Zlo i pluralnost: put Hane Arent do prvog dela knjige Život duha

Author(s): Jerome Kohn / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Hana Arent je želela da shvati šta ljudi čine i kako to što čine utiče na svet oko njih, da li on time postaje bolji ili gori. Svet pri tom nije zemlja ili priroda, nego je to čovekov svet, tvorevina koja nastaje među muškarcima i ženama, tvorevina na koju neprekidno utiče sve ono što ljudi čine kako bi prosperirali i opstali, ali na koju utiče i način na koji ljudi razmišljaju dok pokušavaju da izađu na kraj sa svojim postojanjem.

Ludvig Vitgenštajn i Karl Kraus

Author(s): Werner Kraft / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

To je kao u dečijoj igri. Uzvikuje se; »Vruće«, ali ruka koja je mogla pronaći traženi predmet, udaljava se i ne nalazi ga. Fric Heller pi{e u svojim misaonim »nefilozofskim razmatranjima« o Wittgensteinu (Merkur, 1959, 12). »Želi li se Wittgensteinovo mišljenje razumeti na njegovom sopstvenom nivou, onda su imaginacija i karakter jednako značajni kao i »mišljenje«. Jer, temperatura tog mišljenja spada u njegovu suštinu, u strasti je ozbiljnost, ritam rečenica je jednako rečit, kao i ono što one kazuju, a ponekad je tu znak tačka–zapeta kao granični kamen između misli i trivijalnosti…

Fragmenti

Author(s): Jacques Derrida / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Čim otvorim usta ja zaveštavam, što je malo verovatno, neverovatno u mom životu, to je pravilo koje bih hteo da sledim i koje prosuđuje, jednom reči, dvoboj između onoga što pišem i onoga što bi gore, iznad, u tekstu Džef napisao, pored ili iznad mene, po meni, ali isto tako i za mene, meni u prilog, ka meni i umesto mene, jer, mogli biste da primetite da, biće da je njegov hvalospev vrele hladnoće, jednom reči...

Čitanje nečitljivog. Derida bi da svedoči za Celana

Author(s): Jovica Aćin / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In his three analyses, Shibboleth pour Paul Celan, A Self-Unsealing Poetic Text and Béliers, Jacques Derrida proposed an expanding interpretation of Paul Celan’s poems. He raises the questions of translation, responsability, witnessing. These are the questions we find without doubt as essentially important to us. According to Derrida, on the other hand, the poetic text is a coded, encrypted text. For that reason, the French philosopher tries to make a deconstructive deciphering. However, Aćin suggests and shows in short that Celan’s poetry is not an encrypted text at all, but a text where every word, every phrase, and every caesura is already a deciphering which transfers itself onto the reader. Although below the surface, the living sense is clearly inscribed in the poems. It seems the reader also can only approach the unreadable elliptically, through poetic language and beyond language, invoking all possible referential contexts. When we are at the edge of the readable, mixing together the real and the imaginary, we do read and understand. Welcoming that and allowing that into our minds is like receiving a gift.

Derida posle Deride

Author(s): Milorad Belančić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Est-il possible Derrida apres Derrida? Et comment? Cette question suggere, peut-ętre, l’idée que désormais aucun sens ne revient plus au vivant (qui est porteur du nom) mais seulement au nom, a l’esprit (ou: spectre?) du nom, ou bien, comme dirait Derrida lui-męme, “au nom du vivant comme nom du mort”. Et en plus: au nom du mort comme nom du encor-vivant! Étant donné que la survie est la vie la plus intense possible.

In-statuere institucije filozofije Protiv-institucija – stoj, stajanje, le
žanje, leškarenje, leš...

Author(s): Petar Bojanić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Starting from the nineties, almost every Derrida’s lecture deals with constants as “Philosophy as an Institution”; “Institution of the Philosophy”; “Philosophical Institutions” and then, on August 23 2002 at Cerisy, he starts to treat the “Philosophical model of a contra-institution” or “The Model of philosophy as a contra-institution”. The aim of this paper is to present and determine the institution of philosophy in the context of dead of a philosopher.

VARIJACIJE NA FRAGMENT ARISTOTELOVE „POETIKE“

Author(s): Aras Borić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses Plato’s and Aristotle’s conception of beauty and their relation to art, and especially Aristotle anticipation of modernist art and avantgarde poetics of the twentieth century, which is reflected in two fragments of „Poetics“ and „Physics“. Related to abstract art (which old Greeks did not know) citizen of Stagira and Athenian paradoxically replaced their usual positions of idealism and „realism“. In other words Aristotle can be linked with a certain idealistic tendencies, while in Plato, who argued for ideological art, we can discern radically „realistic“ tendencies.

