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In this paper I shall try to present the role of analytical tradition in the development of Bulgarian philosophical thought – the critical attitude to it, the acceptance of its results of importance and the sizing of its typical problems. My main thesis is that at present the ideas and problems of analytical philosophers going through a veritable revival in my country.
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The paper analyses the dystopian tendencies in Victor Pelevin’s prose of the 1990s. The features of the chronotope and the dialogic connections with classic dystopias are revealed. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the dystopian look at the future is replaced in Pelevin’s works by the post-utopian view on the present. At the same time, the nature of the chronotope is determined by the Buddhist conception of human life as a chain of sufferings and the idea of the circle of samsara. However, both post-utopian and Buddhist paradigms undergo travesty, which leads to the transformation of the chronotope and the conflict as well as to the reduction of the dystopian pathos. As a result, the genre of dystopia becomes an object of parody.
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In the paper, the author has spotlighted the specific representation of autistic thinking in contemporary post-postmodernistic novel. Post-postmodernistic novels exploit neopositivistic strategies of world perception and analysis providing new philosophical outlook. The novel “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” by Mark Haddon is in the center of investigator’s attention. Christopher, the protagonist of M. Haddon’s novel, has a special way of thinking inherent in the strategy to objectify reality laying it out into basic causal elements and using mathematical models of world deciphering and understanding. The protagonist reveals lack of traditional emotionality providing ontological understanding of such phenomenon as death. Besides, his model of world perception develops existentialistic philosophical points. At the same time, the protagonist represents a special type of scientific mind seeking to learn the world in accordance with the concept of prime numbers and avoiding any form of emotionality. Lack of traditional emotionality does not neglect the representation of special forms of emotional intelligence in Christopher’s behavior and becomes a mechanism of avoiding social conflicts based on misunderstandings. The protagonist’s mind is represented in the novel as a revelation of post-postmodernistic way of thinking that combines irony and sincerity, physics and metaphysics. Scientific discourse in the novel is explicated as a source of understanding existential and metaphysic phenomena. Autistic mind of the protagonists represented in M. Haddon’s novel reveals a successful form of adaptation to reality and social interactions.
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In the article the analysis of F. Nietzshce’s essential philosophical ideas is carried out through the prism of postmodernistic philosophical discourse and their impact on the modern philosophy.
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The article shows how the historian, setting a task of integral, intelligent registration of the past, comes to the need of theoretical understanding of the system of thinking of the studied time. The way of thinking, in turn, inevitably relies on a certain ontology — a philosophical picture of the world, but it is possible to deal with it only having one’s own conscious position, having answered the eternal question «What is a reality and who am I in it?».
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In this article, I complete my brief study of visual anthropological themes and meanings that can be seen in the philosophy of Parmenides, primarily in his ontology. I analyzed the text of the Parmenides’ poem to detect in it the ideas that express the theoretical position of the philosopher from Elea in relation to ontological parameters of human existence. “Optical” characteristics of Parmenides’ philosophical language is accented in this article to clarify his views on the mutual relations of sensually empirical experience and theoretical scientific knowledge, of explicit “many things” and implicit “single”, of the physical dynamics and speculative statics, of “human” world and the “true” being. I paid special attention to the problem of border and form of being-in-general in Parmenides, and I investigated the question of reflection of this form in the physical space. I conclude that the Parmenides’ philosophical “optics” can be explicated and described in the following key points, which was shown to 1) discourse in its specificity, 2) cultural-historical and physical contexts of the narrative, 3) an inner ascetic intention of author, 4) cosmology as a systemic critique of sensory experience, 5) epistemology in its visual aspects, 6) ontology, 7) semiotics.
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The paper discusses Vladimir Solovyov’s views of objective ethics and the need for its implementation in our lives. It also monitors the impact he had on the next Russian thinkers and in particular on Nikolai Berdyaev.
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In the paper, the author uses the methods of neurophilosophy in order to rethink arete as a key notion of ancient philosophy. In neurophilosophy the author combines: a) contemporary views on neuroevolution, given by neurosciences; b) the most important meanings of Heidegger's fundamental ontology; and c) the new meanings of Dasein, which derive from the philosophy of cosmos. Arete is taken as a basis of the being of the Dasein “mentality about”, while the “dianoetic virtues” of Aristotle are rethought as the existentials of arete.
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The article addresses two versions of returning to ontology and two views on the nature of ontology.The aim of the article is to reveal the way two 20th century philosophers—Nicolai Hartmann and Martin Heidegger—saw the meaning and purpose of ontology, as well as the answer to the question as to why each of them thought that the other’s ontological approach was fundamentally flawed. My investigationis based on Hartmann’s book Ontology: Laying the Foundations and Heidegger’s book Being and Time. Hartmann’s option of returning to ontology implies the question about being as being. It is impossible to reduce being as being (being as such) to being in some definite, limited sense. Thus, being as being possesses absolute universality and cannot be defined, albeit one can distinguish some structure in it. Not only being is always both being-there (Dasein) and being-so (Sosein), but being is also always either real or ideal. Hartmann is certain that the restriction of being as being to being in some definite sense and the miscomprehension of that four-component system leads up to various errors. According to Hartmann, Heidegger misses the ontological question because he puts the question on being as it is given instead of that on being as it is in itself. According to Heidegger, Hartmann misses the ontological question because he stays on the grounds of the unrestricted speculations instead of understanding being and its meaning by means of being itself. The question arises as to who of them is right. As a matter of fact, there are no arguments that both philosophers would deem acceptable. Each of them is deaf to the opponent’s opinion. In addition, we are not obligated to accept neither Heidegger nor Hartman’s opinion because there are certainly more than just two views on ontology.
