Spory prawnicze a pragmatyczność teorii prawa

Author(s): Adam Dyrda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 61-62/2015

The subject of this paper is the status of the most fundamental legal disagreements. Since all legal disagreements are conceptually dependent on theoretical assumptions about law (the grounds of law), they should be seen as theoretical disagreements in the Dworkinean sense. After an analysis of the basic concepts of the grounds of law, theoretical disagreements are evaluated from the epistemic point of view. By assumption, all philosophical disagreements, including fundamental legal disagreements, are disagreements between epistemic peers, since there occurs a symmetry between the evidence in favour of each of the proposed theories. In order to avoid the scepticism that such a diagnosis may lead to, we should engagein pragmatic considerations of the status of legal theory in general.

Moral i pravo u savremenoj pravnoj filozofiji

Author(s): Dejan Vuk Stanković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19-20/2002

In this paper, author tries to analyze complex character of the relation between law and morality in contemporary law philosophy. There are three approaches to the issue of relation between law and morality: natural law theory (identity thesis), positivist (separation thesis) and Anglo-American analytical jurisprudence (polarity thesis). The identity thesis-law and morality are basically identical, although basic principles of morality are subordinated to the positive legal rules; the separation thesis-law and morality are quite different system of norms; positive legal rules are completely deprived of any moral content; Polarity thesis – law and morality are different systems of norms which complement to each other. The polarity thesis is exemplified in theories of Herbert Hart and Ronald Dworkin’s. At the logical level, polarity thesis overcomes and specifically synthesizes abstract character and reductionism of identity and separation thesis. At the socio-historical level, the polarity thesis is result of historical development of legal and political institutions.

Wydarzenia naukowe w Katedrze Filozofii Prawa i Etyki Prawniczej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w roku akademickim 2009/2010

Author(s): Marta Soniewicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2010

Kilka uwag o przydatności narzędzi lingwistyki kognitywnej do rozróżnienia wykładni rozszerzającej i wnioskowania przez analogię

Author(s): Sylwia Wojtczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Artykuł jest propozycją dyskusji nad przydatnością narzędzi lingwistyki kognitywnej do zastosowań prawniczych, zwłaszcza w zakresie wykładni i rozumowań prawniczych. Językoznawstwo kognitywne to rozwijający się od lat 70-tych XX w. kierunek językoznawstwa i nauk kognitywnych badający język, umysł i współzależności między nimi. Analiza przykładów z obowiązującego prawa przeprowadzona za pomocą różnych koncepcji należących do lingwistyki kognitywnej (prototypów, kategorii radialnych, wyidealizowanych modeli kognitywnych, metafory konceptualnej) jest tu podstawą do sformułowania postulatów dotyczących sposobu rozumienia i rozróżniania wykładni rozszerzającej i analogii. Przykłady i postulaty pozwalają jednocześnie wyodrębnić te zmiany językowe, jakie nieuchronnie zachodzą w czasie, które powinny zostać uznane za domenę wykładni językowej.

Badacz jako świadek: między wiedzą uniwersalną a lokalną

Author(s): Małgorzata Sugiera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Sugiera briefly surveys the three practices of witnessing that were prominent in the later decades of the twentieth century. Against this background she introduces a fourth practice, in which the researcher acts as a witness and the research findings become a testimony. Sugiera evokes the times of the great geographical discoveries, when the paradigm of modern sciences was emerging based on the concept of the “fact” derived from the legal world and inevitably assuming the existence of witnesses and testimonies. She then presents definitions of the “virtual witness” and the “modest witness” to introduce recent notions such as Haraway’s situational knowledge and Hunter’s situational textuality as well as their practical implementations.

