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The article is focused on the quality of English pronunciation of Slovak native speakers reflected in the formant structure of their short English vowels compared to the reference formant values of short English and Slovak vowels. The primary objective is to detect the level of phonic approximation within the system of English short vowels.
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The article in its entirely is a phraseography commentary on the neo-phraseologism łykać // łyknąć coś jak (młody) pelikan [literal translation = to swallow something like a (young) pelican]. The author makes a formal and functional description of this element of colloquial Polish which migrates to the sphere of contacts supported by general Polish. The source base are network resources, including specialist collections – corpora (e.g. the SketchEngine platform, Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [the National Corpus of Polish]).
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The article in its entirely is a phraseography commentary on the neo-phraseologism łykać // łyknąć coś jak (młody) pelikan [literal translation = to swallow something like a (young) pelican]. The author makes a formal and functional description of this element of colloquial Polish which migrates to the sphere of contacts supported by general Polish. The source base are network resources, including specialist collections – corpora (e.g. the SketchEngine platform, Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [the National Corpus of Polish]). The article deals with the semantic and valence modifications of three phraseological units: leżeć i kwiczeć, mieć na pieńku and grać pierwsze skrzypce. Initially, these units were connected with personal nouns only and appeared in the multi-word lexical units ktoś leży i kwiczy (‘someone is in a predicament, has no choice’), ktoś ma z kimś na pieńku (‘someone wants to complain about something to somebody, someone bears a grudge against someone) and ktoś gra pierwsze skrzypce (‘someone controls, leads or makes decisions’). Eventually, new phrasemes appeared due to the enrichment of meaning of the units and modification of their semantic and selective valency: coś leży i kwiczy (‘something does not work, neither develops nor evolves, does not meet requirements or expectations’), ktoś ma z czymś na pieńku (‘someone does not follow the rules, does not act accordingly or acceptably’) and coś gra pierwsze skrzypce (‘something is most important or dominating, something is in a controlling position’). The research proved that the process of the appearance of these lexical units was facilitated by the language users’ tendency to forget the motivation of the units and the evolution of their semantics towards the content which would enable connectivity with impersonal nouns.
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In the contemporary Silesian-language communicative space, the dominant role is played by the ślabikŏrzowa orthography, i.e. the way of writing developed at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century. This spelling system is used in most recent Silesian-language publications, advertising language, electronic media, computer software and smartphones. The ślabikŏrzowa orthography owes its privileged position to its conservative form, the presence of clear and straightforward rules of usage and a relatively strong organisational, intellectual, scientific and economic background. However, the further development of ślabikŏrzowy literature is hampered by the lack of detailed normative materials (i.e. spelling dictionary, grammar).
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The paper presents the feminist and the traditional metaphors of masculinity using examples from Małgorzata Domagalik’s subjective texts. The columnist shows three types of male personalities: Harpun (Harpoon), pan mysz (mister mouse) and Arnold Mocny (Arnold the Strong). Harpoon is a weapon in the fight against stereotypes whereas mister mouse is man out of his depth, who doesn’t show any traditional masculine traits. On the other side Arnold the Strong is a personification of male strength. The methodological structure is based on a linguistic and cultural analysis of metaphors shown in Małgorzata Domagalik’s columns.
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The aim of the article is to discuss the issues related to identifying the etymology of Polish surnames derived from appellatives. It also proposes a study containing a more thorough explication of the motivation behind the effects of word-formation that have been used as surnames. It is argued that the use of appropriate methods for analysing personal proper names may significantly contribute to revealing the pragmatic aspects of personal names created in the past. The first part of the text presents the ways of describing the origin of the discussed names in the largest Polish dictionaries of anthroponyms. Its second part is devoted to the presentation of old nicknames (currently functioning as surnames) as messages of everyday communication and elements of the vernacular. This part justifies the idea of compiling a dictionary of Polish surnames based on appellatives which would make use of the tools of ethnolinguistic methodology, especially Ryszard Tokarski’s open definition. The last part of the text presents a proposal for a dictionary entry on the example of surnames derived from the appellative bystry [PL smart].