Политичка мисао Владимира Велмар-Јанковића

Author(s): Aleksandar Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Vladimir Velmar-Janković was one of the most striking persons of Serbian and Yugoslav political right-wing, an ideologist in whose political thought many stands of radical right-wing ideology could be seen, but with many original elements. Although politically active during the whole interwar period, Velmar-Janković was left short of political and social functions of greater value, which, combined with a row of personal conflicts, created strong frustration that will influence his later entering in collaboration. His ideology in 1918–1944 was based on critic of cultural politic of Kingdom of Yugoslavia, critic of foreign cultural and civilization influences and mythologized vision of Serbian history, while his text were full of xenophobic and racial elements. Velmar-Janković’s role in collaboration government during the WWII was mostly established in most recent researches of Serbian historiography; however, the root of his extraordinary influence on creation of cultural politics of Nedić’s government still hasn’t been determined. Many indirect evidences points to him being an associate of Nazi security organizations, but it is still not sure whether he was a denunciator and Gestapo’s associate or not. It is absolutely certain that Velmar-Janković was a person of the greatest influence in culture, education and science during the occupation, and that he misused this power for personal promotion and fights with his old enemies. His life in emigration, after spectacular escape from the country in conditions that are still unknown, is still an enigma for Serbian historiography.

Posthümanizm, Transhümanizm, Antihümanizm, Metahümanizm ve Yeni Materyalizmler: Farklar ve İlişkiler

Author(s): Francesca Ferrando / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Çağdaş akademik tartışmada “posthüman” kavramı, yirminci ve yirmi birinci yüzyılın hem onto-epistemolojik hem de bilimsel ve biyo-teknolojik gelişmelerin akabinde, insan kavramının bütünsel olarak yeniden tanımlanması yönündeki aciliyetin üstesinden gelmek için anahtar bir terim haline gelmiştir. Geliştiği dönem itibariyle bu felsefi görünüm, çeşitli akımlar ve düşünce okullarını içermektedir. “Posthüman” etiketi, bu farklı bakış açılarından birini belirtmek için uzmanlar ve uzman olmayanlar arasında metodolojik ve teorik kafa karışıklığı yaratarak çoğunlukla genel ve geniş kapsamlı bir çağrışım yapmaktadır. “Posthüman” terimi, (felsefi, kültürel ve eleştirel) posthümanizm, transhümanizm (diğer akımlar arasındaki değişkenleriyle ekstropyanizm, liberal ve demokrat transhümanizm), yeni materyalizm (posthüman çerçeve dahilinde özel bir feminist oluşum) ve antihümanizm, postbeşerî bilimler ve metabeşerî bilimlerin heterojen bir görünümünü içeren şemsiye bir terim olmuştur. En çok kafa karıştıran anlam alanları ise posthümanizm ve transhümanizm tarafından paylaşılanlardır. Bu tarz karışıklığın farklı sebepleri vardır. Her iki akım da benzer konulara olan ilgileriyle bilhassa 80’lerin sonu ve 90’ların2 başlarında ortaya çıkmıştır. Her ikisi de sabit olmayan ve değişken ortak insan algısına sahiptir, ancak genel olarak aynı köken ve bakış açısını paylaşmazlar. Buna ek olarak, transhümanist tartışmada, posthümanizm transhümanist bir yol üzerinden yorumlanır, ki bu da genel posthüman anlayışı hususunda daha fazla kafa karışıklığı yaratmaktadır: bazı transhümanistlere göre insanlık, nihayetinde mevcut transhüman çağın ardından beklenen bir durum olarak, posthüman olabilmek için kendini radikal bir şekilde dönüştürebilir. Posthüman üzerine böyle bir görüş, (felsefi, kültürel ve eleştirel) posthümanizmin postantroposantrik ve post-dualistik yaklaşımlarıyla karıştırılmamalıdır. Bu makale, bu iki bağımsız, fakat birbiriyle ilişkili akım arasındaki bazı farklılıkları açığa kavuşturur ve posthümanizmin insan kavramının radikal ontovaroluşsal yeniden önem kazanması hususunda, daha kapsamlı bir yaklaşımı sunabileceğini öne sürer.

