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Anny Wierzbickiej key words a kulturemy: porównywanie języków – porównywanie kultur?

Author(s): Alicja Nagórko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article presents issues related to the perception of Anna Wierzbicka’s semantic theory; in particular, it refers to its criticism by Daniel Weiss. For Wierzbicka, language is the key to ethnic culture, which, despite the negative reactions of some Western linguists, seems indisputable and is widely accepted by researchers of the so-called linguistic worldview. In this article, instead of key words, a less ambiguous term cultureme is proposed, and the way of the analysis is illustrated by two Polish culturemes: schabowy (a rough equivalent of ‘porc chop’) and cham (a rough equivalent of ‘boor’).

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Z problematyki przesunięć chronologizacyjnych w Wielkim słowniku języka polskiego PAN

Author(s): Jan Wawrzyńczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The author examines methodological issues concerning the dating of entries in the digital-only “Wielki słownik języka polskiego PAN” (available at www.wsjp.pl). While searching for “birthdates” of particular words, the creators of this valuable source, under construction at the moment, focus on dictionary sources. Unfortunately, these are mainly monolingual dictionaries and only rarely multilingual dictionaries or (which is even more important) texts that do not come from dictionaries, e.g. literary, scientific, press, etc. Determining the chronology of Polish vocabulary continues to be a challenge that requires considerable scientific effort.

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Rektorka, dziekana, kanclerka. Męskie i żeńskie nazwy kobiet zatrudnionych na stanowiskach uniwersyteckich w świetle badania ankietowego

Author(s): Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2021

The goal of the paper is to examine the use of feminine and masculine names of functions, positions and scholarly degrees by female teachers employed at universities. The data were obtained in a questionnaire study carried out towards the end of 2020 and administered to 228 women from 15 Polish universities. The respondents declare a more frequent use of masculine than feminine forms, in formal language in particular, employ more often already existing feminitives than new derivatives and accept more willingly new nouns with the -ka suffix than those derived through a change in the inflectional paradigm. Masculine forms are used predominantly by the respondents with the Master’s degree and full professors, less frequently by those with the doctoral and postdoctoral degrees. The shorter the period of the participants’ employment at the university, the more feminine terms they use. The reverse also holds true – the longer period of employment means a decrease in the use of feminitives and an increase of masculine forms

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Mieszkańcy i mieszkanki – symetryczne informowanie o płci jako przejaw języka niedyskryminującego

Author(s): Anna Niepytalska-Osiecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2021

The word connections informing about the gender in asymmetric way appear recently in a various written and spoken texts. The splitting already has been used in the interwar period. Subsequently, it was associated mainly with the feminist discourse. Now it goes beyond this feminist discourse. The splitting can be treated as a manifestation of non-discriminatory attitude of the participants of a given language contact. The aim of the present paper is: (1) showing a various sources in which Polish speakers use a splitting; (2) considering the needs and intentions behind such linguistic behaviour.

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W obronie języka czy w obawie przed zmianą? Manipulacje językowe w prawicowych tekstach publicystycznych o nazwach żeńskich

Author(s): Hubert Jankowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2021

Although the feminine nouns had been a part of Polish language for ages, the category of feminativum still arouse emotions among the users of Polish and in the media. The article is an analysis of right-winged journalistic texts published at the turn of 2019 and 2020. The aim of the analysis is to point out and discuss the language manipulations and eristic techniques appearing in the texts. Author begins with outlining the status and shortly presenting the history of feminine nouns in Polish. Further he sets his research in the context of contemporary journalistic discourse about feminine nouns and defines the methodology he will be using. In the analytical part the author successively points language manipulations and describes eristic techniques using examples from analysed texts. In summary author suggests that the subject of feminine nouns in right-winged press seems to be just an excuse for ideological scuffles.

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Kształtowanie się w polszczyźnie formacji feminatywnych o nacechowaniu pejoratywnym (na przykładzie derywatów formowanych od męskich podstaw na -nik i -arz)

Author(s): Karolina Tomala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2021

The article raises the issue of historical fate of groups of female derivatives devoid of the morphological element -k-, and thus femnative forms created with the use of the -nica and -ara formants. In the text, these units were analyzed against semantically related, but stylistically divergent, lexemes containing the morphological element -k- (en-ding with - (nicz)ka and -(ar)ka, respectively). Both the historical formative motivation of feminative forms without the morphological element -k- (morphological truncation, suffixal derivation), and the mutual influence of lexical units of each group on each other, are the subject of observation. It turns out that between the derivatives formed in the groups mentioned above, there is an analogy of the relationship between feminatives with the morphological element -k- and lexical units without this element. This feature becomes characteristic in Polish language mainly for female names with a negative emotional tinge. The analysis showed that the historical dependencies of lexical units belonging to the discussed groups of derivatives clearly affect the modern Polish language and many tendencies are also reflected in the latest lexis.