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12 stycznia 2022 roku w Salonie Mickiewicza w Collegium Maius Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu odbył się uroczysty jubileusz Profesor dr hab. Alicji Pihan-Kijasowej. Co prawda Jubilatka rocznicę 70 urodzin obchodziła nieco wcześniej, jednak sytuacja pandemiczna wymogła na organizatorach zmianę terminu. Wymusiła ona ponadto hybrydowy charakter spotkania: na miejscu uczestniczyli w nim pracownicy Wydziału Filologii Polskiej i Klasycznej UAM, natomiast przedstawiciele innych ośrodków naukowych dołączyli do niego zdalnie.
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Review of: Stanisław Dubisz, Najnowsze dzieje języka polskiego. Rozwój polszczyzny w latach 1918–2018, Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa, Warszawa 2020, ss. 181
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In memoriam: Bogdan Walczak (February 17, 1942 – February 1, 2022)
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The subject of the article is a selection of personal names excerpted from „Humorki” ( Little Humours ) – a cycle of short stories by Agnieszka Zimnowodzka, which constitute, in the author’s opinion, an important component of a literary communication that reproduces children’s conceptualization of the world. Their specificity, mechanisms of creation and motives for selection were determined by: the addressee’s age, the author’s creative intention, the applied genre and stylistic convention, the functions attributed to namesand subordinated to text pragmatics. The collected set of names was interpreted in the motivational-communicative platform as text and as semiotic and semantic structures. An analysis of the collected anthroponyms revealed a few creative tendencies typical of the writer’s creative workshop. By creating proper names with appellative bases pointing to the characters’ qualities, she follows children’s conceptualization of the world based on trying to experiment with the language. Therefore, the names have a form of naming neologisms derived by means of word building. In the acts of creating proper names, the author applies some particular naming models, within which the names created in series can be indicated. The writer brings together personal names and other onymic categories which complete their meanings and maximise the power of the message, making use of both verbal and situational humour.
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The article is devoted to the semantic evolution of the word patchwork, which has become frequent in contemporary Polish. This appropriate borrowing from English was registered in Polish lexicography for the first time in 1995. In the twenty years since then, it showed its new meanings different from the original ‘artistic handicraft technique, consisting in stitching together pieces of material of different colours and shapes’, ‘composition resulting from the use of this technique’ and ‘product formed in this manner, for example bedspread, tapestry, clothes’. Nowadays, this lexeme can refer to any term referring to a particular or abstract designatum which ‘creates a coherent whole, but consists of various elements’ and also – as a derivatives of phraseology the patchwork family – means ‘a family founded by parents, at least one of whom has had a previous unsuccessful relationship or marriage involving their common children, their children from previous relationships, and sometimes also former partners and their relatives’.
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The article presents the lexical material concerning clothes vocabulary. The data was extracted from arrest warrants published from 1816 to 1836 in Publiczny Donosiciel ( Public Denunciator ) which was an annex to Dziennik Urzędowy Królewskiej Regencyi w Poznaniu ( Official Journal of the Royal Regency in Poznan ). The article presents the structure of the lexical and semantic field of NAMES OF CIVILIAN CLOTHES OF MEN’S FROM LOWER SOCIAL STRATA and its semantic and genealogical analysis. In this lexical and semantic field, 361 lexical items were classified, described and assigned to nine subfields which were then divided further. The genealogical analysis showed that a third of the vocabulary described are loanwords.
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This study explores the link between language and culture in the context of the translation of specialist texts. The starting point is the assumption that each text contains a cultural element, even if it is “only” a professional text. The theoretical considerations are illustrated in a comparative analysis of translations (from French into Polish) of press articles on economics. The analysis of the selected press materials shows that their cultural value is not a peripheral phenomenon, but constitutes an important sense-creating element. In the process of their translation, the translator’s tasks include not only changing the original linguistic structures, but also changing the cultural perspective embedded in the text. The carriers of the cultural point of view are both single lexical units, as well as linguistic constructions and complex conceptual networks. Based on the research, the authors conclude that it seems particularly important to sensitize students to respect the genre standards of the target language and to understand the need to reconceptualize the original conceptual metaphor and change the deictic perspective of the text.
