Uluslararası Geçmişten Günümüze Tekirdağ’da Dinî ve Kültürel Hayat Sempozyumu, 5-7 Nisan 2019, Tekirdağ, Türkiye.
International Symposium From Past to Present Religious and Cultural Life in Tekirdag, 05.04.2019, Tekirdag, Turkey.
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International Symposium From Past to Present Religious and Cultural Life in Tekirdag, 05.04.2019, Tekirdag, Turkey.
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After the battle of Pons Milvius (28 oct. 312), before the issuance of the so-called Edict of Milan, in the Eastern Part of the Empire Maximin Daia enacted a decree, through which he feigned to be favorable to the Christians. In that decree, he seemed to be peaceable and tolerant with them, “so that they didn’t support any kind of trouble and vexation, neither from the beneficiarioi, nor from anyone else”. In the Greek text, the Latinism benefikiarioi is a hapax, not only for the “Ecclesiastical History”, but also for the entire work of Eusebius of Caesarea. As well as benefikion, from which it arises, this word appears two or three times only, in canonical, juridical and literary texts, untill the 6th century and (so) it completely disappears from the Byzantine historical sources. The word reappears at the end of the Byzantine Empire, mentioned in a letter of Georgios of Trebizond, adressed to the inhabitants of Crete, a region where the influences of the Crusades and of the Western civilization were more visible.In the Western Europe, the beneficium had a brilliant future, as forerunner of the feoff, which has replaced it after the 10th century. But in Byzantium, its disappearance from the Greek sources after the 6th century caused, in our oppinion, serious doubts for the historians to accept the existence of a Byzantine feudalism. The Roman legacy of strong centralized statal structures can (partially) explain this assertion.
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Each healthcare system has one main task - to solve the health problems of people. Healthcare users can send their complaints and signals of irregularities to different bodies and institutions. The work includes a review of healthcare complaints and alerts submitted to the Commission for Protection from Discrimination (380),the Executive Agency,,Medical Audit” (3472) and the Judiciary (238 cases), examining the periods of existence of CPD and EAMO and a ten-year period in the courts. Useful information on the activities of these institutions, as well as information specifically requested for this publication, has been used. The number of complaints addressed to an institution is most likely influenced by its credibility, the way of filing and the referral, the notification of the investigation and its outcome.
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Increased consumption of processed foods leads to an increased use of energy-rich food with a high content of hydrogenated fats, sugars and salt, which is a prerequisite for the development of some socially significant chronic diseases. In this regard, a bill for public health tax (PHT) has been drafted in Bulgaria. The purpose of this paper is to compare the position of consumers and food and beverage business operators on the introduction of the “harmful food” tax. More than half of the respondents (56.5%) approve, while 56.8% of the producers oppose the introduction of such a tax. The majority of the two groups believe that taxation will lead to an increase in the price of the products concerned. According to 58.4% of consumers, the tax will limit the production of foods containing harmful ingredients. This opinion is maintained by only 15.6% of the producers. A change in food choices after introducing appropriate marking would be made by 70% of consumers, but more than half of the business operators have doubts about this choice. Therefore, it would be most appropriate for our country to define norms of the quantitative content of hydrogenated fats, sugars and salt.
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It is commonly thought that the history of human civilization begins in parallel in Egypt and the Inter-Rivers. There is no need to go into the discussions of which of the two countries is more ancient, the more so that the origin of the state formations in the valley of the Nile river and in the valley between the rivers Tiger and Euphrates is enveloped with too uncertain in terms of dating sources material.
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In the last almost 20 years of transition, one of the most obvious negative trends, which is largely a direct consequence of the radical changes in social and political life, is the future of growing concern is the decrease of the population of the Republic of Bulgaria. The case of Bulgaria is not an isolated phenomenon because, as the European Commission acknowledges in a number of documents, one of the most serious problems of the European Union (EU) in general is the growing and decreasing population of the Member States.
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The European Council adopted in Lisbon in March 2000 a European Union Development Strategy which outlines a new role in the world for the enlarged European Union in the 21st century. The EU has a new strategic objective: "to improve the quality of life of its citizens and the environment by 2010. The European Union must become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and more better jobs and better social integration".