Idea bezpieczeństwa prawnego w polskim prawie spadkowym

Author(s): Paweł Mącik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The purpose of this paper is to present the issues of legal protection within inheritance law. A court decision made in the case of the ascertainment of inheritance, acquisition, or registered deed of succession, constitute the only proofs of legal succession, so their amendment or revocation is permissible only in the special cases indicated in the Act. Time and procedure limitations on amendments in respect of succession can potentially affect the accepted principle of justice. However, the State protects inheritance law and at the same time upholds legal protection. The fact that the legislator facilitated such a mode of procedure attests to the fact that legal stability and security of transactions are valued more than the protection of legal succession. However, this does not mean that the principle of justice and the protection of legal succession are not applied. Au contraire a person who is not a successor has the possibility to assert the protection of his/her rights at a particular time. On the other hand, the person who is a successor has to invoke the statutory presumption and has to have the sense of legal security guaranteed by the legislator which is required of him/her. As a consequence the conflict between the protection of legal succession and legal security arises. This presents the opportunity for reflection on the status of Polish inheritance law which will be provided in this article.

Aporije i baština na trobojnici: sloboda, jednakost i bratstvo (Odlomak iz "Naturrecht und menschliche Würde")

Author(s): Ernst Bloch / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01-02/1966

Svoju bit svatko je dobio sa sobom, iz nje ne može van. Čovjek se nalazi u svojoj koži osjećao se on u njoj dobro ili ne. Kako bilo da bilo, to je njegova vlastita koža; unutar ta četiri zida, ako se tako dade reći, on je privatan.

LE PATRIMOINE, TRANSMETTRE, SOUMETTRE OU DÉMETTRE ? CE QUE LE DROIT PEUT APPORTER À LA COMPRÉHENSION DE LA PSYCHANALYSE

Author(s): Jacques Amar / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2019

The purpose of this article is to show that the emergence and development of psychoanalysis cannot be dissociated from the legal framework within which this discipline is embedded. It shows how the links between heritage, person and identity are at the heart of the problems facing our contemporary societies.

Filozofia prawa we współczesnej Rosji

Author(s): Marina Davydova / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Modern Russian philosophy of law is under the great influence of Soviet theory of state and law. The article shows its development from the beginning of the XX century, dividing this period into 6 main stages according to the historical, political and scientific changes in the country. Most attention is paid to the modern trends and personalities.

A Few Questions Concerning Photographs in Court Decisions

Author(s): Michał Dudek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The aim of this article is to discuss the infrequent, but noticeable, practice of inserting photographs in court decisions. Against the background of the few existing studies on this practice, which seem to be overly case-specific, this article proposes a more general, even universal list of problems connected with it. It addresses a short list of questions about the inclusion of photographs in court decisions, such as, for instance: “Why do judges include in court decisions photographs concerning the case-relevant facts?”; “Who are the addressees of these photographs?”; “What is the source of the photographs used and are all sources allowable?”; and “How come that some segments of court decisions are accompanied by relevant photographs and others are not?”. A discussion of these and other questions enables the conceptualisation of many problems connected with inserting photographs in court decisions – most notably, that of the criteria of choice, which previously has not been explicitly addressed, but barely hinted at – and leads to the conclusion that the practice in question, surrounded by many controversies, should be discontinued.

СОЦИОЛОШКА ТЕОРИЈА ПРАВА ЖИВАНА СПАСОЈЕВИЋА

Author(s): Saša B. Bovan / Language(s): Serbian Issue: Sp. Iss/2012

The paper discusses legal-theoretical and legal-methodological conceptions of Živan Spasojević, professor of the Faculty of Law in Belgrade between the two world wars, the former Dean of this Faculty and a significant figure of the intellectual and public life of the country of that time. The inclination of Ž. Stanojević towards general issues, his deep belief in epistemological potential of sociology and consistent application of the sociological approach in treating these questions comes to focus on the legal-theoretical plain in the form of constructing a developed integral theory of law, and on the legal-hermeneutical plain in the direction of sociologization of the problem of juristic conclusion and the canons of objective-teleological interpretation.

THE OBJECTS OF LAW: DERRIDA, WESTERN LEGALITY, AND COLONIAL MANAGEMENT

Author(s): Rheuben Bundy / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2018

This paper highlights the problematic nature of Jacques Derrida’s reading of the law as it pertains to the material effects of colonialism. In doing so, it points to a deeper problem in postmodernity, namely, its insistence on ethereal ideals of justice that cannot sufficiently account for the material costs of colonial practices. Employing the concept of subaltern cosmopolitanism as it is developed in the works of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, this paper ends by fully developing the Derridean negotiation regarding the place of justice. By rehabilitating Derrida’s understanding of the law within the tradition of post-colonial thought, it is argued that the legal philosophy is able to begin with the problem of coloniality and employ the subject position of the other as a central feature in developing a critical theory of law.