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The article comments on how differently English and Slovak languages reflect the extra-linguistic reality. This is proved by the different status of English and Slovak compounds supplemented by some examples from legal terminology.
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The first objective of this study is a contrastive analysis that will allow us to highlight the similarities (cf. jouer comme un pied/grać jak noga) and also the divergences (cf. faire des pieds et des mains pour qqch/bronić czegoś rękami i nogami) between phraseosomatisms [expressions with body-parts nouns] of intensifying value in French and Polish languages; as the examined phraseosomatisms are not always transparent, the usefulness of such studies for translating and for French language teaching is obvious. The second objective, which is closely related to the first, is to propose a detailed description of some selected expressions, to verify which parameters of such description should be integrated into the microstructure of our future bilingual Polish-French dictionary: Electronic Dictionary of Intensifying Expressions (in Polish: Słownik Elektroniczny Wyrażeń Intensyfikujących, or SEWI).
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Our goal is to compare the words that are central to the discourses initiated by the most essential environmental protection organizations, both international and local, acting in France and in Poland. Our analysis is carried out in three stages: after briefly presenting some of the computerized corpus analysis methods and equipment we used to collect and process our bilingual corpus named ECOTEXT, we check its specificity and then move on to calculating word frequency and interpreting the frequency lists, starting with the analysis of the most frequent toponyms (e.g. France and Polska) and continuing with the most frequently represented nouns and adjectives. Throughout our analysis we return to the notion of interlinguistic equivalence which, as we shall show, does not turn out to be fully operative in confirming or denying the similarity of two discourses studied.
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This paper is made in continuation of the article of Fabrice Marsac, Witold Ucherek and Magdalena Dańko “De l’infinitive de perception dans la pratique traductologique” (Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 46/1, 2019); both papers fall within the framework of the bilateral Polonium program “On the translation of French perception structures into Polish” (n° PPN/BIL/2018/1/00181), implemented and financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA), the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEAE) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI). In the present case, we intend to report on the content and progress of the part “multi-dimensional labelling” of this long-term French-Polish project. Therefore, we describe the formal encoding of structures, categories and functions of the items in the large multi-label corpus (French-Polish) we have been collecting since 2019.
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The objective of this contribution is to contrastively analyze the currency of words formed by the fractolexeme ‑gate in French and Czech languages. Before presenting the results of our research that relies especially on data derived from the SketchEngine (Czech Web 2017; French Web 2017) corpora, we find it necessary to address theoretical questions to frame the concept of fractocomposition in current linguistic studies. We have borrowed the term fractocomposition from the French linguist Jean-François Sablayrolles (2019, p. 149), who defines it as a case of compounds “one of whose elements is a fractolexeme, a fragment of lexie which is valid for the entire lexie”. However, in our discussion we note also other terms that are also used to denote the same concept.
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Review of: Lucia Ráčková, François Schmitt, Les Interférences Linguistiques Du Français Sur Le Slovaque. Lʼexemple Du Système Verbal. COLL. LANGUE ET PAROLE. PARIS: LʼHARMATTAN, 2019, PP. 139
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This paper treats the relations between the specific linguistic instrument, i.e., explicative (explanatory) conjunctions, and the comprehensibility of the grounds of court decisions. The author commences by discussing the functions of the grounds taking as a basis the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal. What’s more, he indicates the applicable standards in this regard. As the next step, the linguistic role of explicative conjunctions in the Polish language, as well as their practical application in the grounds of court decisions are presented. The author specifies the considerations in this regard on the example of a set of editorial recommendations published by the French Council of State addressed to French administrative courts. The theoretical considerations are then compared with the statistical data collected by the author on the use of explicative conjunctions in a group of 100 selected judgments of the Supreme Administrative Court issued in 2015–2019. The last stage of the analysis is the identification and discussions of two observed problems related to the use of these conjunctions in the collected research corpus.
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