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Językowe ujęcie uczuć z kręgu smutku w poemacie Anny Stanisławskiej - Transakcyja albo opisanie całego życia jednej sieroty

Author(s): Magdalena Hawrysz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2021

The study aims to describe the ways of communicating, expressing and conceptualization feelings from the group of sadness in the 17th-century text by Anna Stanisławska Transakcyja albo opisanie całego życia jednej sieroty [Transakcyja or to describe the life of one orphan]. The work is unique in the context of the cultural and social standards of old Poland because it is the first such extensive attempt of secular women’s writing in Polish literature. The diary records the inner experiences of a woman deeply affected by a terrible fate. Ways used to nominate emotions from the group of sadness, the reconstruction of their conceptualization and the characteristics of the artistic means used to convey this feeling allowed for the formulation of several reflections on the author’s originality. They also allowed embedding the text in the literary tradition and show its kinship with the cognitive patterns of the Mediterranean cultural circle.

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Přehled 2014., br. 32.

Author(s): Vladimir Ivić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

Review of: Vladimir Ivić - Přehled 2014., br. 32; Jednota, Daruvar, 2014.

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Die altsorbischen Ortsnamen auf -ici und -ovici

Author(s): Walter Wenzel / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

The Old Sorbian place names ending in -ici and -ovici belong to the oldest strata of place names. They already existed at the time of the gentile society. Their formation is based on the Old Slavonic suffix *-iťь, which expresses close relationship. Old Sorbian *Radomirici meant ‘the people of Radomir’. Once the users of the name no longer relate it to the inhabitants but to the settlement, an inanimate object, the accusative form ending in -ě replaced the nominative form ending in -i. Old Sorbian *Radomiricě meant ‘the settlement of the people of Radomir’. This rule was not always applied in onomastics. It also applies to place names ending in -ěne/-jane, as well as to place names created from the plural forms of personal names, furthermore to the names of tribes.

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Interpretácia kontroverzných aspektov slovenskej syntaxe

Author(s): Marilena Felicia Luță (Țiprigan) / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

Based on our own didactic experience with the 2nd year students of the University of Bucharest, we have identified several controversial aspects when analyzing phrases, sentences and compound sentences, ending in providing alternative interpretations of the syntactic items through the prism of the Romanian students' general linguistic background and specific knowledge of the Slovak Syntax. At the same time, our article reiterates the whole cognitive itinerary that characterizes the Romanian students' linguistic consciousness while being taught Slovak as a foreign language. From this perspective, syntax is the key to understanding the mechanism of the Slovak language as students are expected to manipulate the linguistic units on the syntagmatic axis and practically apply their theoretic knowledge of Morphology at a superior level aiming at efficient communication skills.

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M. Čechová, M. Spěváčková (Eds.): Od praxe k teorii a zpět ve vyučování češtině (I a II)

Author(s): Iveta Polák Čuchtová,Martin Klimovič / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2021

Review of: Martin Klimovič, Iveta Čuchtová - M. Čechová, M. Spěváčková (eds.): From practice to theory and back in teaching Czech (I and II), Plzeň: Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. 216 s. ISBN 978-80-261-1010-1 (I)

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Vzťah jazyka a zdvorilosti v zrkadle teoretických koncepcií

Author(s): Lucia Anna Trubačová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2016

The main purpose of the paper The Relation of the Language and Politeness in the Reflection of the Theoretical Conceptions is to see the linguistic politeness phenomenon through its various scientific descriptions and explanations which also sheds the light to the scientific tendencies and movements within this field of interest. We presume that the understanding of the phenomenon of linguistic politeness – as one of the key topics in sociolinguistics – may provide also an understanding of the social interaction in general. We seek to embrace comprehensively various approaches, their background, contribution but also the later criticism. We start our exploration with the pre-pragmatic conceptions, which have their roots in Europe of the early 20th century, and with a brief glance to the eastern – Chinese and Japanese – point of view. We continue with the pragmatic approaches which create the base of the current linguistic politeness research. Here we focus closely on the influence of three main pragmatic theories within the three individual subchapters – Robin T. Lakoff and the Logic of Politeness; Geoffrey Leech and his Model of General Pragmatics; Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson and Politeness as One of the Universals of the Language Usage. Apart of these theories we consider also the research of the Japanese and Chinese Politeness – represented by researchers Yuego Gu and Sashiko Ide – which also has its roots within the linguistic pragmatics. The third part of our exploration is focused on the post-pragmatic or postmodern approach to linguistic politeness phenomenon. We look closely at the works of Richard J. Watts and Gino Elen and their interesting findings. In conclusions we consider the main tendencies within the linguistic politeness research while the main tendency seems to be the transition from the modern, objective point of view, to more opened postmodern point of view. In other words, we may see how deductive research methods are slowly being replaced by more inductive ones. The question how to use the theory of emergence within our studies of the politeness phenomenon could be also interesting.

