"Baby Boom" generacije na pragu penzionisanja

Author(s): Jelena Stojilković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2010

Sudden increase in the number of live births after the Second World War due to an increase in fertility rates has led to the formation of cohorts with specific characteristics or baby boom generation. This generation is unique in the history of the demographic phenomenon that has affected and affects the functioning of many segments of society. The aim of this paper is to assess structure of baby boomers who are few years away from retirement, using demographic data. Impact of baby boomer age structure of current and future retirees is described with a graphical display of current and projected age pyramid of baby boomers. Demographic pattern that women live longer than men is evident in the projected pyramid. In addition, the number of baby boomers will lead to a "younger" old population. The imbalance in the number of men and women pensioners, as well as older cohorts of women and female baby boomers was analysed. As a result, an increasing trend of women's age pensioners who are members of the baby boom generation was clearly observed, which is opposite to the older cohort of women who often were family pensioners. Different circumstances and conditions in which female boomers lived and worked will form a new "pension model" because they will gain their benefits as well as men, for the first time in significant number, unlike their mothers, which gained the right to retire after they become widows. Number of women age pensioners is getting greater compering to men, as the result of changes in the economic activities of women in the last half of the 20th century. When baby boomers retire and exit the working population, this will create a vacuum, because the numerically smaller generations will enter working population, while the sudden and very shortly, the number of population older than 60 or 65 will increase, most of them will likely to acquire the right to a pension. It is undeniable that baby boomers had impact on demographic structure, but also on society as a whole. They have been extremely important factor of development of our country during their working career, they are healthier then previous generation and many of them possess the knowledge and experience gained by the years, so rigid prediction of future changes that will produce the retirement of this generation has no excuses. Retired baby boom generation will perhaps lead to new, better way of life in old age.

"Korošec vihti bič nad železničarji" (Stavka železničarjev leta 1920 in minister za promet Anton Korošec)

Author(s): Mateja Ratej / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2010

In the following discussion the author focuses on the role of Anton Korošec in the railway strike of April 1920, when as a Head of the Slovenian People's Party he was the Minister of Transport in Stojan Protić's government. After the government of the Kingdom of SHS abolished the collective labour agreement for transport workers, in April 1920 transport all over the state was brought to a halt by a railway strike. The workers on strike were joined by the communists, who saw the mobilisation of the workers as a strong political potential. In the years after the establishment of the Kingdom, the communists represented an influential political factor. In November of the same year, after the Constituent Assembly elections, they became the third most powerful party in the country. On 24 April the strike on the streets of Ljubljana transcended any democratic norms. After the police and military intervention, 13 workers died on the Zaloška cesta street. A few days before that, at the assembly of the Slovenian People's Party confidants in Ljubljana, Korošec had cautioned against the danger of the communist movement, while during the strike he refused to communicate with the railway representatives, claiming that the strike was illegal - that is, unannounced.

"Odljev mozgova" iz Jugoslavije

Author(s): Silva Mežnarić,Ivan Grdešić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1990

Research into the emigration of highly educated labour, experts, and scientists from Yugoslavia to highly developed countries is intended to serve as an analytical basis for the creation of a policy and of means for the study and decrease of brain drain. Brain drain is a low-structured problem with a variety of causes and opposed values, to which there are no simple, fast, and final solutions. The authors present the main statistical data on the size and the dynamics of the brain drain and the basic motives and causes of this type of migration. The policy's purpose is to transform the one-direction drain into circulation of scientists and scientific information.

(Ne)delání rodinné politiky v České republice

Author(s): Linda Sokačová / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

10 let dela Inštituta za zgodovino delavskega gibanja in njegovo mesto v slovenskem zgodovinopisju

Author(s): Bogdan Osolnik / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1-2/1970

Iz nekdanjega Znanstvenega inštituta pri predsedstvu SNOS, ki je bil ustanovljen na slovenskem osvobojenem ozemlju ipred 25 leti, je neposredno izšel tudi Inštitut za zgodovino delavskega gibanja. Ustanovljen je bil namreč s spojitvijo Zgodovinskega arhiva pri CK KPS in dela Muzeja narodne osvoboditve, ki je bil obenem z Inštitutom za narodnostna Mprašanja neposredni dedič in naslednik partizanskega inštituta. [...]

