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Sreća - svrha i smisao ljudskog postojanja

Author(s): Raymond Polin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 264/1981

Donedavno je problem sreće važio kao glavno pitanje moralne fiilosofije i bdo predmet njenog učenja. Sama, pak, sreća je bila smatrana kao očevidan cilj svakog ljudskog života i najviše dobro u punom smislu rečii. Iz traganlja za srečom svesno je čin crpio svoj smisao: iz deljenja sreće svaki je život dobijao svoju završenost i savršenost. Od Platona do Arastotela. Svi fiilosofi su se slagali s opštepoznatim mišljenjem, da bi s logikom objavili: »Svd Jljludi žele sreću, to je nepobitno«.

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UKINUĆE ČOVJEKA

Author(s): C.S. Lewis / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 27/2006

Clive Staples Lewis (Belfast, 29. studenog 1898. – Oxford, 22. studenog 1963.), sjevernoirski je pisac, čija su djela iz domena fantastike doživjela veliki uspjeh u cijelom svijetu. Poslije majčine smrti s bratom odlazi u Englesku na fakultet gdje ga počinje zanimati nordijska mitologija i Wagnerova glazba. 1933. postao je član skupine “The Inklings” s J.R.R. Tolkienom. Godine 1950., najvažnije u Lewisovoj karijeri, izlazi prva od sedam knjiga nazvanih Narnijske kronike - “Lav, vještica i ormar” . C. S. Lewis umire 22. studenog 1963. godine.

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“POSTAJATI ČOVJEKOM” POJAM ČOVJEKA U FILOZOFIJI KARLA JASPERSA

Author(s): Nenad Malović,Adriana Acketa / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

The German philosopher Karl Jaspers states that from that what we know about man, we cannot deplete what man is. This we can only experience at the source of our thinking and acting. Man must primarily understand that he is not just a mere survival, an exclusive being-there (Dasein). He has to see himself as possibility, openness and freedom in the world and in himself. Man must free himself of the pressure of the earthly and start to build his world up by himself. Out of his “lostness” in this world he has to come to his existence necessarily, but also freely, by choosing himself and his own path here and now. As well, instead of force, he has to use the mind, because only in this way can he build up interpersonal relationships, communicate with others, and this is a condition of realizing his own existence and of searching for transcendence. Getting caught in boundary situations, man becomes aware of the reach of his possibilities and discovers at the same time his own spiritual state, and hereby sheds light on his existence understanding that his only hope lies in the search for transcendence, which in this world speaks in ciphers.

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Mīlestības un zināšanu kopsakara problemātika Sērena Kirkegora darbos

Author(s): Krišjānis Lācis / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 1/2018

In this article, the question asked by Jean-Luc Marion – “What love knows?” – is adressed to the works of Soren Kierkegaard, causing us to problematise the interrelation between love and knowledge along two traditional lines of interpretation, either viewing love as pertaining to the domain of the will, action, or understanding love as a passion. In the first case, Kierkegaard argues about a radical rupture between knowledge and will, which, guided by the imperative of neighbourly love, rather commands us to become the neighbour to the other, not to know the neighbour. Thus, the possibility of love’s knowledge in the works of Kierkegaard must always be subordinated to the notion of love as an existential actuality, giving existence the priority to limit the field of knowledge. In the second case, although love as a passion plays the central role in the general Kierkgaardian model of love, it can not be understood as an unambiguous form of knowledge, since this would mean to disregard the constitutive qualitative difference which Kierkegaard draws between the human and the divine.

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Nejaušais latvietis: Hovards Vinsents Hongs

Author(s): Velga Vevere / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 1/2017

The focus of the present article is the role of the founder of Kierkegaard library in St. Olaf's College (Northfield, Minnesota) Howard Vincent Hong (1912-2010) in Kierkegaard studies and in the Latvian refugees' resettlement after the Second World War, where he acted as a director of the LIRS (Lutheran lmmigration and Refugee Service) in 1947-1949. The questions can be posed in the following way. What is the predominant factor of his choice of the academic career? In other words, was Hong's interest in Kierkegaard (especially in his "For Self-Examination" and "Works of Love") the reason for his volunteer work with war prisoners and war refugees or, vice versa, was the life-long Kierkegaard translation Project inspired by his social activities and public service? It seems that the answer is to be found in the interdependence of both factors. The article consists of three parts. The first chapter "Hong and Latvians" describes Howard Hong's Latvian connections. First, his work with displaced persons of the Latvian origin. Second, his role in the resettlement program both as field officer and as a sponsor (he alone was responsible for the 250 Latvian emigrants in Northfield, Minnesota). For the distinguished service to Latvia and Latvians Howard Hong in 1998 received the highest award of the Republic of Latvia - the Three Star Order, as well as there is a painting by the Latvian artist August Annus exhibited in the Kierkegaard Library. Thirdly, there is more personal reason for calling Howard Hong the accidental Latvian - the Hongs, while in Germany, adopted two Latvian orphans - Irena and Eric.

