Wybrane ludowe wierzenia o zwierzętach domowych w polskiej frazeologii

Author(s): Olga Kielak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Extending the boundaries of linguistic description by including the so-called “peri-linguistic” data, as practised in ethnolinguistic research, the paper analyses selected phraseological units with an animal component (expressions, nominal phrases and comparative expressions) and situates them in a broader cultural context. The examples selected for analysis demonstrate that phraseological expressions – constituting hard linguistic data which enable the “certification of features” – through the reconstructions of linguo-cultural representations provide access to “soft” (folkloristic and ethnographic) data. In addition, the conducted analyses confirm the prevalent opinion that phraseological units are an excellent source for research into traditional culture; they also encourage interdisciplinary research (at the border of linguistics and ethnography).

Nazwy nowych inwestycji mieszkaniowych w Poznaniu i na przedmieściach Poznania

Author(s): Agnieszka Kijak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article presents names of residential investments located in the capital of Wielkopolska and in its suburbs. The onomastic material was excerpted from the web sites: https:// rynekpierwotny.pl/ and https://bliskopoznania.pl/. The author of the article made an attempt to classify and analyze names of 240 residential investments. The analysis shows that Polish (native), foreign and mixed names can be distinguished in terms of structure. Also, the presented names can be divided into semantic groups. The excerpted material is dominated by names based on existing street names and names of villages and towns. An important group comprises characterizing names, especially referring to nature and based on metaphors. Moreover, noteworthy are ambiguous and intertextual names as well as names whose role is related to expressions encouraging people to buy a flat in a chosen investment.

K potenciálnej variantnosti číslovkových tvarov dvojstý, dvestý

Author(s): Ivana Šrámeková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 5/2023

In the article the author focuses on two pairs of ordinal numerals, namely dvojstý (codified) – dvestý (uncodified) and dvojtisíci (codified) – dvetisíci (uncodified). The main goal is to assess whether the given pairs could be classified as lexical variants. The mentioned pairs are therefore analyzed on the basis of corpus data in terms of their frequency and collocation. Morphematic and word-forming segmentation of the analyzed expressions and focus on selected types of denumeral derivatives (numerical nouns, multiple ordinal numerals) and the frequency analysis of derivatives and composites with the forms dv-oj-, dv-e- a dv-a- are presented in the article too. Based on the corpus and word-formation analyses the author then summarizes the facts that can be perceived as those supporting the variability of the mentioned expressions, and, on the contrary, those that are against this variability.

Slovotvorná a syntaktická problematika kompozitných prídavných mien so slovotvornou štruktúrou podstatné meno + činné príčastie

Author(s): Ingrid Hrubaničová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 5/2023

Novšie významové vzťahy medzi výrazmi rukávnik, rukávik, rukáv

Author(s): Silvia Duchková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 5/2023

Dilemmas of online video review genre: An attempt at describing genre complexity in Polish and German linguistics

Author(s): Anna Hanus,Agnieszka Kallaus / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of the article is to examine the changes in the genre pattern of review resulting from its expansion to a new online communication medium, i.e. the YouTube platform. The case study of two video reviews comprising four levels of analysis (structural, pragmatic, thematic-cognitive and stylistic) aims to compare the canonical version of the arts review and its modern online variants. The authors attempt to determine whether online video film reviews could be regarded as manifestations of the review genre evolution, intermedial adaptation, its genre pattern transformation, or – perhaps – the development of a distinct genre, characteristic of online communication only. Contrastive analysis based on selected methods of Polish linguistic genre studies applied in the context of German text type linguistics is intended to extend the scope of the ongoing research on genre with aspects of Polish and German research perspectives.

Stan badań nad socjolektem piłkarskim (przegląd literatury polskojęzycznej) – część druga

Author(s): Wojciech Żęgota / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Poniższy artykuł stanowi drugą część podsumowania stanu badań nad socjolektem piłkarskim. Jak zaznaczyłem w części pierwszej, moim nadrzędnym celem jest próba całościowego scharakteryzowania tej środowiskowej odmiany języka polskiego. Nie będzie to jednak możliwe bez uprzedniego dokonania przeglądu polskojęzycznej literatury, która powstała na ten temat. Uwagi metodologiczne i terminologiczne zostały poczynione we wstępie do poprzedniego artykułu (Żęgota 2021: 303–305), dlatego teraz mogę przystąpić do referowania kolejnych publikacji poświęconych socjolektom piłkarskim.