1833 SİVAS NÜFUS DEFTERLERİ KAYITLARINA GÖRE KALİFİYE İŞGÜCÜ GÖÇÜ VE BUNLARIN MESLEKİ, YAŞ ve GİDİLEN YER ÖZELLİKLERİ

Author(s): Üyesi Sezgin Zabun / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 39/2018

The source of this work is the 2400 population book of Sivas. In this book, information such as occupations, ages, which groups pay taxes, housing property, rent, who is going to work, whether or not they went to work, and so on. We can have information about the economic situation from which revenue group the people give the Cizye tax and whether it is the property of the house. Moving from the places where the workers went to work, it is possible to get an idea about the centers of attraction, employment-generating zones that have been labor-migrating. The records taken from the Ottoman archives of the Prime Ministry were read and classified.

25. mednarodna konferenca zgodovinarjev delavskega gibanja

Author(s): Andrej Studen / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1-2/1990

25. mednarodna konferenca zgodovinarjev delavskega gibanja (ITH) (Linz, 12. do 16. IX. 1989)

50+ do starého železa nepatří!

Author(s): Zdena Bočarova / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

A Cheap and Dispensable Tool for Uranium Extraction - “Class enemies” used as forced labor in mines during the Communist regime

Author(s): Tomáš Bursík / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Long-term imprisonment involving forced labor in mines under inhumane and degrading conditions was one way of getting rid of “class enemies” without attracting too much attention to the Czechoslovak Communist regime.

A Country with non-Existent Unemployment. The Special Characteristics of the Czech Labour Market

Author(s): Krzysztof Dębiec / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

Since 2016, the Czech Republic has had the lowest unemployment rate among all EU member states (cf. Chart 1). In mid-2017, it overtook Japan to reach the top position in the ranking of OECD member states. This situation adversely affects companies which are looking for ways to cope with workforce shortages. One solution is the automation of production processes, but employers are also appealing for the country to become more open to receiving immigrant workers, above all from Ukraine. The trade unions are opposed to this, fearing that an influx of workers from other countries will slow down the rate of increase of wages. At the same time, there is a debate in the Czech Republic about the degree to which the present economic model contributes to the country catching up with the Western economies and what should be done to speed up the convergence.

A felsőfokú tanulmányok hatása a munkaerőpiaci reintegrációra

Author(s): Ágnes Engler / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2010

A felsőfokú végzettségűek státus-inkonzisztenciája

Author(s): Péter Tibor Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2010

It is assumed that an average, recently-graduating university student will be satisfied if she/he obtains a carrier position that is usually obtained by university graduates; conversely, the attractiveness of positions occupied en masse by non-graduates will remain low in the eyes of new graduates. In our research, each job position looked at had a value of between 0 and 1 according to the proportion of such positions obtained by graduates. Thus the concept of job position – an originally non-linear category – has been developed into a linear one. This new method can therefore make an average occupation – one linked with the prestige of any social demographic group – quantifiable. We can as a result see that the average occupation prestige of graduates aged around 25 is lower than the average occupation prestige of persons of around 35 years; though the average occupation prestige of graduates aged around 25 is higher than with 45 or 55 year-old graduates. Therefore, although the commonplace that the “inconsistency between job and the level of education has grown” with the new generation is valid, it is only valid in comparison with previous cohorts – not in comparison with the whole “society of elders”. In contrast, in 1970 the average occupation prestige of graduates of around 25 was higher than the average occupation prestige of the graduates of any older generation. Taking on board these two phenomena one could say that the present situation of young graduates is worse than for older ones, or at least is worse than for older ones when they were young; and this “handicap” is more characteristic of young college graduates (BA) than for young university graduates (MA).

A felsőoktatás és a foglalkoztathatóság kapcsolatának értelmezései

Author(s): András Derényi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2010

In his article András Derényi outlines representation and the implementation of employability within higher education. Interpretations of the old idea of educational systems’ having a function of better meeting labor market needs have more complexity and are more confusing in connection with higher education. Not only have concepts of employability been changing – societal functions of higher education have additionally undergone major changes, this going along with a rapid restructuring of the labor market. Research results show that individuals’ successes given transition from the world of learning to the world of labor greatly depend on factors that are outside the higher education domain. Reactions in higher education to employability issues are therefore diverse; and there is no single good solution to the ‘development’ of employability. The main teaching characteristics of higher education require specific approaches whose common features would seem to be involvement with and cooperation among institutions and stakeholders, where cases and relevant experiences show good results for all participants.

