Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Roman Polanski Back in Poland for Documentary About his Childhood
Controversial Polish director, who is a fugitive from U.S. justice, faces new rape allegations.
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Controversial Polish director, who is a fugitive from U.S. justice, faces new rape allegations.
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In addition to clearing the way to the presidency for people with criminal convictions, the legislative proposal would also hinder the investigation of magistrates, say critics.
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Domestic discord over Montenegro border demarcation agreement is blocking Kosovo’s bid for visa-free travel in the EU.
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Rolls-Royce has already paid $800 million to settle allegations of corruption in several countries.
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The former top Putin aide was central in the arrest of the former economy minister, but has not appeared to testify at his trial.
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In the largest protests this fall, around 30,000 people expressed their discontent with several legislative proposals put forth by the Social Democrat coalition.
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Thousands of Meskhetian Turks have been resettled in Turkey, while their hopes of returning to their Georgian homeland still look dim.
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Dutch authorities investigate a defendant’s televised suicide during an appeal hearing on war crimes in Bosnia.
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As wecould see above, the EU Coordination Regulations on social security are no longer the only instrument that deals with the social protection of migrant workers (e. g. cross border health care directive, etc.). Indeed, the Coordination Regulations do work within a wider environment of the European Union, with a growing realisation of an internal market. This leads to globalisation and increased migration, characterised by new patterns, including more temporary migrant workers and migration by persons other than the traditional economically active migrant persons. The Coordination Regulations were confronted with a growing intrusion of fundamental principles of EU law such as the free movement of workers, services and goods, European citizenship, and the protection of the fundamental rights of human beings. As a result of these challenges, it might have to be accepted that the Coordination Regulations, although they still have a very important role to play in the social protection of migrant persons, are no longer the only instruments. Different parallel coordination instruments are emerging from the application of EU primarylaw. In this article we wanted to introduce the main logic and basic provisions of the mainstream social security coordination in the European Union. This regulations will be immediately applicable when any new candidate country will join the EU. Basically every migrant persons are potential user of these provisions.
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The war in Syria, conflict in Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Eritrea and other countries, showing violence, poverty, seeking a place to live, looking for a job, in hope for a better life for them and their families, influx the refugees and migrants to Europe. This has led to an estimated number of more than a million people flocked to Europe only for the last two years. According to UNHCR data Western Balkans path has been exploited as illegal migrants gate to Western Europe. Refugee crisis finds Balkan countries not well prepared for such a large number of refugees. More emphasis has been put to humanitarian issues than to the political and security-terrorism issues. This surge was followed by terrorist attacks in Belgium, France and Germany which has caused serious fears and shock to people about terrorism.The EU's border agency Frontex admits insufficient checks are being carried out. ISIS has boasted of sending fighters to Europe posing as refugees. The FRONTEX Risk Analysis for 2016concluded: The Paris attacks in November 2015 clearly demonstrated that irregular migratory flows could be used by terrorists to enter the EU. With a large number of persons arriving with false or no identification documents raising concerns over the validity of their claimed nationality and there is a risk that some persons representing a security threat to the Balkans countries and EU may be taking advantage of this situation. Also raised concerns that Balkans citizens who had joined war in Syria were taking advantage of the irregular migrations flows to return back home.The fact that at least one of the terrorists of 13 November in Paris had entered the EU along the Balkan route shows that the phenomenon of terrorists should not be underestimated in the context of migration. Terrorism experts in Western Balkan countries warn against the hysteria of perceiving almost every male refugee as a potential terrorist. Concerns about terrorism and the refugees are legitimate, but the fears being voiced are exaggerated and the concerns raised often the wrong ones. This paper will explores the question of how the Western Balkans have been affected by the refugee crisis and EU enlargment, responses and cooperation of transit countries, terrorist threats.
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In order to achieve its social goals and legal functions, the state has, within its organizational structure, provided authority for the enforcement of coercive measures. Of course, we primarily refer to the police as the bearer of these powers, although some other state bodies, under certain conditions and in certain situations (military, judicial police, private security) have the possibility of using coercion. Thus coercion is one of the basic characteristics, that is, one of the basic elements of the recognition of the police function. The aim of this paper is to define coercion, to determine the conceptual differences between the terms "force" and "coercion", to determine the basic elements and principles of enforcement, and to treat the use of firearms as the most severe force. Of course, a special accent will be placed on the newspapers that were created by the adoption of the Law on Police and Internal Affairs of the Republika Srpska and the Rulebook on the Use of Force. In addition to this, the paper also deals with the method of submitting reports on the use of force resources.
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international, EU and national (Hungarian) level as well as the case law on pregnant women’s protection against dismissal were introduced.In Hungary Act I of 2012 on the new Hungarian Labour Code concluded that pregnant women need to notify the employer of their pregnancy prior to receiving the termination letter in order to get protection against dismissal. Then the Hungarian Constiutional Court annuled the prior notice requirement. The Constiutional Court Decision stated that if pregnant women did not inform the employer, they would also be granted the protection against dismissal. The HCC’s decision basically returned back to the provision of the previous Labour Code (Act XXII of 1992): the protection against dismissal exists even if pregnant woman did not inform the employer about her pregnancy status. Hence, according to the HCC’s decision the previous Labour Code (1992) provision replaced the new Labour Code’s (2012) restrictive provision. The final conclusion what we would like to highlight is that pregnant women could get a wide range of protection against dismissal, but the scope of the protection should be more extended (e.g. IVF and proportional protection of the fetus, etc.).