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The contract for work has been implemented since the ancient history as a need for people. It was implemented for the purpose of supplying simpler goods that were not ready for purchase at the time of contract in early periods. It is emphasized that this feature does not cause harm and deception for the parties. This transaction gained its legitimacy by becoming customary law in some goods and took its place in the legal systems. It is possible to observe this situation starting from the Roman Law in line with western law and to follow it in Turkish Law. In terms of the legitimacy of this contracts in Islamic law, it is especially made emphasis to the customary law implementation especially in the Hanafis. It is accepted that there is a general acceptance due to the need and prevalence in practice. Otherwise, it will be subject to the prohibition rule on the sale of non-existing goods which is being in the classical approach. The debates in the legal nature of this contract have been significantly concluded with Mecelle in a way that responds to current needs and this is reflected in Ottoman law as well. The contract for work which has the opportunity to practice in many areas ranging from simpler topics and construction projects to the finance area, can be the subject to agreement. At this point, it is possible to talk about the aspects of Islam and Turkish Law which are more similar than the points they are separated.
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When it comes to security transactions, there is no dispute that they fall into the transactions with modality. I think that in this case the application of the art. 25 of the APA, that the validity of the contract may be made in the future a precarious event.
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The subject of the following report is The issue of suspended sentence in Bulgaria, legal terms for the "probation period" and its importance for the criminal law. The student analyses the current legal organisation of these issues and comments on the main points of the "probation period".
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The following project is dedicated to the issues of suspended sentence and reprieve. A comparison is made between the current legal organisation of these two institutes of law but the emphasis is put on their differences.
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On the thesis “ criminal law redime of conditional condemnation on under ade person. The report focuses on the following questions: concept for ‘condemnation conditional”; Ralation order; Punish person; Specific punishment which are execute in respect of under age perpetrates offence.
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The probationary conviction of adults is the veritable probationary conviction. It is a general institute, which finds application with regard to all crimes and forms of criminal deeds. Its significance is expressed in the attainment of the goals of the punishment with postponement of its effective serving, but with imposition of preventive, correctional and reforming over the convicted person.
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The problem of suspended sentence and the juvenile criminal responsibility is discussed in the following article. Here are comment the articles of the Criminal Code and the articles of the specialized act for restriction of the juvenile criminal behavior.
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In Croatian criminal law the suspended sentence is one of two non – custodial measures (the second is admition) with the purpose of giving the perpetrator a reprimand wich achieves the purpose of criminal sanctions by pronouncing a sentence without executing it. This work examines from all sides the criminal law practice in Croatia referring to conditional and suspended sentence and probation.
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Conditional sentencing and early release are two types of release from serving a sentence. The exemption from serving a sentence allows the state to use less criminal coercion when committing a crime.
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The article focuses on the amendments of the Bulgarian Constitution regarding the legal membership of Bulgaria to the European Union. The text of the new Para 3, Art. 4 which was included to the Constitution before the signing of the Accession Treaty has been analyzed. Article 4, Para 3 states: “Bulgaria contributes to the building and development of the European Union.” The personal opinion of the author is that in the future the common European values will be part of the Bulgarian legal order.
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The Kadıasker Notebooks, also known as Şer`iyye records, are one of the most important sources of history research. Between 1666 and 1670, we examined the Crimean kadiasker book with the number 67 A 90 and made evaluations about the cases by examining the cases of the Jews’s routine lives in the Crimean region. These cases led us to understand and evaluate the social structure of the Jewish community living in Crimea in social, economic, administrative and legal fields. We have reviewed all kinds of details, from the names of the places where the Jews live, from the professions they work to, from their own cases to the cases of Muslims. We tried to put all aspects of the relationship of the İslamic law with the Jews.
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Review of: Adam Strzembosz’s Miqdzy prawem i sprawiedliwosciq. Rozmawiat Stanislaw Zakroczymski [Between the Law and Justice: An Interview by Stanislaw Zakroczymski] (Warszawa: Biblioteka “Wi^zi”, 2017; Review by: Adam F. Baran
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The article is devoted to the issue of evaluation of investigative journalism within the legal and social system. The paper presents the subject matter from different points of view. The evaluation of investigative journalism must be ambivalent, because this phenomenon has many negative traits, however, it must be admitted that it has positive elements too. It is a anachronistic phenomenon, because journalist realizes the function reserved for state bodies established to criminal prosecution. On the other hand it is characterized by utilitarianism, as may contribute to the detection of offence previously unknown to investigative authorities and the public disclosure of this offence. The opinion is presented that investigative journalism should concern exceptional situations. The most rigorous standpoint must be connected with illegal methods of provocation, because in such situations admissibility of their application must just related to extreme cases.
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