that verbs' preference for the marked/unmarked form is determined by their lemma frequency and their prototypicality as members of the (-ik) class. These results are consistent with a morphological levelling account of variation in Hungarian verbal morphology, in which verbs migrate away from the minority (-ik) class and into the majority regular class. This suggests a picture of variation in Hungarian verbs that is shaped by lexical organisation, morphophonology, and social dynamics.

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Interactions between Segmental Context and Quantity: Temporal Patterns of Geminates in Estonian

Author(s): Helen Türk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

This study investigates segmental level contextual effects on the acoustic realization of the phonological three-way consonantal quantity contrast. The durational patterns of intervocalic consonants in three quantity degrees are studied as a function of the quality of the consonant and the surrounding vowels. It is generally found in different languages that the main correlate of consonantal quantity or gemination is duration: geminates are longer than single consonants. The durations of underlying segments are also conditioned by their intrinsic properties, i.e., place and manner of articulation, which can interact with quantity. In this paper, the relationship between segmental characteristics and quantity is studied by measuring the durations of different consonants in the three quantity degrees characteristic of the phonetic system of the Estonian language. The results show that in all quantities bilabial consonants are longer than alveolars and velars while obstruents are shorter than sonorants. In Q1 the intrinsic durations of consonants are the most distinctive, in Q2 and Q3 the durations of different obstruents move closer to each other, while the durations of sonorants retain their distinctiveness. Although vocalic context tends to even out these intrinsic characteristics of consonants, they are still somewhat preserved at the level of quantity.

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Названия налима (Lota Lota) в марийских диалектах

Author(s): Elena Voronina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2019

The article is about the analysis of the designations of burbot (Lota Lota) in Mari dialects. Tha analysis has allowed to determine six naming units of which one is of Finno-Ugric origin (шамба), two are of Mari orgin (мокшынчо, шiмгол) and one is Russian (налим). The question of the origin of the fish names мен and лямбе remains open.

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Salis-Livisch I. J. A. Sjögrens Manuskript. Ediert, glossiert und übersetzt von Eberhard Winkler und Karl Pajusalu, Wiesbaden 2016. Salis-Livisch II. Grammatik und Wörterverzeichnis... verfasst von Eberhard Winkler und Karl Pajusalu, Wiesbaden 2018

Author(s): Väino Klaus / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Review on: Salis-Livisch I. J. A. Sjögrens Manuskript. Ediert, glossiert und übersetzt von Eberhard Winkler und Karl Pajusalu, Wiesbaden 2016 (Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica. Band 88). Salis-Livisch II. Grammatik und Wörterverzeichnis. Mit einem Anhang zu den salis-livischen Sprichwörtern. Auf der Grundlage von J. A. Sjögrens Sprachmaterialien verfasst von Eberhard Winkler und Karl Pajusalu, Wiesbaden 2018 (Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica. Band 89)

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А. В. Камитова, Переводная литература христианского просвещения в удмуртском языке XIX — начала XX в.: история развития, жанровое своеобразие и переводческие стратегии, Ижевск 2017

Author(s): Leonid M. Ivshin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2019

Review of: А. В. Камитова, Переводная литература христианского просвещения в удмуртском языке XIX — начала XX в.: история развития, жанровое своеобразие и переводческие стратегии, Ижевск 2017

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Вариации в использовании модальных частиц в литературном удмуртском языке и в бесермянском диалекте

Author(s): Iuliia Zubova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (35)/2019

In the article, I analyze the quantitative difference in the use of Udmurt modal particles in three corpora — the corpus of Udmurt press, the corpus of Udmurt blogs and the spoken corpus of the Beserman dialect of the Udmurt language. The aim is to test if the corpus analysis confirms the claims about more frequent use of modal particles in spoken language and about the peculiarity of the syntactic position of particles in the analytical negative verbal construction. The analysis shows that the particle ik ‘the same, after allʼ demonstrates a pattern different from the other three most frequent particles (nʼi ‘alreadyʼ, na ‘yetʼ, uk ‘you knowʼ) in its distribution across monologic texts characterized by different modes of communication (written, computermediated, spoken). It also shows a specific pattern of usage within the analytical negative verbal construction.

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Отражение консонантизма салымского диалекта хантыйского языка… в графической системе словаря А. М. Шегрена

Author(s): Timofey V. Timkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (35)/2019

The Salym dialect is of special interest for Khanty dialectology, because it is heterogeneous and combines both East Khanty and West Khanty features. The paper considers one of the earliest lexicographic descriptions of the dialect from the A. Sjögren’s archives (first half of 19th century). The paper discusses characteristics of the earliest documentation of consonants in the dictionary that are necessary for its comparison with other literature on the matter. Some observations about Khanty consonants development are made based on the material.

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