ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТВОРЧЕСТВА ДЖОНА ГРИНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РОМАНА «ВИНОВАТЫ ЗВЁЗДЫ»)

Author(s): Alice Albertovna Zelichenok / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2014

This article is devoted to the study of the most common features of the literary methods employed by John Green, one of the most famous authors in contemporary American young-adult fiction. We analyzed his most recent novel “The Fault in Our Stars”, where the main characters are teenagers suffering from cancer. The analysis allowed us to distinguish the major themes typical for the writer’s works: love and friendship as the most important values in life, which are incapable, however, to save anyone; teenagers’ comprehension of the fact that death is an inherent part and ending of everyone’s existence; the presence of death which helps to identify the true nature of a person, his good and bad sides. The writer’s literary method might be characterized by such features as the use of existing (including fictional) texts as a motive of his own work; the employment of the philosophy of existentialism as the theoretical basis of the characters’ thoughts and actions; the inclusion of symbolic details and historical and literary allusions.

ОТВЕТ НА РЕЦЕНЗИЮ А. Б. ПАТКУЛЯ НА СТАТЬЮ «СХОЛАСТИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗЛИЧИЕ В СУЩЕМ И ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИЯ» HORIZON, ТОМ 2(2), 2013

Author(s): Dmitry Fedchuk / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2014

The response gives answers to some questions and objections which were formulated by A. Patkul in his review. Among them it is possible to point out following: 1) the meaning of understanding and thinking by Heidegger; 2) the differences between these two modes of existence in the context of traditional idealism; 3) the meaning of logos as of something that expicates the sense of being; 4) the connection between being and time and the explanation of the structure of temporality; 5) whether the philosophy of Heidegger deals with the univocal sense of being. The article also tries to explain that the essence of time roots in the mode of«present». Praesence unites all ecstasies of temporality and constitutes present in its fullness. In the view of ontology, now funds the modes of the past and of the future. This thesis is justified in the Heidegger’s article «Was heißt Denken?» where he shows that unveiling and present belong each other and constitute the essence of time.

Отвъд идея и материя в нравствената философия на Владимир Соловьов

Author(s): Ivo Minkov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2015

The research shows only the formation of these crucial thoughts, not the entire philosophy of Vladimir Solovyov. The fundamentals of this paper are the master and doctoral dissertations of the Russian philosopher and the development aims to present the possibilities and abilities of moral philosophy on the way to great ideas and the unity of mankind.

Парадоксальная диалектика человеческой субъективности С. Къеркегора: концепция двойной рефлексии сообщения и псевдонимика

Author(s): Yuliya Strelkova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 66/2018

The article deals with the S. Kierkegaard’s concept of the double reflection of message, the formal and semantic aspects of the correlation between the use of pseudonyms and the formation of paradoxical subjectivity in his philosophy. The analysis of the specific form of the philosopher’s discourse in which pluralistic subjectivity has found its expression through the use of smile-forming aliases is carried out. The thesis on the axiological determination of the forms of subjectivity expression as a human existence is substantiated. The directions of the influence of S. Kierkegaard’s ideas on the formation of the tradition of dialectical theology of the twentieth century are also indicated.

Параметри на Ероса между несъзнаваното и трансценденталното

Author(s): Nevena Krumova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

The text covers the parameters of the Eros in various theories. It refers to its place in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, as well as the relation between Eros, unconscious and sublimation. It also refers to the meaning of the Philosophical Eros and its place in some metaphysical theories.

ПАРА-ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОЕ ПРЕБЫВАНИЕ (DASEIN) И ПРЕСУТСТВИЕ (DAWESEN)

Author(s): Oskar Becker / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2014

ПАРМЕНИДОВСКИЕ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ В HOMO MENSURA ПРОТАГОРА

Author(s): Igor Berestov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

We show that Protagoras could prove his homo mensura thesis by means of two statements ascending to Parmenides. The first statement asserts that any complex (or whole) intentional object can be grasped only “all at once”, and not part by part. The second statement asserts that any intentional act is identical to its content. We can deduce from these two statements that any different intentional acts are always directed to different intentional objects. This is even more radical thesis than “relativism about truth”, which is traditionally ascribed to Protagoras: any proposition is true iff it belongs to the subject’s system of beliefs. In conclusion, we show that not only the homo mensura thesis can be interpreted as a consequence of the above provisions of Parmenides, but certain Gorgias’ statements can also be considered in a similar way.

