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U.S. intelligence source says the Sinai air disaster did not result from missile strike.
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Hunter Biden sits on board of a gas firm owned by an ‘example of Yanukovych-era excess.’
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Fresh murder charge comes after Mikhail Khodorkovsky allegedly called for violent overthrow of authorities under President Putin.
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Brussels takes legal action against Croatia for not registering migrants, Hungary in cross-hairs over asylum laws.
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Around the Bloc: Baku Scores Glitz Points for Inaugural F1 Race
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Vlad Filat says he’s being made a scapegoat for the “theft of the century” bank fraud scandal.
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The Serbian government steps up its efforts to secure its borders with Bulgaria and Macedonia against migrants and smugglers.
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In the last 50 years more than 250 conflicts broke worldwide out and killed more than 86 million civilians, mostly women and children. Over 170 million people have been deprived of their dignity, rights and possessions. The majority of the victims were forgotten, and only a few war criminals were tried. The regulations existing in international law, which are prohibiting war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, protection of cultural heritage and, most recently aggression are not effective and not respected. To this day an effective system of enforcing those rights and bringing the individuals responsible for it to justice does not exist.
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This article discusses the problem of determining the categories of judicial acts in procedural law. The authors suggest that the adopted legal acts are the means of implementation of the judicial life in modern society. Judicial life takes consistent and logical due to adopted by higher courts enforcement of judicial decisions. Authors provide an overview of statistical data on the performance of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for civil affairs, affairs of for settling economic disputes, cases of administrative offenses and others.
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Rapid technological development has provided us with new efficient tools that we should not hesitate to use. In the last two decades we have seen technical revolution around us. Nevertheless, criminal procedure does not follow that change – saving evidence law. The article is focused on application of private recordings in Polish criminal procedure, with particular emphasis on its value as an evidence. The paper analyses practical problems related to the issue. The author presents different definitions of private evidence and private recording. The findings and conclusions represented in the author’s analysis show that the issue of private recording is very vital and has to be examined profoundly. Changes, that are shown in the article were introduced on 1st of July 2015, had been estimated as a huge step in “releasing” private evidence. The author pays attention to potential difficulties in interpretation of the new regulations.
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The number of invalid votes cast in Poland seems to be relatively high, when compared to other democratic countries. The phenomenon is pre-eminently noticeable in the case of local government elections. During these kind of elections being held in 2014, more than 1.7 million of invalid votes were introduced during voting to elect regional assemblies (which represents over 12% of all votes) and over 840,000 (approx. 8.2%) of election results to the voivodeship regional councils (pol. sejmiki). This brought in question the issues concerning reasons for this phenomenon, its dynamics and traceable patterns. The objective of this article is the analysis of territorial distribution of invalid votes during parliamentary elections and local government elections being performed in the form of proportional representation voting system in the years 2001–2014. The research problem is the issue of likelihood to obtain attainable identification of regions in which the scale of invalid votes cast in the subsequent parliamentary elections will significantly differ from the national percentage of invalid votes. Answering the question on how great the differences are? And whether the voivodeships, in which the given scale of these variations is the highest, are the same voivodeships that during local government elections in 2004 have also recorded the greatest deviation? Indubitable answer to this crucial question would unflinchingly lend credence to the thesis that the local government election outcomes were not adulterated.
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The Polish State, after the years of partitions after the World War I, beside the fight for borders,was forced to undertake some actions to unify law and administration of the lands that had been in different systems of the partitioning countries. One of the more difficult challenges was regulation of the territory of the former Austrian partition. Especially in Eastern Galicia, hardbitten in the World War I, the Polish-Ukrainian War, and the Polish-Bolshevik War. In the first days of November 1918 the Polish authorities in Warsaw delivered the authorities of the Austrian Empire their position to take over Galicia. On the territory, destroyed due to war actions, the Poles introduced new regulations and administration. It happened gradually, when fights moved eastward and peace conditions were introduced. On the turn of 1918/1919 the Chief of State Jozef Piłsudski issued first decrees that concerned organization of the administration, administration of justice, police, and finances on the territory of Galicia. In 1919 the first Polish Parliament – Sejm started its activity. Then the process of law unification started, concerning among others the lands of southeastern Poland. After the Polish-Bolshevik War, in 1921 the territory was divided into four provinces (Voivodeships): the Krakowskie Province, the Lwowskie Province, the Tarnopolskie Province, and Stanisławowskie Province. Provincial administration started their activity. In the years 1918–1922 the main legal and administrative structures of the State were shaped on the territory of southeastern Poland (the territory of the former Austrian partition).
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In interwar Poland incomes from service pays, retirement pensions and remunerations for hired labour were included into incomes being the object of taxation with the state income tax. Until its amendment in 1922, the statute of 16 July 1920 on the state income tax had not provided for any separate rules of their taxation. In 1922 the statute separated “Section II” covering provisions establishing rules, a mode, and a tax rate appropriate only for incomes from service pays, retirement pensions, and remunerations for hired labour. That solution, amended over a dozen times, and regulated jointly by 70 legal acts, survived until 1 September 1945. Then the tax on remunerations was separated from the provisions of the statute on the state income tax. Any payments of any type received by an employee for his work both during the term of service relationship, contractual relationship, as well as after their termination, from that time on were subject to taxation according to the rules established by the decree of 18 August 1945 on the tax on remunerations.
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The paper refers to the ongoing discussion on the shape, forms, and methods of public administration activity. It deals with issues related to the place held by the right to good administration in the law system of the EU. The author has presented its creation process, which is inseparably connected with an evolution, which the member-states have undergone in their approach to the fundamental rights. The paper has shown the material and personal right to good administration based on the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Code of Good Administrative Behaviour. The summary has stressed the procedural character of the right, covering direct relations between an administrative agency and an individual.
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The article entitled “Roman Catholic-Anglican Mixed Marriages in Ecumenical Dialogue and Pastoral Practice” presents the teachings of the Catholic Church with respect to marriage based on the encyclical of Pope Pius XI “Casti connubi” and apostolic exhortation by John Paul II “Familiaris consortio”. Presenting marriage with its fundamental features: unity, indissolubility, sacramentality, as being a natural union between a man and a woman, blessed by God and empowered to take on matrimonial and parental tasks, constitutes a basis for deliberations on mixed marriages between people baptized in various Christian confessions, in this case Roman Catholic and Anglican ones. The issue of the mixed marriage between people of those two confessions has become an element of works by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, ARCIC, which in 1975 published a document entitled “Theology of Marriage and Its Application to Mixed Marriage”. Its content became a basis for the presentation of the Anglican vision of marriage in the context of the ecumenical dialogue: points of contacts and differences. Because of schism, out of concern for spouses’ religious identity as well as the unity and stability of marriage, it is necessary to introduce the right rules of pastoral care and confession discipline, which constitute the final part of the presented material.
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The hermeneutical analysis of the text of the main regulations and rules of international law regarding the children’s rights, reveal to the reader that they created a set of principles on the Rights of the Child, which have to be taken by the world’s states in their approach undertaken in order to harmonize their national legislation with the international law doctrine of the child. Among others, this article’s reader could also find out that in recent decades the international legislator was constantly concerned to develop new rules and regulations on the children’s rights and on their legal protection; hence the need that the basic principles enunciated by it should not be only known and inserted into the text of national laws, but also respected and applied by practical and concrete measures.
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