Pogranicza oficjalności i nieoficjalności w korespondencji elektronicznej nauczycieli

Author(s): Anna Piechnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article presents the area on the fringes of the official and unofficial styles in electronic correspondence sent by teachers to parents. The research material consists of e-mails sent by 112 teachers to multiple addressees – groups of parents of students from over a dozen schools at various levels of education. For the purposes of the study, a survey on teachers’ electronic communication was also conducted in 2022 among 370 educators. In the questionnaires, teachers declared their attention to adapting the linguistic shape of an electronic letter to the patterns known from traditional official paper correspondence (including the use of initial and final formal polite formulas or signing their messages with name and surname). E-mailing was considered the most common form of contact with parents, a form which required special care for the linguistic side of the text. Authentic texts of e-mails show that the actual outcomes diverge considerably from teachers’ declarations. The politeness frame of the scrutinized e-mails rarely contains official formulas, and the traditional distance typical of contacts between parties remaining in a formal relationship is also broken with the use of colloquial vocabulary and emoticons. The teachers’ statements indicate that electronic letters addressed to parents with whom the contact is difficult remain more official, while they are more willing to send messages without official markers to groups of parents who are friendly. This may point to a new function of officiality which denotes deprecation, and a different evaluation of this category, diverging from the traditional one.

Leksyka morska w słowniku rosyjsko-polskim Piotra Dubrowskiego jako punkt wyjścia do badań chronologizacyjnych polskich terminów marynistycznych

Author(s): Jolanta Mędelska,Piotr Wierzchoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The authors discussed the development of maritime lexis in Russian and Polish, pointing out a great preponderance of Russian over Polish instances which lasted until the interwar period. They analysed 70 entries with the qualifier w Marynarce [maritime] (letters K–L) in a 19th-century Russian-Polish dictionary. They found that the editor had managed to select Polish equivalents for only 22 Russian terms (31%), with the remainder provided only with descriptions of meaning. Using sources available today, the authors identified 74 translations for 48 Russian units left untranslated and subjected them to chronological analysis. They found that 16 of them were in use in Dubrowski’s times, seven of which for a very long time prior to the date of publication of his dictionary. The others appeared only after the dictionary was published, the majority (42) as late as 1920–1939, with seven more appearing even later.

Realizacja reguł gatunku w formie kolekcji w konkretnym przewodniku

Author(s): Maria Wojtak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The application of methods of genological analysis in relation to a specific text allows for a formulation of hypotheses about its genre and discursive identity, which broadens the research perspectives of descriptive genology. The analysed text is characterised by an intricate structure, combining a chain and box compositions that may be discovered by referring to the concept of genre in the form of a collection. It includes a profiled description of sanctuaries in a creatively modified convention of Bedeker descriptions and encourages readers to visit specific churches as architectural monuments and places of worship, juxtaposing the perspectives of tourism and pilgrimage. The analysis of a specific text gains a broader cognitive perspective in the article. It allows for reflections, which supplement knowledge about the categories functioning in descriptive genology, such as: genre in the form of a collection, relations between text and genre, as well as between text, genre and discourse, text mosaic and text collage, genre and text hybridizatio and a tourist guidebook as a genre of speech.

Społeczność polska „pograniczy wewnętrznych” na przełomie wieków XX i XXI. Przemiany kulturowo-tożsamościowe

Author(s): Halina Kurek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The objective of the article is to present the changes that, after 1989, and particularly after 2004, occurred in the language and culture of the Polish communities living in the internal (territorial, virtual and individual) borderlands and their influence on the cultural identity of Poles. These changes are discussed based on materials collected in southern Poland (in the regins of Nowy Sącz and Podhale) and in the Low Beskid mountains in southeastern Poland. By ‘internal (psychological, individual) borderland’ within a country, the author refers to the contact between two linguistic and cultural complexes: the rural and the municipal one, as well as the virtual borderland of two cultures: the national and the regional, i.e. local culture (related to one’s identity), and techno-managerial culture, which has a global range.

Patryk Borowiak: Polskie i bułgarskie firmonimy w perspektywie komunikacyjno-wizualnej.

Author(s): Agnieszka Kijak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Review of: Patryk Borowiak: Polskie i bułgarskie firmonimy w perspektywie komunikacyjno-wizualnej. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. Poznań 2021, ss. 288.

Bibliografia „Prac Językoznawczych” za lata 2018–2022

Author(s): Katarzyna Witkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Bibliography of “Papers in Lingusitics” for the years 2018–2022. „Prace Językoznawcze” tom XX/1.