Пераадоленне: ідэі экзістэнцыйна-філасофскага самасцвярджэння у паэзіі Ніны Мацяш

Author(s): Zoja Mielnikowa / Language(s): Belarussian / Issue: 5/2013

In the article the author analyzes elementary philosophical ideas in the works of a prominent Belarusian poetess Nina Matiash. Existential and philosophical stages in the development of the poetess and her heroine have been investigated: overcoming loneliness, physical and psychological pain, becoming an optimist, strengthening patriotic feelings, love, harmony and beauty, which take central position in life.

ПЕРЕВОРОТ ВЕРЫ. ЧТО ЗНАЧИТ БЫТЬ САМИМ СОБОЙ ПО КЬЕРКЕГОРУ?

Author(s): Alexey Lyzlov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

One of the most important tasks of Dasein-analytical work is the task to help the person to learn to be oneself. The question of how is it possible to find oneself, to find “the most my ability to be” is one of the major issues in Heidegger’s Being and Time. However, Heidegger works not in a vacuum.Before him this issue explores S. Kierkegaard. M. Heidegger is obliged to this author very much;even the concept of Dasein has a prototype in Kierkegaard’s Tilværelse. In this article we analyze how S. Kierkegaard understands what it means to be oneself, revealing Kierkegaard’s understanding of human beind as Selv (danish word that is difficult to translate into Russian; in the article we will leave it without translation, arguing in favor of this). Understanding Selv in accordance with S. Kierkegaard as “positive third” in a human being as the synthesis of opposites, we trace how a fixation on one term of synthesis in prejudice of the other leads to going away from being oneself.We take such pairs of opposites as the finite and the infinite, the temporal and the eternal. Further we speak on how the self-attitude as belonging to the self-consciousness is rooted in the attitude to oneself, carried out in acting, and describe three ways of giving up being oneself (three ways to despair), that are analyzed by S. Kierkegaard in terms of self-awareness. Finally, we show that,according to S. Kierkegaard, there is no continual transition from the state of alienation from the real being oneself (the state, that is initial for each human being) to the authentic being oneself; and that the transition from one to the other requires, in the Kierkegaard’s terms, a “jump”, associated with the coming to believe. This “jump” at the same time leads to the change of attitude to the other. In conclusion of the paper we set a problem of possibility of such a “jump” in psychotherapy.

Песента на чановете – „най-красноречивият език на миналото“

Author(s): Nikolay Turlakov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

It is not only inappropriate and preposterous, but also impossible, to write a summary of a poem. This is is also true for writing an interpretation of a poem. If the interpretation is adequate, there is nothing that can be summarized about it. Because no parts of it are more or less important than others. This essay presents an interpretation of a motif in two short stories from two Bulgarian writers. The motif concerns the existential meaning and significance of the feeling of life and authenticity in the memories of the past.

ПИСАТЕЛЬСКИЙ СТИЛЬ ЧАКА ПАЛАНИКА

Author(s): Anastasiya Igorevna Zholud / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

This paper is devoted to the writing style of Chuck Palahniuk, a modern American author. The writer owes the international acknowledgment to his scandalously famous novel “Fight Club”. He has been named “the king of counterculture” due to the nihilistic themes and motifs used by him. Ch. Palahniuk’s creativity has been often examined in the light of the influence of the romantic tradition; special attention has been paid to the existential problematics, which appears to be the major focus of many of the writer’s novels. Ch. Palahniuk’s most emblematic works, especially his non-fiction book “Stranger than Fiction: True Stories”, as well as the novels “Fight Club” and “Invisible Monsters”, served as the basis for analyzing the author’s creativity in this paper. Ch. Palahniuk’s numerous interviews and the works of a number of American researchers and scholars, who associate Ch. Palahniuk’s creativity with the traditions of the New Journalism, were also considered. The conclusion was made that the technique used by Ch. Palahniuk in most of his works makes it possible to consider them in the light of postmodernism. Minimalism and dynamism are the key features of the writing style of Ch. Palahniuk, which make his works more understandable and attractive to the general public.

