Koszty i efekty pomocy publicznej podczas pandemii COVID-19. Programy UE oraz polskie tarcze antykryzysowe

Author(s): Grażyna Ancyparowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to prove the thesis that the intervention activities of the Polish government and the central bank during the COVID-19 pandemic were necessary to overcome the economic consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. Methodology: The main research method is the monograph and the research techniques include analysis of legal documents and statistical data on public finance. Findings: The interventionism of the EU, combined with the actions of state institutions and NBP, had a positive impact on GDP dynamics and the labour market. Its negative effect was an increase in public debt and the money supply in the banking system. The imbalance between effective demand and effective supply was an important, yet not sole, cause of the persistent inflation of 2021–2023.

Иновационната политика на българските пристанищни оператори: фактор за повишаване на конкурентоспособността им

Author(s): Petya Koralova Nozharova,Shteryo Nozharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The digital and green transformation, which is developing on global level at different speeds in the first half of 21st century, puts pressure on the Bulgarian port operators to change their innovation policies. This process is also influencing the competitiveness of ports in the context of the Bulgarian economy, which is still catching up with the average EU levels of GDP per capita, which are not members of the Eurozone. The purpose of the present study is to discuss the issue if the digital and green transformation, which is developing both on European and global level, is an accelerator or a limiter of the competitiveness of ports in countries with transition economies.

Значението на Шенгенското споразумение за логистиката и веригата на доставки

Author(s): Veronika Pechenyakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Пресечни точки между издателския и фотографския бизнес и управление на права на интелектуална собственост

Author(s): Lilia Yotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Publishing and the photography business are two creative industries that have crosspoints in their work together and in the management of intellectual property rights of their products. What are these intersections, what problems have the publishers and the photographers, and how can they be solved? What are the latest law changes and which of them affect the two creative industries? What would improve the business environment and copyright protection?

Принципи на правото на ЕС, приложими при разпореждането с публични средства в държавите членки

Author(s): Zhivko Draganov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents the general and special principles of the EU law that should be observed when legislation of public procurement by the EU and by the Member States is passed, and those that are directly related to the implementation of such legislation. Related case law of the CJEU is reviewed. Adherence to the stated principles is important, on one hand, for guaranteeing the public interest in the Union and in the Member States, and on the other hand, for the functioning of the internal market and for the competition between the businesses operating in this market. The main role in the mentioned processes is played by the member states, which are obliged to transpose the legislation of the Union, and to ensure its application and enforcement in public procurement procedures, in compliance with the general and special principles established in the EU law.

Принцип на добро финансово управление

Author(s): Ginka Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the general situation related to the principle of sound financial management with a view to its regulation at the European and national level. Particular attention is paid to the cumulative presence of the three components of the principle, in particular the principle of economy, effectiveness and efficiency. The need for a correct interpretation and specific analysis of the content of these principles in the presence of a legal dispute is presented, so that by means of their lawful application the protection of the financial interests of the European Union can be ensured to the maximum extent.

Изискването за независимост на координаторите на цифрови услуги в контекста на регламент (ЕС) 2022/2065 (акт за цифровите услуги)

Author(s): Denitza Toptchiyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the context of its comprehensive Information Society policy, in 2022, the European Union (EU) adopted Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on the Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). The primary goal of the regulation is to provide a modern, integrated European approach to addressing illegal content, disinformation, or other risks to society in the online space. This publication aims to examine the requirements regarding the independence of national coordinators for digital services in the context of their powers outlined in the Digital Services Act and to make proposals regarding upcoming changes in national legislation.

Корпоративно данъчно (не)облагане в ЕС

Author(s): Elina Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper outlines the concepts of unfair tax competition and aggressive tax planning, which are fundamental to modern international tax law, and briefly presents the related current legal framework for harmonizing corporate taxation in the European Union.