Zhuangzi ir Kierkegaard'as apie individo dvasinės raidos kelią

Author(s): Agnieška Juzefovič / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 39/2004

The article focuses on the ethical consideration concerning the choice between the ethics of justice and the ethics of care, which currently dominates the horizon of ethical problematics. Another distinction, formulated by Nagel, deals with the tension between individual and impersonal standpoints in the sphere of political theories. The author attempts to demonstrate that Aquinas’ theory of justice provides unique and actual opportunities to combine the above-mentioned oppositions and create a feasible, yet practically complicated, ideal for their solution. Detailing particular aspects of Aquinas’ theory, e.g. his insistence on the necessity to help the poor and provide “brotherly correction for wrongdoers”, the author discovers that this might well be helpful, considering the acute problems of nowadays, the evaluation of collaboration with the Nazis and the evasion of overestimation of utilitaristic and liberally formalistic approaches.

Akvinietis apie teisingumą

Author(s): Eleonore Stump / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 38/2004

The article focuses on the ethical consideration concerning the choice between the ethics of justice and the ethics of care, which currently dominates the horizon of ethical problematics. Another distinction, formulated by Nagel, deals with the tension between individual and impersonal standpoints in the sphere of political theories. The author attempts to demonstrate that Aquinas’ theory of justice provides unique and actual opportunities to combine the above-mentioned oppositions and create a feasible, yet practically complicated, ideal for their solution. Detailing particular aspects of Aquinas’ theory, e.g. his insistence on the necessity to help the poor and provide “brotherly correction for wrongdoers”, the author discovers that this might well be helpful, considering the acute problems of nowadays, the evaluation of collaboration with the Nazis and the evasion of overestimation of utilitaristic and liberally formalistic approaches.

Akvinietis apie teisingumą

Author(s): Eleonore Stump / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 37/2004

The article focuses on the ethical consideration concerning the choice between the ethics of justice and the ethics of care, which currently dominates the horizon of ethical problematics. Another distinction, formulated by Nagel, deals with the tension between individual and impersonal standpoints in the sphere of political theories. The author attempts to demonstrate that Aquinas’ theory of justice provides unique and actual opportunities to combine the above-mentioned oppositions and create a feasible, yet practically complicated, ideal for their solution. Detailing particular aspects of Aquinas’ theory, e.g. his insistence on the necessity to help the poor and provide “brotherly correction for wrongdoers”, the author discovers that this might well be helpful, considering the acute problems of nowadays, the evaluation of collaboration with the Nazis and the evasion of overestimation of utilitaristic and liberally formalistic approaches.

Teologijos Suma I-II, 96-97 klausimai apie teisę

Author(s): Thomas Aquinas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 37/2004

Žmogiškąjį įstatymą galima apibrėžti remiantis bendruoju, arba įstatymo esmės, apibrėžimu: „įstatymas yra proto potvarkis dėl bendrojo gėrio, kurį tas, kuris turi rūpintis bendrija, paskelbė"V Kreacio-nistiniame krikščioniškame pasaulėvaizdyje pats pirmasis įstatymas ir visų kitų įstatymų šaltinis yra Kūrėjo potvarkis dėl bendrojo visatos gėrio (amžinasis įstatymas). Kūrėjui nereikia jokio išorinio įgaliojimo rūpintis tuo gėriu: kūrimas savaime suteikia toki įgaliojimą. Proto neturintiems ir suprasti negalintiems kūriniams savo potvarki jis „skelbia" suteikdamas jiems prigimtis, tarsi ženklindamas juos savo įstatymo antspaudu. Apie toki prigimties suteikimą kalbėti kaip apie įstatymo paskelbimą galima tik analogine prasme (gamtoje veikiantį įstatymą lietuvių kalba vadina ne įstatymu, o dėsniu). Žmonėms savo potvarkį Kūrėjas skelbia suteikdamas gebėjimą pažinti daiktų prigimtis (prigimtinis įstatymas) ir apreikšdamas su žmogumi susieto antgamtinio projekto dalį (dieviškasis įstatymas). Taigi Kūrėjo įstatymą žmogus pažįsta ne tiesiogiai, bet išskaito kaip bendrus savo veiklos principus gyvenimo knygoje (prigimtinis įstatymas) ir Šv. rašte (dieviškasis įstatymas). Kadangi veikla vyksta tam tikru laiku tam tikroje vietoje, tai, siekiant nuspręsti, kaip teisinga elgtis, bendruosius principus tenka taikyti konkrečioms situacijoms, jeigu tokį sprendimą, vadovaudamasis savo kompetencija, daro asmuo, įgaliotas rūpintis bendruoju gėriu, ir ji oficialiai paskelbia, tai tas sprendimas atitinka žmogiškojo įstatymo apibrėžimą. [...]