Pojęcie czasu u Gastona Bachelarda

Author(s): Stéphane Partiot / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

NEVETÉS, ÉLETLENDÜLET ÉS A GÉPIESSÉG KÉPTELENSÉGE: BERGSON KOMIKUMELMÉLETÉNEK LÉLEKTANI JELENTŐSÉGE

Author(s): Dóra Dergez-Rippl / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

For Bergson, humour is a social phenomenon, and it needs artistic media to work well. Humour has a specific logic pointing beyond rationality. An epistemological investigation of laughter is theoretically required because the human ability of laughing – according to Bergson – is not a mere evolutionary reaction but a philosophical-psychological instinct, namely the ability for intuition of life. Within the confines of comedy, Bergson distinguishes several types of humour. He intends to emphasize that comedy stands on the boundary between life and art, and thus it trends to the universal. The philosophical relevance of humour reveals itself in being conducive to learning the technique of paying attention to life. The artist feels this human aim: the desire to contemplate ourselves free from external interests. Bergson calls this contemplation intuition. With this ability, one can turn to one’s own self. According to Bergson, this willingness proves the aesthetical ability of mankind, which has a subtle aim: to search for ourselves beyond our sense. In my paper, I would like to present the main elements of Bergson’s theory of laughter. Furthermore, I would like to emphasize that Bergson’s centenarian theory is still relevant.

Über Praktische Selbstbestimmung und die Ethische Selbsgestaltung des Lebens bei Husserl

Author(s): Celia Cabrera / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Der vorliegende Aufsatz befasst sich mit dem Verständnis Husserls über die praktische Selbstbestimmung und die ethische Selbstgestaltung des Lebens mittels einer Analyse ihrer zeitlichen Horizonte, ihrer Motivationen und ihrer praktischen Möglichkeitsbedingungen. Zu diesem Zweck betrachte ich zuerst Husserls Auffassung der Beziehung zwischen der Berücksichtigung des vergangenen Lebens, dem Vorgriff auf die Zukunft und der Entscheidung in der Gegenwart. An zweiter Stelle umfasse ich die Grenzen der Willensfreiheit den praktischen Zusammenhang unterstreichend, in dem jede Entscheidung stattfindet. Es handelt sich hierbei darum, die Beziehung zwischen Wollen, Können und Sollen aufzuklären, also die Verknüpfung zwischen dem, unter jeden und der normativen Dimension, die nach Husserl immer fordert "das Beste" zu tun. Schließlich versuche ich den Sinn des Ideals der Selbstbestimmung aufzuklären, im Rahmen einer ethischen Konzeption, die, wie bei Husserl, der Teleologie der persönlichen Entwicklung, der Wertmotivation durch den Willen und der Ausführung einer individuellen, ethischen Aufgabe eine zentrale Bedeutung verleiht. Der Aufsatz basiert hauptsächlich auf Husserls ethischen Vorlesungen und Manuskripten aus den 20er Jahren, die von einer teleologischen Konzeption des personalen Lebens geprägt sind. Jedoch wird auch -unter der Annahme einer Kontinuität zwischen den Phasen- auf relevante Aspekte der frühen Ethik eingegangen.

Předmluva - Jan Patočka na Pedagogické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity v Brně v letech 1946–1948

Author(s): Jiří Vítek,Erika Vonková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Patočkovo brněnské působení v letech 1946–1948 tvoří dvě samostatné etapy, z nichž první je spojena s Pedagogickou fakultou MU druhé poloviny čtyřicátých let a druhá s Filosofickou fakultou brněnské univerzity (tehdy UJEP) druhé poloviny šedesátých let. Obě etapy spojuje společný účel Patočkova působení, tj. možnost dosažení řádné profesury filosofie. A v obou případech, v mnohém podobných, došlo v důsledku nepříznivých politických okolností k zastavení tohoto procesu.

Jan Patočka a T. G. Masaryk

Author(s): Jan Zouhar / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Masaryk was one of the personalities whose work Jan Patočka studied throughout his whole career. In 1938 Patočka subscribed to the key idea of Masaryk’s philosophy – the idea of European scholarship. In 1946 Masaryk became an impetus for Patočka’s analysis of the depths of the moral and spiritual crisis caused by World War II. Patočka’s most extensive historical work on Masaryk comes from the early 50s. It focuses on the Hilsner affair and bears the title Masaryk in his fight against antisemitism. Patočka’s critical stance towards Masaryk was reflected in the conception of the reconstruction of the TGM Institute in 1968. Contradictions in Masaryk’s thought presented challenges for Patočka and a stimulus for his further philosophical work. In 1970s, Patočka focused on a philosophical assessment of Masaryk’s political activities, especially his foundational role in the constitution of Czechoslovakia, and wrote two significant studies An Attempt at Czech National Philosophy and its Failure, and On Masaryk’s Philosophy of Religion. Patočka’s assessment of Masaryk’s philosophical work varied. He regarded Masaryk’s philosophical theory contradictory and also questioned Masaryk’s philosophy of history. In his opinion, Masaryk correctly depicted the phenomenon of crisis and the necessity of its overcoming, and rightly emphasised the need for active responsibility and ethics, but his positivistic rationalism did not enable to capture the responsibility philosophically.