Erinnerungen an Akademiemitglied Professor Dr. Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič Ivánov anlässlich seines fünften Todestages

Author(s): Rainer Eckert / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

Born on August 21, 1929 in Moscow, Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov died on October 7, 2017 in Los Angeles. The beginning of an unprecedented scientific career of Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich was interrupted by a ruthless political campaign of the MGU management in 1959, which ended with Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich‘s expulsion from the university. Those in power at the time condemned Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov for his public negation of the official verdict on the novel by B.L. Pasternak Doctor Živago and in support of the scientific views of the world-renowned linguist prof. dr. Roman Osipovic Jacobson. The life and work of VYACHESLAV VSEVOLODOVICH IVANOV, based on the many languages and the literatures that existed through them, which he re-searched and communicated to people (and especially to student youth) in a rarely encountered way, were through a constant intrusion in science about man and in art and closely linked with a deep humanism and an exemplary empathy. From the Editor. The memoirs of the famous German baltist Rainer Eckert about Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of World Culture at Moscow State University and professor in the Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures at the University of California, an outstanding scholar of encyclopedic outlook, are dedicated to the fifth anniversary of his death. The Memoirs of Prof. Rainer Eckert are published without changes, with the author‘s references to the books and articles mentioned in the text.

Didaktické průsečíky mezi češtinou jako prvním a druhým jazykem v kontextu učebnice češtiny jako druhého jazyka Paráda! Učíme se česky

Author(s): Silvie Převrátilová,Kateřina Šormová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

Východiskem pro vznik učebnice Paráda! Učíme se česky (Převrátilová a kol., 2022; dále jen Paráda) byla situace žáků s odlišným mateřským jazykem (žáků s OMJ) na českých školách z hlediska obsahu výuky (ekonomické a organizační aspekty výuky nerodilých mluvčích ponechme v tomto textu stranou). Žáci s OMJ se vzdělávají podle kurikula pro rodilé mluvčí, tedy podle platných rámcových vzdělávacích programů (RVP). RVP jsou dokumenty, které stanovují základní cíle a obsah vzdělávání pro určitý stupeň vzdělávacího systému, slouží jako závazná vodítka pro školy, učitele a další účastníky vzdělávacího procesu, aby mohli plánovat, realizovat a hodnotit vzdělávací aktivity. RVP definují, co by studenti měli v určitém věku nebo na určitém stupni vzdělávání umět a znát, což definují tzv. očekávané výstupy. Přestože už v roce 2021 MŠMT uveřejnilo Kurikulum češtiny jako druhého jazyka pro předškolní a základní vzdělávání (Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy, 2021), které v oblasti základního vzdělávání zahrnuje podrobně rozpracovaný vzdělávací obsah pro deset tematických celků a dvě jazykové úrovně s ohledem na situaci nerodilého mluvčího, nejedná se o závazný dokument a žáci, jejichž mateřštinou není čeština, jsou vzděláváni podle stejného kurikula (tedy RVP) jako rodilí mluvčí češtiny. Toto tvrzení se nevztahuje na úvodní začátečnické kurzy češtiny jako druhého jazyka, ale na žáky běžně integrované do tříd.

Towards a new future in (West and East) Slavonic?

Author(s): Alexander Andrason / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article demonstrates that the rule according to which perfective verbs are incompatible with the future auxiliary ‘be’ in West and East Slavonic languages is less strict than has been claimed in scholarship. In colloquial Polish and in less standard varieties of Upper and Lower Sorbian, as well as in Australian Russian, the ‘be’ auxiliary may be combined with perfective verbs. Such future perfective constructions with the ‘be’ auxiliary arise because of analogical pressures, language internal and/or external. The Polish perfective future with ‘be’ instantiates furthermore an analogy-driven SVC – an additional fourth source of SVCs across languages.