Политика као моћ код Макијавелија и Ничеа

Author(s): Vesna R. Stankovic Pejnovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2013

Nietzsche’s philosophy of politics and power is acquainted with Machiavellian principles in the distinction between the ruler type and ruled type, elite and masses, master and slave, discourse on the necessity of social ranking and subordination, subordination of morality to politics, the emphasis on power in political analysis, need for regional spaces with the foundation of the state in imperialism and violence. Machiavelli and Nietzsche political philosophy are based on a conception that life or nature is immoral and life is the will to power. Politics as one important sphere of life, has aimed at expansion of power, at growth, at superiority and operate in its basic functions throughout injury, assault, exploitation, destruction. Napoleon, as a late representative of the Renaissance, is for Nietzsche higher man because he embodied power and spiritual strength. Napoleon is a political actor as the artist and another possible realm of creativity. As the artist he is using the public arena as the medium on which practices his art for selfovercoming and spiritual growth, but also a space which ruin him because in the end he did not succeed to cross over the dangers of the political realm. Human greatness offers a way out of the closed circle of Christian morality and a new path for human evaluation. In the case of Napoleon, Nietzsche’s conception of higher man and some sort of hero is not only abstract ideal. Higher man’ s soul is a chapter of richness of artist, philosopher and tyrant. His failure deprives us of something extraordinary, but his mixed characters are always accompanied by danger and failure which are only steps away of success. He is frightening because he can bring pain and he is terrible because of his dedication to his own project of selfovercoming. Nietzsche is showing how suffering and hope go together in higher man creation. Nietzsche offers a different perspective than traditional political philosophy because almost all political thought is goal oriented in using politics as achievement. Nietzsche’s intention was to challenging the way about politics because the value of political action is not determined by the action, only by the deeds. The power is the basis of all rights, not a social contract affirming the rule of the person over law. By examining politics through an existential philosophy of life, Machiavelli goes to the core of politics. Cesare is expert deceivers, skilled in use weapons and words who desires power for himself and this desire is in the heart of man of politics. He is kind of heroes who suffers in the name of others. The hero’s agonistic experience can be reduced to 3 principles: independence, acquisition, appearance which are closely connected with virtue exercised on directed his power toward crowed or making one’s own laws. He is a hero because of the implication of his action beyond morality and because he knows how to eliminate enemies by skillfull dissembler. For achieving political power he will do anything necessary, because politics is a realm onto it. Because all humans are in a perpetual act of exercising power in order to achieve their particular purposes, successful political man is the highest form of human achievement because he is able to bring order in a world of discord and chaos. In the cases of Cesare Borgia and Napoleon it can be seen that is possible for higher person or ruler to show their immoral power without barriers in the realm of politics and if they have enough strength state is essentially an instrument of power, because the will to power is the philosophy of politics.

ПОСТПОСТМОДЕРНИСТСКАЯ САМОРЕФЛЕКСИЯ В РОМАНЕ ПОЛА ОСТЕРА «СТЕКЛЯННЫЙ ГОРОД»

Author(s): Vera Borisovna Shamina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2014

This paper addresses one of the most famous and disputable novels of the leading contemporary American author Paul Auster. Our aim is to reveal various forms of the author’s presence in the novel and to describe the aesthetic results of these multiple embodiments. We demonstrates how, using all major strategies of postmodernism, the author actually parodies it creating a metatext, which enables us to speak of a new stage of the development of postmodern fiction.

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К ПУБЛИКАЦИИ ПЕРЕВОДА СТАТЬИ ЖИОНА КОНДРАУ “ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ И АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ ДАЗАЙН-АНАЛИЗА”

Author(s): Irina Kazakova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

The article of the Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist Gion Condrau, closest associate of Medard Boss, one of the main representatives of psychotherapeutic daseinsanalysis, is propaedeutic and includes an extensive introduction, a range of significant historical and biographical inclusions concerning the Martin Heidegger’s life and consistent consideration of certain concepts of heideggerian daseinsanalytic underlying psychiatric and therapeutic daseinsanalysis: the investigation of the fundamental structure of Dasein as any particular human being and existentials this structure is determined by. The wealth of citations allows to reveal the historical, social and ideological context in which there has been a becoming of daseinsanalysis in Swiss in the early postwar period. The central theme of existentials in this context sounds differently than in philosophical one, because the concrete suffering human being appears now as a subject of research in his corporeal being, feeling guilty, remorse, being ashamed, experiencing anxiety, fear of death,etc. Therefore, the concept of “Dasein” itself requires a closer look. The last part of the Condrau’swork is devoted to the phenomenological method as the main instrument of daseinsanalysis,namely as the analytic-psychotherapeutic instrument. Daseinsanalysis considers itself and its development in relation to classical psychoanalysis, and Condrau’s thinking in this sense is drawn into permanent dialogue with Freudian thought. There is no other psychotherapeutic tradition in the history of classical daseinsanalysis – it is of fundamental importance for the understanding of what daseinsanalysis is. It is, above all, psychoanalysis, reinterpreted in the key of Heidegger’s ontology and received in this connection a new specific and fairly hermetic fulfilment, if we talk about location of daseinsanalysis in the psychotherapeutic space in general. And this analytical fulfilment has almost complete taken over from the Heidegger’s ontology the language for its establishment,reflection and self-reflection of its subject. In this regard some key psychoanalytic concepts are questioned and reviewed, for example, the concept of transfer, that certainly is a challenge not only for psychoanalysis but also for the whole contemporary psychotherapy.