Изискването за независимост на координаторите на цифрови услуги в контекста на регламент (ЕС) 2022/2065 (акт за цифровите услуги)

Author(s): Denitza Toptchiyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the context of its comprehensive Information Society policy, in 2022, the European Union (EU) adopted Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on the Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). The primary goal of the regulation is to provide a modern, integrated European approach to addressing illegal content, disinformation, or other risks to society in the online space. This publication aims to examine the requirements regarding the independence of national coordinators for digital services in the context of their powers outlined in the Digital Services Act and to make proposals regarding upcoming changes in national legislation.

Защита на кредиторите на дружеството с променлив капитал

Author(s): Elislav Atanasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the legal instruments available to creditors for claims against a company with variable capital and more specifically the guarantee function of capital and the possibility of engaging in the personal liability of board members and controlling partners. A conclusion is made about the essence of penetrating liability as a special type of tortious liability, expressly provided for in the law to override the general rule that the company is independently liable for its obligations only with its own property.

За необходимостта от трудово-правна уредба на ваучерната система на заетост, в контекста на принципа за недискриминация

Author(s): Paola Klassa / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report provides an overview of the emergence of voucher systems for employment in Belgium, France and Canton Geneva (Switzerland), the specifics of their application in each of these countries, the problems that this type of employment solves, as well as its weaknesses, its interdependence with the so-called domestic workers. Outlines the place for its‘ regulation according to the Employment Strategy of the Republic of Bulgaria 2021-2030 to other forms of flexibility as a prerequisite for economic growth. Points to its inevitable interconnection as attypical employment also with the principle of non165 discrimination and the need to transpose Directive No 2023/970 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023. to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for women and men for equal work or work of equal value, through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms.

Някои въпроси за облагането на печалбите на местните юридически лица с корпоративен данък по ЗКПО в резултат от разпореждане с дружествени дялове и акции

Author(s): Tyurker Mollahasan / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report aims to analyze some issues regarding the taxation of the profits of local legal entities with corporate tax under CITA as a result of the disposal of company shares and stocks. After analyzing the essence of the corporate tax, some of the main elements of the tax are also analyzed - the object of taxation, the subject of the tax and the rules for determining the amount of the tax liability (tax base and tax rate). The report places a major emphasis on the concept of "profit" in the accounting and tax sense. The specific rules for the formation and taxation of the tax profit resulting from the disposal of certain financial instruments admitted to trading on a regulated market are also specified.

Challenges for Auditors in Relation to Disclosure of Sustainability Information in Financial Statements

Author(s): Iavor Bachev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In recent years, there have been global efforts to improve the role of sustainable development as a measure for controlling global warming. In June 2020, Regulation (EU) 2020/852 was published, which sets out six environmental objectives for businesses: climate change mitigation; the process of stabilizing the average global temperature below 2°C by 2050 and making efforts to limit it to 1.5°; adaptation to climate change; sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources; transition to a circular economy; pollution prevention and control; and biodiversity protection and restoration. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) was founded in November 2021, and its primary function is to produce sustainability disclosure standards. Two years later, the board agreed and adopted the first worldwide standards for sustainability disclosure, IFRS S1 and IFRS S2. On 5.01.2023, Directive (EU) 2022/2464 on corporate sustainability reporting entered into force, which allows users of information to identify environmental risks and opportunities that are material to enterprises. The paper seeks to identify areas of concern regarding the regulation and auditing of sustainability information. The following tasks are set: outline the requirements of Directive (EU) 2022/2464 and the changes it involves in the accounting directive; define the specifics of the standardization in the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as future auditor requirements.

The Impact of EU Shadow Liabilities on Member States; Inflation and Currency Effects

Author(s): Gordon Kerr / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Based substantially on the analysis of Bob Lyddon, with whom the author has worked on several papers and reports about EU financial stability, this paper summarises the scale and scope of unrecorded and unreported liabilities that are hidden not so much by weak accounting rules but more by the careful and deliberate design. Some institutions are backed only by Eurozone member states, some by all EU member states. The effect of this practice of creating and hiding liabilities is estimated at almost doubling the combined General Government Gross Debt of the EU member states. This matters; bad for embedded but as yet relatively low inflation, and bad for the stability of the euro as a currency.