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Je možné viac porozumieť otázke o zmysle ľudského života pomocou konceptu „existenciálneho zážitku“?

Author(s): Miroslav Maňak / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2019

In the contemporary dispute about the meaning of life there arise two most infl uential statements: Naturalist and Supernaturalist. Intention of this paper is to provide a novel theory called „personal realism“ that is situated between mentioned views. Personal realism is focused on the defi nition of “existential experience“ and it is specifi ed by four necessary conditions: temporal condition, condition of contingency, condition of externality and infectivity condition. Existential experience plays crucial role because it possibly brings an answer to the question: „What should be the main subject of research in the scope of meaning of life?“ This answer is significant because it should provid demanded criteria for solid philosophical inquiry. It is these four conditions mentioned above that can be set as a common ground for making a further advancement. Assuming that the proposed conception of existential experience is plausible we can successfully identify (1) thematic focus of meaning of life and at the same time (2) we can specify the main subject of research, which is, as we conclude: valorised fundamental life values.

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Poznej se v zrcadle Slova. Sebepoznání podle Kierkegaarda

Author(s): Kateřina Kolínská / Language(s): Czech Issue: 57/2019

The article reconstructs Kierkegaardʼs understanding of self-knowledge, especially with the use of The Concept of Irony, The Sickness Unto Death, and Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses. First, irony is interpreted as a step – dangerous indeed, but unavoidable – in the process of oneʼs self-knowledge. The concept of self-knowledge is then related to Kierkegaardʼs concept of transparency in faith. Self-knowledge is thus understood as a form of self-realization, that is, a concept which goes beyond mere epistemology, as it involves four elements, namely knowledge, will, feeling and imagination. Particular attention is paid to the aspect of knowledge (what it is we should know about ourselves), which leads to the problem of the corruption of will (sin). This concept illustrates how Kierkegaardʼs ethical emphasis on self-knowledge culminates in religiosity. It is also shown how alongside his Christian assumptions Kierkegaard is still attentive to the psychological conditions of possibility of manʼs ethical act of self-realization. Self-knowledge is thus reconstructed in its duality, as a process which is for Kierkegaard both substantial and relational: Kierkegaard understands self-knowledge both as an ethical claim upon man and as a religious act whose accomplishment is dependent on Godʼs intervention. The article next discusses how self-knowledge involves a relationship to and “knowledge” of God. Finally, it is shown that self-knowledge presupposes not only that one believes himself or herself to be known by God, but also by his or her fellow human beings.

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MACINTYRE’S CRITIQUE OF KIERKEGAARD REVISITED

Author(s): Bojan Blagojevic / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2020

This essay presents an assessment of MacIntyre’s thesis that Kierkegaard is not trying to rationally justify morality at all. Using MacIntyre’s account of Kierkegaard’s work Either/Or, and comparing his interpretation to Kierkegaard’s works, I aim to show that MacIntyre’s conclusions are wrong. In doing so, I will provide a different interpretation of Either/Or, while arguing that it is possible to use later Kierkegaard’s works in that interpretation. Contrary to MacIntyre’s assertion, Kierkegaard does not change his characterization of the ethical in his later works, but outlines in Either/Or the same problems he will deal with in Fear and Trembling. The foundation of his conception of the ethical lies in his conception of the self, given in The Sickness unto Death. Analyzing this conception of self through Kierkegaard’s account of the forms of despair, I will argue that the significance of morality lies in delivering the self from various forms of despair. As Kierkegaard’s thesis on the ubiquity of despair provides a horizon for the debate between the aesthetic and the ethical individual, we can say that the concept of despair provides a basis for his rational justification of morality.

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Sauf, l’oubli (Pas d’oubli, 3)

Author(s): Jean Gabriel Cosculluela / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2020

Between the oblivion already come and the oblivion that comes, there is the vertigo of memory. We end up losing their voices, without losing their face. The oblivion ends by becoming habitable. We do not close the eye of oblivion, it is the unheard language of us. Until then, we said to ourselves, the oblivion is perhaps the moment to unfold again the world of one of us, without delay.

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Ce jour si loin du jour

Author(s): Thierry Renard / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2020

It is always the same fire and always the same fatigue. All the talk was in vain, the idea of future remains precarious. The hope inside everyone is determined and easily altered. It is the same with life, with the wind, with the light of day and the star dust in the beautiful middle of the night.

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Pensées d’un confiné

Author(s): Jean-Pierre Chopin / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2020

The author wrote these texts during the pandemic of 2020. He explores aspects of our contemporary mode of living and thinking.