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К ПУБЛИКАЦИИ СТАТЬИ ОСКАРА БЕККЕРА «ПАРА-ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИЯ. ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОЕ ПРЕБЫВАНИЕ И ПРЕСУТСТВИЕ»

Author(s): Andrei Patkul / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2014

The paper is the first translation of one of the major articles by Oskar Becker into Russian. The article contains the basic points of his philosophy in the tabloid form. The brief scientific commentary accompanies the publication of this translation. Becker believes that one cannot to limit metaphysics only by ontology. It also has to include paraontology. He treats paraontology as the doctrine of essence and the eternal stay of the things. In accordance with the philosopher, the principle of paraontology is so called paraontological indifference (opposed to the Heidegger’s ontological difference), i.e. the equality of essence and existence.Basing on this principle, Becker states that a human being exists not only as an existence but also as a paraexistence. Both unconscious (prehistoric) and superconsciuos (superhistoric) belong to the paraexistential dimension of a human being in Becker’s opinion. In this context, he provides a detailed analysis of the difference between the historic and extrahistoric types of the being in terms of phenomenology. It is possible to characterize the extrahistoric dimension by the terms beginning,repetition, rhythm, order and seamlessness and so on. Becker declares his understanding of the concrete relationship between view of paraexistence and M. Heidegger’s existential analytics. He believes that it is impossible to describe the paraexistential dimension of a human being as reductive privation of ontology of Dasein, as Heidegger did. Becker also attacks Heidegger’s view that the nature is only extreme case of the being of the entities in the world in its Heideggerian sense. Nature is cosmos but not a result of «de-worlding» of the world. Thus, Becker retrieves the notions of birth and polis opposing them to Heidegger’s notion of death. He also introduces the term paratranscendence (the «other-nothingness») which he treats as the whole universe.Becker tries to rehabilitate the paraontological significance of the eidetic dimension, where essence and existence are the same.The author of the brief scientific commentary to the translation emphasizes the basic theoretical points of Becker’s article as wellas discusses translation variants of Becker’s terms Dasein, Dawesen and Getragenheit given by the article’s translator, comparing them to the former versions of their translations into Russian.

ПРОБЛЕМ АПСУРДА У ДЕЛИМА МИОДРАГА БУЛАТОВИЋА (ЂАВОЛИ ДОЛАЗЕ, ЦРВЕНИ ПЕТАО ЛЕТИ ПРЕМА НЕБУ, ГОДО ЈЕ ДОШАО)

Author(s): Kristina Ðuric / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2011

The paper investigates and observes creative procedures with which Miodrag Bulatović developed an absurd picture of the world in his works Davoli dolaze (Devils Are Coming), Crveni petao leti prema nebu (Red Rooster Flies to the Sky), Godo je dosao (Godot Has Arrived). Analytic-synthetic and comparative method was used to point to a string of similarities among the mentioned works, as well as to the parallels with the works of some of the most significant authors of the so-called world absurd literature (Albert Camus and Samuel Beckett). Miodrag Bulatović created under a strong influence of the existentialist philosophy. The problem of absurd was noted at almost all levels of his works from the 1950s and 1960s - in the technique of character and situation building, composition, language, selection of proper narrative procedures, as well as in the dynamicity and lucidity of the creative (author’s) thought itself.

ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ: КОРРЕЛЯТЫ ЭПОХИ АВАНГАРДА

Author(s): Aleksandr Pavlovich Golyshev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2015

The paper considers the design of social reality based on the combination of non-classical and traditional pictures of the world in the works of P.A. Florenskii, the avant-garde artist. It has been demonstrated that P.A. Florenskii tried to synthesize ideological dominants of the avant-garde, revolutionism in all spheres of the human existence, contemporary technological and scientific achievements (especially as concerns intuitionistic and cognitive orientation) with conservatism, criticism of the civilization of that time, desire for structuring, search for the universal center, hierarchy, and appeal to the past (Pythagorean-Platonic metaphysics), as well as with the hopes for human renewal and enjoyment of personal freedoms in the authoritarian society.