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The paper discusses issues related to the development of society in our time and the place of “the Оther“ in interpersonal relationships. M. Buber’s views on the relationship with “the Оther“ and the relation between „I“ and „You“ are followed.
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This article is propaedeutic and has as its main objective the introduction of psychotherapeutic daseinsanalytical discourse to the russian-speaking space. Despite the fact that this approach has already been introduced in a number of translations and articles, however the lack of a common field of discussion and the presence of discrepancies and distortions in the terms require а special propaedeutic work. The article briefly presents the history of daseinsanalysis represented by Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss. The psychoanalytic origins of daseinsanalysis is emphasized ina special way. This is due to the fact that daseinsanalysis formed within a common analytical discourse, but with a considerable output beyond it through an appeal to the Heidegger’s ontology and its daseinsanalytics. Such a marginal daseinsanalysis’ position determines the specificity of theanalytical process, the development of major therapeutic issues and psychopathological issues as well as the specific reflection of analytical praxis. The article also considers the phenomenological method from the standpoint of how it can be implemented in analytical and therapeutic practice.This issue is discussed on an example of the situation taken from the movie The Secret Life of Antoine Watteau (Ce que mes yeux ont vu) in which the professor teaches the student to “see”the painting of the artist and what it depicts. This process is very similar to the Socratic maieutic procedure and it helps to disclose the specific attitude in a phenomenological study, which Heidegger calls Gelassenheit. To understand this attitude we also appeal to the fragment of Being and Time and the analysis of the specific construction of the medial verb passive voice in conjunction with semantic verb “see” (ἀποφαίνεσθαι), which helps to understand the true practical meaning of the phenomenological attitude.
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The article aims to reveal the crucial relationship between the concept of freedom and the figure of the Other (another conscious being) as enshrined in the philosophical reflections of Friedrich Schelling and Jean-Paul Sartre. In studies on the two philosophers conducted in the tradition of conceptual clarification of the subject–object relationship, in the light of transcendental idealism philosophy, we find symptomatic similarities used as keys to understanding the problem of freedom defined in the phenomenological perspective.
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In this study the review of the general characteristics of AleksandarTišma’s work is given, with the focus on the analysis of the themes and motifs of his literary work. In the novels by AleksandarTišma dominant themes are war and the destiny of a man in the war, especially a Jewish man. To talk about the novels of AleksandarTišma primarily means to talk about the quest for identity, about rootlessness and loneliness in a world that is perceived as constant suffering, as danger, fear and search for a safe place, only to realize that such a place does not exist, The author bitterly re-examines the existence of humanistic principles in such a world, and the role of literature in the whole process.
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In the article there investigated the epicurean fundamental paradigm of harmonization of the being, that developed from the antique age to the ideas of existentialism. It is analyzed the causes of treatment of European philosophy to the eastern philosophy in the twentieth century. It is appointed that the main existential problem of human is the removal of the fear concerning the Nature, the death, the world's evil, absurdity, the impossibility of true knowledge and freedom. This idea is common for Epicureanism, existentialism and Eastern philosophy. Existential contradiction "fear-suffering-ignorance-loneliness" is solved internally, through the formation of a certain attitude towards themselves and the outside world – ataraxia.
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The text reviews the connection between Eros, beautiful and sublime. It creates a parallel between the ancient ideas of Plato for the Common and Heavenly Eros and the ideas for Beautiful and Sublime, developed in the German classic aesthetics.
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In the article studied metaphysician of the early stage of work Friedrich Nietsche, on exemple of treatise "The birth of Tragedy out of the spirit of music". The author in his studied based on the main ideas – aestheticism, mythologism, dichotomies Dionysian and Apollonian grounds in classical Athenian tragedy.
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The purposes of the article are to consider the stages of the conceptualization of the human existence problem and to provide interpretation of the concept of "life-world" person. According to substantiate the determination of the life-world of human action, in particular – the choice of types of creative activities. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific principles of organizing and summarizing the research problem. The aims and objectives need using of such methods as: historical and cultural provide an objective attitude to the accumulation of data; hermeneutic – to study and systematize various modifications of the concept of "life-world"; analytical – to study the conceptual framework, which is based on modern approaches to the study of «life-world». Scientific novelty. The scientific novelties of the work are to systematize the existing theories about human life world and to clarify the definition of «life-world». The paper takes the further development of statement: the problem of "life-world" of man is updated in the «philosophy of life», phenomenology, existentialism and postmodernism. Conclusions. The concept of «life-world person», introduced into scientific circulation by Husserl, a German philosopher and founder of phenomenology whereas the problem of human life, life circumstances determination, experience of human actions, including creative work, are interesting for philosophers and theorists.
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In the paper is considered the history of philosophy and philosophers in Veliko Turnovo before the official foundation of our Faculty of Philosophy. Some their advantages are commented from the point of view of the present-day philosophy.
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Human choice is possible because of the freedom intrinsic to human beings, and it is also meaningful on the base of the notion of it. Two different antinomies of freedom are considered in this short essay, stemming from the philosophical contexts of theistic and atheistic existentialism.
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The article analyzes the choice from several perspectives. The choice as a moral problem is a choice between good and evil. The choice as a social problem is a choice between individualism and collectivism, between aspiration for career inert and passive adaptation. The choice as an ideological problem is a choice between democracy and totalitarianism. The choice as a religious issue is a choice between faith and doubt, religion and atheism. The choice as a psychoanalytic problem is the acceptance or denial of guilt. The choice as a philosophical problem is a choice between demand of an essence or give satisfaction to the elementary and the trivial.
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