Jan Patočka a Česká mysl

Author(s): Petr Jemelka / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on the beginning of Patočka’s philosophical career. It is an attempt at a brief evaluation of Patočka’s publication activity on the pages of our first philosophical magazine – Česká mysl. His pages provided space for Patočka’s publishing debut, and subsequently Jan Patočka became a member of the editorial board of this important Czech philosophical magazine. The paper is based on a detailed analysis of Patočka’s articles and other shorter texts (reviews) published in the journal since 1928. It also notes the problem of critical acceptance of phenomenology in Czech philosophy. Patočka’s significant book The Natural World as a Philosophical Problem was thus accepted only after the war.

Francouzský svět Jana Patočky

Author(s): Lucie Divišová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Jan Patočka’s French experience dates back to his youth; he studied at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University (among other fields also Romance Studies), in 1928 he went to Paris where he attended lectures of E. Husserl at the Sorbonne. Already in the 30’s, Patočka expressed his views on Descartes’ thoughts in the epilogue to Discourse on the Method. Jan Patočka excelled in penetrating thinking as well as in the ability to critically reflect French existentialism at the time of its emergence and penetration to the Czech lands in the 60s of the 20th century. In fact, the ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and J.–P. Sartre significantly influenced Patočka’s concept of asubjective phenomenology. But how do the French perceive Jan Patočka? Is their attempt to rank Patočka among other Eastern European philosophers like the Pole Czeslaw Milosz or the Hungarian István Bibó – influenced sometimes by too uncritical viewpoint of and admiration for so-called dissent? The aim of this paper is a small insight into the French intellectual world. The intention is to map which Patočka’s topics are beneficial for French thinking in the (not just contemporary) “European community of the shaken [in solidarity]” (Laignel-Lavastine, 2010, p. 237).

Patočkovo pojetí odpovědnosti jako neorgiastického překonání každodennosti

Author(s): Dalibor Hejna / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

In his analysis the author refers to the distinction that the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka makes between demonic, orgiastic experience of sacrality and to the responsibility relating philosophical questioning as two forms of overcoming of the service to a self-fulfilling life. Freedom from the everydayness and orgiasm and responsibility for what rules over all things, though it does not exist in the sense of the thing, in philosophy takes the form of soul care that the soul becomes “immortal”, because of its self-surrender it overcomes even the most recent link to life in the middle the inter-secular being. Platon’s care of the soul, with which begins the history of philosophy and of Europe, contains the orgiastic mystery in itself that there is, however, subordinated to the discipline of reason and responsibility. The crisis of Europe originates in the fact that history is no longer understood as a history of responsibility, which does not arise from insufficient knowledge, but from the tendency to conceal the immense difference that divides the orgiastic mystery from the religious mystery, most perfecty embodied in the Christian myth about the God-man.

Solidarita otrasených v dobe ekologickej krízy

Author(s): Slavomír Lesňák / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article analyses the ethical ideal of Jan Patočka. The author examines what solidarity possibilities the shaken have as moral subjects in times of ecological crisis. It considers the forms of solidarity and the way the shaken can get involved in the current world. The author of the article challenges Patočka’s demands on moral subjects as combatants and ascetics, and confronts Patočka’s views with selected contemporary authors. He compares the possibilities of Patočka’s ideal with the ideal of Bey’s temporary autonomous zone. He confronts the impacts of being shaken at the front with the feelings of the ecological crisis. He defines the moral model of the western, modern, resigned, subject based on the studies by G. Lipovetsky, and compares it with the behavioural models provided by the others analysed authors. The author of the article examines whether his moral model is similar to the Patočka’s ideal of great Czechness. The author comes to the conclusion that Patočka’s solidarity of the shaken is going to be more actual with the approach of an ecological disaster.

ENTHRALLED BY MYSTERY. ECKHART, HEIDEGGER AND THE POET MUJICA IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY DIALOGUE

Author(s): Silvia Julia Campana / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Mysticism and poetry make up an inseparable pairing and, in these times of absence, they reveal the deep desire of man to go beyond the immediate, the existential, the superficial. The Argentine poet Hugo Mujica opens, from his poetic saying, a door towards the abyss and the desert, towards the limit of language and silence. We can glimpse in his poetry Heidegger’s legacy and, together with the philosopher, the Master Eckhart is also dragged from his going to God without god. From the interdisciplinary dialogue between philosophy, theology and poetry, we will approach to decipher this influence that transforms the saying of the poet-philosopher and updates his word in the desert and plunges us into the mystery of the unspeakable.

MEDAILONKY RUSKÝCH FILOZOFŮ

Author(s): Josef Dohnal / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0