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Despre frecvența verbelor frecventative slovace

Author(s): Marilena Felicia Luță (Țiprigan) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

În acest articol, ne propunem să analizăm verbele frecventative slovace din perspectiva frecvenței, ceea ce conduce, pe de o parte, la o imagine de ansamblu a acestei categorii de verbe și, pe de altă parte, demonstrează stabilitatea și dinamismul limbii slovace ca sistem. Verbele iterative, care fac obiectul acestui articol, au fost recuperate din SLEX99, versiunea digitală a Micului dicţionar al limbii slovace (Krátky slovník slovenského jazyka), publicat la Editura Academiei Slovace în anul 1987, şi reflectă norma limbii slovace-standard.

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Práca a bohatstvo v slovenskej a rumunskej frazeológii

Author(s): Zuzana Kováčová,Ianko Gubani / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

The idioms we use also reflect our social worlds. They come into existence in human work interactions and reflect the degree of wealth attainable through work. In the same way antonyms help delimitate the meaning of a word, so does poverty phraseology help define the idiomatic language of wealth and prosperity. Thus, phraseology serves as a time capsule of the linguistic view of the world and the shared knowledge of a certain group of speakers.

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Slovenské a maďarské neúradné mená slobodných osôb v Dabaši-Šáre a Veňarci v Maďarsku

Author(s): Miroslav Kazík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

In the paper we characterize the unofficial naming system in the villages Dabas-Sara and Vanyarc in Hungary, which were colonized by Slovaks in past. We deal with personal names of single person, which are used in unofficial contact. We analyze functional element of unofficial names.

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Jubileu – 50 de ani de activitate. „Studia Academica Slovaca” (SAS), Centrul de Limba Slovacă pentru Străini

Author(s): Marilena Felicia Luță (Țiprigan) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2015

Scientific life: Jubileu – 50 de ani de activitate „Studia Academica Slovaca” (SAS),Centrul de Limba Slovacă pentru Străini (Marilena Felicia Luță)

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Teodora Alexandru-Dobriţoiu la 80 de ani

Author(s): Anca Irina Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2015

Scientific life: Teodora Alexandru-Dobriţoiu la 80 de ani (Anca Irina Ionescu)

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Odkaz díla Václava Machka soudobé slavistice

Author(s): Ilona Janyšková,Helena Karlíková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2014

The contribution makes a presentation of one of the most important figures of Czech linguists, a scholar in Slavic, Baltic and Indo‐European studies, a professor of the Brno faculty of arts, Václav Machek. In 2014, 120 years passed since his birthday. Václav Machek is known especially as a world‐renowned etymologist, a propagator of the method “Wörter und Sachen” who, thanks to this method, used findings of various scientific fields outside linguistics, particularly from ethnography, cultural history, mythology, botany, mycology, zoology and others. He initiated the founding of the Brno etymological department, one of a kind in the Czech Republic. On concrete examples the contribution shows methods of his etymological work successfully used up to the present day. Finally, samples of his scientific correspondence with renowned linguists document Machek’s position in European and world Slavic studies.

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FRAZEOLOGIZM ILE JEST CUKRU W CUKRZE ORAZ JEGO MODYFIKACJE WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POLSZCZYŹNIE

Author(s): Dorota Połowniak-Wawrzonek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2021

We współczesnym języku polskim występują frazeologizmy, skrzydlate słowa, które powstały pod wpływem filmu, serialu, piosenki, języka polityki, reklamy, popularnych programów telewizyjnych i radiowych. Wśród stałych połączeń słownych wywodzących się z filmu, serialu wyróżniają się tzw. bareizmy.

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NOTATKA LEKSYKOGRAFICZNA O ROKU 1851

Author(s): Jan Wawrzyńczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2021

Piotr Wierzchoń, wraz z którym stworzyłem Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego, dostępny od 2014 r. w Internecie pod adresem www.nfjp.pl (unikatowe w dziejach polskiej leksykografii opracowanie, prezentujące znaczną liczbę – ok. 250 000 – haseł słownikowych ilustrowanych zdaniowymi fotocytatami dokumentacyjnymi) uruchomił niedawno odrębną stronę internetową, poświęconą danym jednego tylko roku: www.1851.pl. Jest ona związana bezpośrednio z Narodowym Fotokorpusem..., tymczasem skoncentrowanym na okresie 1901–2000, ale wkrótce znajdą się w nim znaczne ilości fotomateriałów dokumentacyjnych z całego stulecia 1801–1900.

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