Teologijos Suma I-II, 90-93 klausimai apie teisę

Author(s): Thomas Aquinas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 34/2003

Tomo Akviniečio Teologijos Sumos vertėjai ir tyrinėtojai skirsto jos turinį j traktatus: Apie Dievą, Apie pasaulio sukūrimą, Apie angelus, Apie žmogų ir t.t. Vienas iš jų pavadintas Traktatu apie įstatymą. Jis apima devyniolika antrosios Sumos dalies (I-II) klausimų, arba skyrių: nuo 90 iki 108. Šiame žurnalo Logos numeryje pateikiame tris pirmuosius skyrius, kuriuose aptariami patys bendriausi įstatymo aspektai: įstatymo esmė, klasifikacija ir paskirtis. [...]

Determining and Reflective Judgments: Two Approaches to Understanding Legal Decisions

Author(s): Diego Pérez Lasserre / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

This article examines legal judgments in light of the two ways that, according to Kant, the Power of Judgment operates. After analyzing both uses of this faculty, it justifies that legal decisions can be considered as a type of reflective judgments, but not as exemplary as the ones treated in the Critique of the Power of Judgment—namely, the aesthetic and teleological.

Legal Positivism Social Source Thesis and Metaphysical Grounding: Employing Metaphysical Grounding based on Metaphysical Laws

Author(s): Szymon Mazurkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The core of legal positivism is the so-called social source thesis, which claims that legal facts are determined only by social facts. I examine an interpretation of this thesis that uses metaphysical grounding as an exact relation between legal facts and social facts. I argue that the current interpretation of the social source thesis in terms of metaphysical grounding has significant drawbacks that stem from it being based on the view that metaphysical grounding is a primitive relation. For that reason, the current interpretation is unintelligible and poses problems with explaining the normativity of legal facts. I present two other views on metaphysical grounding: that it holds due to essences of facts and that it holds due to metaphysical laws. I apply the notion that metaphysical grounding holds due to metaphysical laws and argue that in the case of grounding of legal facts in social facts, this metaphysical law is constituted by instrumental rationality. It provides intelligibility to this grounding relation, is able to explain the normative character of legal facts, and is compatible with the general form of explanation.

Why Moral Norms Cannot be Reduced to Facts: On a Trilemma in Derivations of Moral “Ought” from “Is”

Author(s): Wojciech Załuski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The paper aims at formulating a certain trilemma that applies to justifying moral norms. The trilemma can be succinctly stated as follows: any attempt to derive a “moral-ought-statement” from an “is-statement” with a justificatory goal (i.e. to justify the “moral-ought-statement”), even if it were successful in its “derivation” part (i.e. logically correct), would be unsuccessful in its “justificatory” part for one of the following three reasons: (1) it would consider each human action of which a factual statement can be made as morally obligatory, thus “justifying” a large number of implausible moral norms; or (2) it would presuppose a moral norm not derivable from facts; or (3) it would not explain why the distinction – made based on extra-moral criteria – between those factual statements about human actions from which moral norms can be derived and those from which they cannot be derived should count as morally relevant. The trilemma is illustrated in the paper by an analysis of Searle’s well-known attempt at deriving “ought” from “is”. Some further implications of the trilemma regarding the proper way of justifying moral norms are also examined.