The Role of Banks in Bulgaria in Increasing Financial Literacy

Author(s): Irina Kazandzhieva-Yordanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper investigates the implementation of a national strategy for increasing financial literacy in Bulgaria and the types of activities performed by the financial sector contributing to financial literacy. Some key elements of the financial literacy strategy are discussed in the paper as well as the role of the financial sector for the realization of the goals of the national strategy. The paper stresses on the role of the banking sector and the types of activities it performs for increasing the financial literacy. The paper argues that despite the number of activities performed by the financial sector the necessity of creating a national strategy is inevitable as it guarantees the involvement of the different social groups, coverage of large scope of topics and sustainability on a long-term basis.

The Convinience of Inflation in The Neoliberal Doctrine

Author(s): Krasimira Decheva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The overall inflation and its trajectory over the interruption of supply chain management , caused by the unforeseen peril introduced by the COVID-29 pandemic in the global economy, encouraged all sorts of novel disruptions to maintain market equilibrium. The elites in the world successfully used the pandemic consequences to gain more power. The inflation is one of the powerful tool that serve them. This paper uses process mining analysis to identify the importance of inflation in the neoliberal doctrine. The research papers have been compiled from Web of Science and Research Gate. Cross-reference networks have been extracted from the source papers, enabling visualization to uncover the disciplinary contributions which have supported the relation between inflation and neoliberal doctrine.

Russia’s Role in the Provision of Sustainable Energy Security in South Eastern Europe

Author(s): Igor Tomberg,Pavel K. Baev,András Deák,Konstantin Michajlovič Simonov,Milan Simurdić,Zorana Z. Mihajlović Milanović,Anatoly Pomorcev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

2009 – the crisis year – brought about crucial changes in the established and seemingly successful picture of the oil market. The New Year “gas war” between Russia and Ukraine consolidated bad tradition, demonstrating the vulnerability of the present structure of the oil and gas market once again. There were no winners, everyone suffered: the supplier, the transporter and the consumers. Conclusions and assessments of the conflict, and its consequences, are, generally, diametrically opposed. This was reflected in the subsequent actions and statements of the players in the market. It seems generally considered that on the ‘gas front’ Russia is leading a war “against all”. This confrontation is not new; but if earlier it could be considered as “debatable”, now resentment towards the actions and positions of Moscow are reaching a kind of hysteria. Such a political context, alongside some recent events, certainly has an influence on the future of the energy security in Europe, especially considering dramatic changes in the oil and gas markets.

Financial Development and Economic Growth in CEE Countries

Author(s): Gergana Mihaylova-Borisova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Given the important financial sector’s role in economies, the study examines whether there is a relationship between the GDP growth and financial development of CEE countries. For this purpose, first the causality is tested by means of Granger-causality test and then an attempt is made to assess the influence of one variable on the other. The GDP growth and financial development’s relationship is examined for the ten countries in CEE, with the period covered being 2010-2022. It is expected that financial development has a great importance for the improved growth in the studied countries. Data on loans, deposits in the banking system, and market capitalization as a share of GDP are used. The results confirmed that financial sector contributes positively to the realization of higher and stable GDP growth in CEE countries.

The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Accelerating Bulgaria's Economic Development

Author(s): Mehmed Rasim / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the biggest challenges in developing countries is the shortage of accumulated capital, which must provide the necessary investment for economic growth. Developing countries are increasingly implementing policies targeting FDI to improve their international competitiveness and secure capital for economic development.

Global Sancflation as a Reflection of the Impact of Sanctions Against Russia to Inflation: Some (Im)possible Comparisons

Author(s): Elena Simeonova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper reflects some thoughts on the nexus between the sanctions against Russia and the global inflation rates since February 2022. The paper sets the following objectives: 1) to bring out and define the term sancflation, and 2) to search for other cases of similar global impact of the sanctions-inflation nexus. The thesis statement is that sanctions on Russia are unique and have global economic effects (including inflation) far greater than anything seen before. The global impact evaluation of Russia’s case should prompt a reconsideration of sanctions as a policy instrument.