Spisovný jazyk a vývoj národnej jednoty Slovákov

Author(s): Juraj Dolník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The study is a response to the question: How has this society developed since the time of Ľ. Štúr from the point of view of the dynamics of national unity conditioned by the democratization of standard Slovak? For the development of the Slovak nation in the light of this language, democratization was of decisive importance, namely the control of the codified standard, and therefore linguistic correctness, and language-communication normality. The democratization of the codified norm and thus linguistic correctness has become the basis of the perception of language culture and a means of integrating the Slovaks as a national collective, ensuring their formal unity. The direction of the democratization of linguistic correctness is the optimal language culture as the control of a codified standard by basically every Slovak, but the democratization of the standard language also leads to the fact that it becomes the general mother tongue and natural linguistic correctness, i.e. natural language culture, is gradually enforced. This correctness and this culture are already manifestations of the transition of the national collective into a development phase of deeper – content, "true" (according to Štúr) – unity and shifting attention from language to communication culture. In this phase, national collective solidarity was deepened by the inclusion of communication and society, involving the cultivation of a sense of linguistic collectivity. The democratization of language-communication normality, which takes place as the expansion of the circle of "intimate language experts" in the implementation of the adaptive potential of the language, in which the peculiarity of the mental culture – the "spirit of the nation" –is manifested, is of fundamental importance for the turning point in the reorientation of the speakers of the standard language towards the communication culture. At this stage of development, the optimization of language culture grows into the optimization of communication culture governed by the principle of inclusion. In the Slovak language community, the discourse on authentic communication culture, based on a sense of collective identity, is becoming relevant.

Slovenská vlogosféra v kontexte jazykových prostriedkov a komunikačných aspektov (so zameraním na anglicizmy)

Author(s): Romana Krolčíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The Slovak vlogosphere is a communication virtual space, in which linguistic and paralinguistic means of language, as well as various forms of verbal and nonverbal communication in the context of the domestic communication environment, have become conventionalized. In this context, vloggers, who record and publish videos via the online YouTube portal, are characterized by a significant variability of means of expression, especially in the area of emotional and expressive expressions, which manifest one of the forms of expression of the individual identity presented in their videos. The aim of the article is to present the key communication features of the video blog, influencing the use of language means in the monitored communications. We find out how these characteristics influence the use of linguistic means. These features are described and demonstrated with authentic examples, focusing on the use of Anglicisms.

Русско-чешские субстантивные межъязыковые омонимы в экономико-юридической лексике

Author(s): Marta Vágnerová / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2017

The issue of Russian-Czech interlingual homonyms has been developed inadequately systematically and only in part. The aim of our thesis is to examine some semantic unusualness of Russian-Czech substantive interlingual homonyms in economic and legal lexicon to show the ways in which they originate and to contribute to the clarification and extension of knowledge about this language phenomenon. The basic methods are the descriptive and comparative method, the diachronic-synchronous analysis of the collected corpus of homonymous pairs. The article proposes a refined classification of Russian-Czech interlingual homonyms in terms of the expression plan. There are three cases from the point of view of the form: homonymous pair consisting of only Russian lexemes, only Czech lexemes or both Russian and Czech. By analyzing the content plan it was found out that the lexemes which are members of the homonymous pairs, were originally the same, but due to the development of the meaning of the words, there had been semantic changes that led to the emergence of interlingual homonymy. The lexemes under investigation have a significant shift, narrowing or widening of meaning, to semantic differentiation in the acquisition of internationalism. In two cases, homonymy was caused by a random sound match.

Kompozitné pomenovania s internacionálnymi numerálnymi komponentmi v slovenčine

Author(s): Martin Ološtiak,Slavka Oriňáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The article deals with compounds with international numerical components in Slovak, e.g. kilogram, nanofarad, monografia 'monograph', polysémia 'polysemy'. These components are defined as bound morphemes with full lexical meaning that can be combined with words (nanotechnológia 'nanotechnology', unilaterálny 'unilateral'), or with bound morphemes (trilógia 'trilogy', pentatlon 'pentathlon'). The former type of compounds is referred to as semi-compounds, the latter as quasi-compounds. The article is structured into four basic sections (apart from introductory notes and conclusions). Methodological background is presented in section 2 where fundamental notions are introduced (including an overview of the principles of word-formation motivation and the classification of compounds). The study of 48 components (i.e. combining forms called baseoids) is presented in the form of "microentries" with information on etymology, semantics, word-formation, frequency (corpus-based data), collocability and the treatment of these entries in selected Slovak dictionaries. In this way two types of combining forms are considered: a) SI metric prefixes: 24 components that signify decimal powers ranging from 10–30 to 1030, e.g. mili-, centi-, kilo-, mega- etc. (section 3); b) non-SI elements: other 24 components with numerical meanings (from "one" to "nine", "half", "many"), e.g. mono-, uni-, tri-, poly- etc. (section 4). Finally, section 5 summarizes corpus data on frequency, examines paradigmatic relations (lexical fields, synonymy, antonymy), polysemy and orthography, and characterizes communication status (words with international combining forms are typical for the languages for specific purposes, i.e. language of science and technology).