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The author outlines the different positions at the European Union level regarding the revision of the Directive 96/71 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 on the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services so as to reduce the phenomena social dumping and damage to the rights of posted workers. In this context, the essential the content of the proposal for amending Directive 96/71 / EC and the position of the Romanian authorities regarding the new provisions under discussion are presented.
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In this article, the author characterizes the importance of the missionary activity of the Church to contemporary cultures and nations, as He proclaims the Gospel and promotes fundamental development in many corners of the world. The Church, sending missionaries, teaches faith, catechism, religious practice, life in accordance with the commandments of God, gives the sacraments and takes care of Christian formation for the faithful in the particular Church. He organizes pastoral and biblical apostolate to proclaim the way of understanding modern man through the light and hope of the Gospel. The article shows that a proper understanding of the Church's missionary activity is, in essence, a realization of universal human rights. The Church recognizes the need for respect for human rights by world leaders, acknowledges the work of missionaries for the good of nations and cultures, sees a common denominator for the evangelization and development of nations that unite these problems in the observance of human rights. The provisions contained in the pacts and treatises, which guarantee the right to life and civilization development of all people, are often disregarded, therefore the Church of Christ engages its authority in the process of evangelization and all activities aimed at improving the social life of the goodwill people.
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The modern perspective upon human rights advances the matter of community-individual interaction thus mainly underlining the implications of the collective dimension in regard to ensuring individual prerogatives. By means of tradition, the general theory of human rights presents the truth as the scope of fair judgement hence associating the concept of truth rather to the framework of State obligations than to the field of individual prerogatives. The experiences of modern society (from authoritative government to human rights violations undertaken within the socio-juridical paradigm dictated by authoritative governments as enforced disappearances and other crimes against humanity) highlight the necessity of construing the truth from an individual perspective as an individual right that springs from the correlation of other individual prerogatives –that benefit, at present, of juridical acknowledgement within regional systems of human rights protection. The present paper advances the scientifical objective of observing the peculiarity of guaranteeing the individual right of discovering the truth in relation to the fate of victims of authoritative governments’ abuse by relation to the main juridical instruments of the European, African, Inter-American systems of human rights protection.
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Free access to justice is established as being a fundamental principle of organizing of any democratic judicial system, with important meanings in the civil procedure law. Foreign citizens benefit in front of the Romanian courts, during international civil trials, of exemptions and tax attenuations and other procedural expenses, as well as free of charge judicial assistance, to the same extent and under the same conditions as the Romanian citizens under the mutual understanding with the citizenship or residence government of the applicant. According to Article 1083 of the Civil Procedure Code, the processual capacity of each of the parties in the trial is governed by its national law, and the processual situation of stateless is governed by the Romanian law. Means of proof for proving a legal act and probative force of an ascertaining document are those nominated in the convention the parties agreed upon, if the law where the document was filed allows this liberty. If the parties don’t use this criteria, it is applicable the law of the place where the judicial document has been concluded. Probation of the facts is submitted to the place where they took place of have been done.
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The article presents the Court of Justice of the European Union decision in the case of Costea v SC Volskbank Romania SA when an interpretation of the concept of consumer was delivered. The Luxembourg Court concluded that a natural person exercising the profession of lawyer and concluding a credit agreement with a bank without the purpose of the credit being specified in that contract, may be regarded as a 'consumer' within the meaning of that provision where that contract is not linked to the professional activity of that lawyer.
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For the lawyers is important, while examining a case to ascertain over the legal elements which shape the notion of discrimination, either based on domestic law, or on international law instruments enshrining the principle of equality and precluding the discrimination on different grounds, depending on the legal instrument referred to.The issue of discrimination was deemed as a matter of great importance for the effective protection of the human rights, since it has been noticed that only their formal recognition was not enough insurance in order to be enjoyed in the spirit and the letter of the international covenants and pacts. So, it was a compelling need to go beyond their mere recognition and to dismiss any hindrance in their application, one of the most important being the discrimination on certain grounds for some persons or groups of persons. For them would have been denied the right to access education, work, social services, health or any other aspects which would impede on the life of individuals or groups of persons. Thus, the principle of non-discrimination is complementary to the principle of equality both being a guarantee for the enjoyment of the human rights or any rights as prescribed by the international or domestic law.
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In the current geopolitical context and the aspirations for autonomy / independence of several entities from different European countries (Catalonia, Basque Country, Scotland, Northern Ireland) or the Balkan region (Republika Srpska, Vojvodina, Sandzak), the issue of ethnic minority rights in the EU and Eastern Europe is of real interest to Romania. The issue of minority status has not become a secondary issue, but has expanded from the fundamental structure of the national-state system in case of the former Yugoslav republics and materialized through the creation of new independent states. The protection of minorities in the European Union is the object of policy at Member State level, each having its own practices, instruments, organs and legislation on minorities. Minorities are a constant concern at the level of the European Union, determined first and foremost by the enlargement of the Union in the ex-Yugoslav and ex-communist space, and secondly by the issue of immigrants within the Union.In March 2017, the Federation of National Minorities in Europe (FUEN / UDMR) launched the European Citizens’ Initiative Minority Safepack, which aims at adopting a legislative framework at the level of the European Parliament for the protection of national minorities, to be further implemented at the level of the EU Member States.
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At the school religion lessons, audiovisual works may be presented as supplementary to the verbal communication of a catechist. According to the Polish author rights, there is no need for any consent if this is done for educational purposes and for the need of illustrating the provided content. This condition will certainly be fulfilled if the theme of audiovisual works will be in line with the religion lessons curriculum, approved by the Commission for Catechesis of the Polish Bishops’ Conference. The catechist may also make copies of audiovisual works for educational purposes and transfer them to pupils for their educational fair use.
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