A Final Solution of Informality Problem on Self-employed and Employed in Kosovo

Author(s): Nakije Myftar Kida / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2018

A higher level of implementation of tax legislation, efficiency in the Tax Administration of Kosovo (TAK), cooperation between TAK and municipal levels, stimulated and encouraged the reduction of informality of the self-employed and workers in Kosovo businesses. This paper examines two types of employment in Kosovo (employed and self-employed) in 9 Regions (Ferizaj, Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica, Peja, Prishtina 1, Pristina 2, Prishtina 3 and Prizren) and the Department of Large Taxpayers (DLT). To study the dynamics of employment growth, evidence was obtained from the employment figures from the TAK central level, the 2013-2016 period on monthly and yearly basis. The employment performance results have a two-sided positive impact, first they examine the efficiency of TAK in reducing the informality of selfemployed and workers in Kosovo, and secondly they examine business co-operation towards reducing informality. The assessment of results is based on descriptive employment statistics for large regions separately.

A foglalkoztathatóság kérdése az Európai Felsőoktatási Térségben

Author(s): Ildikó Hrubos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2010

Supporting increases in the economic competitiveness of Europe by putting a highly qualified workforce into the labor market has been one of the emphasised goals of European higher education reform (since 1999). Nevertheless, connecting up with the labor market has been one of the least successful elements of this reform. The reasons for the lack of success are very complex: an unclear definition of the goal itself, not defining properly the functions of different types of training programs and handling them inflexibly, misunderstanding the roles of labor market actors, and ignoring wider social interconnections. Many are searching for different ways out of this problem: a developing of qualification frameworks, the Tuning program, a system for career tracking and alumni, and providing current students with career planning services.

A foglalkoztathatósághoz kötődő hallgatói várakozások

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Veroszta / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2010

In an analysis of expectations related to graduate employment opportunities, the study examines, for the period before persons’ enter the labor market, student expectations related to such entry and successes instead of objective indicators of employment possibilities. The study analyses the individual background variables playing a determining role in study expectations via a multi-dimensional approach to labor market success, focusing on subjective elements. In addition to examining expectations in detail regarding the most important professional field background variable, the analysis – embedded within the framework of relevant technical literature – also focuses on expectation-related differences appearing between genders or social groups; it also looks at how previous professional work experience modifies people’s expectations. The analysis is based on data from a questionnaire survey obtained in relation to approximately 8000 people studying on undergraduate programs.

A Generation in Distress: Perspectives of Young People in Bulgaria and Southeast Europe

Author(s): Magdalena Preshlenova / Language(s): English / Issue: 05-06/2016

The current socio-political and economic environment places Europe’s youth in a burdensome position. The financial crisis from the past decade, as well as the remnants of the political transitions after the fall of communism in Southeast Europe, have spelled some of the worst conditions for young people in historic terms, particularly in this region.Youth unemployment is unprecedentedly high. The education system seems to fail in providing young people with the skills and knowledge to succeed. Governments are perceived as vastly detached from the issues relevant to their youngest constituencies. Political apathy is rampant. In the present environment, perspectives of young people are increasingly important, as they signal the urgent areas of action and can navigate social research and government policy. The present paper provides an overview of the current attitudes among young people in Bulgaria and Southeast Europe based on previous research and personal observation, filling some of the existing gaps in common perceptions of young citizens.

A globalizáció és migráció magyarországon

Author(s): Attila Melegh / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2011

The study by Attila Melegh (Globalization and migration: the case of Hungary) concentrates on how Hungary has been integrated into migratory processes shaped by the changes occurring in the era of globalization. The study argues that the collapse of state socialism in Hungary was an important consequence of the macro-economic changes in the era of globalization, and the migratory processes since the early 1980s can be explained by these changes. The study also argues that until the early 2000s Hungary was becoming a newly immigrant country with low intensity out-migration, and there was a utilization of some of the comparative advantages here in terms of economic well-being in the country; while, later, this process slowed down and, due to difficult labour market conditions, the country has lost most of its attractive features.

A hazai emberi erőforrások ma és holnap

Author(s): István Polónyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2016

The paper first describes the current situation of Hungarian human resources, using various well-known indicators (the Human Capital Index, the Human Development Index, the Legatum Prosperity Index). It notes that the development of human resources in Hungary lags behind developed countries. Following this, it describes some forecasts relating to the various elements of human resources in Hungary. The study presents forecasts relating to total fertility, aging, education and employment. It notes that in terms of the future development of human resources, Hungary will be one of the weakest performers in the European Union,

A kompetenciák mint a frissdiplomások bérét befolyásoló tényezők a Pécsi Tudományegyetem példáján

Author(s): Norbert Sipos,Gábor Balogh,Gabriella Kuráth / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2013