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Temps mort entre rage et râle

Author(s): Aurélien Demars / Language(s): French Issue: 27/2021

Comment encore questionner le temps, si commun et si évident ? Il s’agit de restituer l’effort angoissé des pensées existentielles qui s’interrogent sur le temps, animées d’un sentiment de l’imminence de la mort, lorsqu’elles font le tour de leur existence, qu’elles revoient leur vie et qu’elles revivent ce qu’elles n’avaient su voir. How can we still question time, so common and so obvious? We will try to restore the anguished effort of existential thoughts which wonder about time, when they feel the imminence of death, they look around their existence, they review their life and they relive what they did not know to see.

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Penser « l’horrible »

Author(s): María José Sánchez Usón / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2021

In this text, we propose to understand the term “horrible” as an arcane, excessive and mysterious word that qualifies, in a superlative way, that which, surpassing the shock of man in the face of something frightening, is considered the maximum expression of what drives one mad: the materialization of what is radically evil and, consequently, the evil in its most horrifying and intense state.

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Cioran dans la vision géocritique

Author(s): Alina Bako / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2021

This study presents the way in which Cioran relates to the Transylvanian space, considering a double finding: on the one hand an attachment sometimes denied, but always affirmed by the continuous appeal of childhood memories, therefore a topophrenic vision, and on the other hand the vision of Romanian culture as one being in the role of “subordinate”, both because of the historical domination and oppression, as well as the way of being of the Romanian people, to whom he reproaches his slowness.

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Le si peu certain d’une rive

Author(s): Philippe Macaigne / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2021

Encountering light by chance and only for an instant is like a declination of the shadow. The shadow highlights it without being able to put it away farther than this evidence – a doubtful order – with a fragility that may be the essence of crossing.

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Du mouvement et de l’immobilité du doute. Scepticisme et minéralité dans l’œuvre de Philippe Jaccottet

Author(s): Madeleine Brossier / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2021

Philippe Jaccottet advocates uncertainty on many occasions, thus following in the footsteps of the sceptic minds who promote movement. However, he also knows the torments that lie with doubt – as is underlined with the metaphor of the abyss. As a result, the concept of immobility fluctuates. Is it vain apraxia, a desired anchoring, or the denial of movement that enables it, paradoxically, to exist? These variations in his work will be analyzed through the imagery of the stone.

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Je suis là

Author(s): Michel Lambert / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2021

Two men meet each other by chance in a café after twenty years passed since they went at the same high school. At another table, a woman cries and distracts them from a lingering conversation.

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Le secret d’Antigone. La communication du moi selon Søren Kierkegaard

Author(s): Rodolphe Olcèse / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2022

A study that Søren Kierkegaard devotes to the notion of the tragic leads us to show how the question of the ego can arise correlatively to the dimension of the secret. Far from being the effect of an attempt of dissimulation, this secret dimension of the self engages a reflection on the concept of subjective truth, which is the foundation of Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy of existence.

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Kierkegaardov prilog razmatranju egzistencije: od negiranja drugog do težnje za Drugim

Author(s): Adnan Sivić,Aleksandra Golubović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian Issue: 19/2022

In this paper, we will present the specific and pioneering brand of existentialism developed by Søren Kierkegaard, an immensely influential European thinker who ushered in a whole new era of philosophy. We will analyze his view of the problem of existence and, more specifically, the self as to how an individual must first become separated from others (the masses or the public), to then become a new person through faith in God, the key Other that makes one’s whole life appear as new. Kierkegaard’s influence on the further development of philosophy is almost beyond comparison, as is apparent first and foremost in existentialism and its various versions developed in the 20th century, and through these developments, it has shaped the course of philosophical thought extending far beyond the borders of Europe. In his view, the life of a human individual is tightly bound up with the relation towards the other. This requires, on the one hand, a certain denial of the other qua the others and, on the other hand, an all-encompassing turning towards and acceptance of the Other, i.e. God (as the highest degree of human accomplishment cannot be achieved without this recognition of God as the Other with the initial capital).

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Heidegger, “die Phantasie des Wesens”. Quelques notes de repère

Author(s): Elisa Bellato / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

The present paper engages with Heidegger’s attempt to rethink, during the 1930s, the metaphysical history of being from the inside. It treats the movement of the appearance of Being (Seyn) in the concealment of the essence of truth, and moving from such a notion of “essence” (Wesen), it shows that the role of Phantasie falls within the seynsgeschichtliches Denken. The Heideggerian “Phantasie des Wesens” is thus studied through Holderlin’s poetry, which is central to the elaboration of the “thought of the history of being” in the thirties. It seems therefore, following Heidegger’s interpretation, that is from its own language (Sprache) that the metaphysical history of being can be rethought or “reinvented”. The paper rather explores the process of channeling Stimmung into Grund-stimmung, by which the Phantasie may be able to shape the experience of meaning.

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