Психосоциални аспекти на реакцията на скръб у майката след неуспешна асистирана репродукция

Author(s): Milena Dimitrova,Dancho Dilkov,Galina Dimitrova,Stoyan Vezenkov,Rositsa Doynovska / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2019

Experiencing loss and grief after a failed attempt at assisted reproduction leads to serious emotional repercussions for the mother and the couple as a whole. To pinpoint the philosophical-existential fears of the mother “that wasn’t” is of great importance, for it allows deliberate work to be done to help the present loss reaction. The serious medico-psychosocial problem present deserves to be examined due to the wide philosophical-ethical resonances it leads to. In some cases the reaction to loss can lead to a rejection of further tries, to “unlocking” depression and other mental illnesses. The authors present their own study involving 29 women aged 28 – 43, evaluated with two standardized self assessment psychological questionnaires for depression and anxiety, an interview and a survey. Based on the provided result data the patients most often had difficulties overcoming their loss, due to being situated in the phases of Anger and Depression, as based on the Stages of Grief, and report symptoms of generalized stress, depression and anxiety. Patients remain certain in the need for individual and group psychosocial work to overcome the loss.

ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯ В РАМКАХ ОНТИКО-ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗЛИЧИЯ. НЕСКОЛЬКО ПОЛЕМИЧЕСКИХ ТЕЗИСОВ К ДАЗАЙН-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КОНЦЕПЦИИ АЛИСЫ ХОЛЬЦХЕЙ-КУНЦ

Author(s): Tatiana Shchyttsova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

The article is devoted to critical discussion of the daseins-analytical conception of a Swiss psychotherapist Alice Holzhey-Kunz. The author tries to explicate an internal contradiction peculiar to the approach of Holzhey-Kunz and at the same time to reveal a productive (heuristic)nature of that inconsistency. The main thesis of the article is that the key conceptual innovation of the Swiss psychotherapist (the substantiation of the emergence of psychic disorders by the ontico-ontological character of understanding) allows to problematize the principal theoretical framework of her version of Daseinsanalysis, namely the Heidegger’s idea of ontico-ontological difference.Such a problematization takes place due to the revealing a fundamental conflict between the ontic and ontological dimensions in the patient’s experience; to speak more presicely – between the patient’s openness to the ontological truths about himself and his involvement into the ontic dimension of everyday life. The author sees a decisive merit of Holzhey-Kunz in the identification of the existentials (the existential a prioris) as an actual experience of psychotherapeutic patients.The Swiss psychoterapist defines this kind of this-worldly ontological experience as Hellhörigkeit(in German) – which means literally “sensitive hearing” – and treats it as an empirical ground for various forms of psychic suffering. The author argues that the phenomenon of “sensitive hearing”cannot be unambiguously related eirther to the ontological dimension or to the ontic one and thereby calls into question the theoretical clarity of ontico-ontological difference in Heidegger’s existential analytics of Dasein. A decisive moment in the experience of “sensitive hearing” is that the authentic revealing of the ontological truth takes place not by virtue of the Dasein’s own act. The moment is clearly contrary to the logic of the Heidegger’s conception. “Sensitive hearing” presupposes being affected,passive vulnerability in relation to what you find yourself exposed to (against your own will). Being considered in the context of Being and Time, “sensitive hearing” appears therefore as akind of “ontopathology” – an inappropriate existential constitution – and by this very irrelevance enables a question concerning possibility of another ontology of human existence. The author76 TATIANA SHCHYTTSOVA concludes that the Holzhey-Kunz’ psychotherapeutic interpretation of the Heidegger’s principle of ontico-ontological difference reveals the necessity of critical rethinking of the extent to which the corresponding theoretical frame is valid and promising (fruitful) in terms of the philosophical substantiation of psychotherapy.

Пут ка битку (егзистенцијализам у роману Пут Кормака Макартија)

Author(s): Kristijan E. Vekonj / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Although it originates from the period between the two World Wars, existentialism, as a philosophical movement, remains timeless and always current. Whenever human existence is in crisis and whenever human survival is shattered by wars, natural and man-made cataclysms or announcements of doomsday, people are turning to Sartre and the existentialists who claim that "existence precedes essence". In the last fifteen years, the motif of apocalypse is increasingly used in literature. In his novel The Road (2006), Cormac McCarthy is showing us a post-apocalyptic journey of father and son and their struggle for survival, where this struggle reflects the ideas of Sartre and other existentialists. Having received the Pulitzer Prize, this novel has pointed to the importance of asking questions concerning human existence and humanism, two very important concepts between which Sartre puts the sign of equality.